Skip to main content

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Graph-Based Dependency Parsing with Recursive Neural Network

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Graph-based dependency parsing models have achieved state-of-the-art performance, yet their defect in feature representation is obvious: these models enforce strong independence assumptions upon tree components, thus restricting themselves to local, shallow features with limited context information. Besides, they rely heavily on hand-crafted feature templates. In this paper, we extend recursive neural network into dependency parsing. This allows us to efficiently represent the whole sub-tree context and rich structural information for each node. We propose a heuristic search procedure for decoding. Our model can also be used in the reranking framework. With words and pos-tags as the only input features, it gains significant improvement over the baseline models, and shows advantages in capturing long distance dependencies.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
2
fanIn is the number of node from incoming layer and fanout is the number for the next layer.
 
3
UAS: Unlabelled Attachment Score. Following previous work, we excludes tokens with pos tags of {“” , ; .}.
 
4
The win-over ratio is defined as: r = (the number of dependencies our model gets right \(-\) the number of dependencies the baseline gets right) / total number of dependencies at this distance. \(r>0\) indicates that our model performs better than baseline at this distance, the higher the ratio is, the bigger advantage we gains.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bengio, Y., Ducharme, R., Vincent, P., Janvin, C.: A neural probabilistic language model. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 1137–1155 (2003)MATH Bengio, Y., Ducharme, R., Vincent, P., Janvin, C.: A neural probabilistic language model. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 1137–1155 (2003)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Carreras, X.: Experiments with a higher-order projective dependency parser. In: EMNLP-CoNLL, pp. 957–961 (2007) Carreras, X.: Experiments with a higher-order projective dependency parser. In: EMNLP-CoNLL, pp. 957–961 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, D., Manning, C.D.: A fast and accurate dependency parser using neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 740–750 (2014) Chen, D., Manning, C.D.: A fast and accurate dependency parser using neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 740–750 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat Collins, M., Roark, B.: Incremental parsing with the perceptron algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, p. 111 (2004) Collins, M., Roark, B.: Incremental parsing with the perceptron algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, p. 111 (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat Duchi, J., Hazan, E., Singer, Y.: Adaptive subgradient methods for online learning and stochastic optimization. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2121–2159 (2011)MathSciNetMATH Duchi, J., Hazan, E., Singer, Y.: Adaptive subgradient methods for online learning and stochastic optimization. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2121–2159 (2011)MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Eisner, J.M.: Three new probabilistic models for dependency parsing: an exploration. In: Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics, vol. 1, pp. 340–345 (1996) Eisner, J.M.: Three new probabilistic models for dependency parsing: an exploration. In: Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics, vol. 1, pp. 340–345 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Eisner, J.: Bilexical grammars and their cubic-time parsing algorithms. In: Bunt, H., Nijholt, A. (eds.) Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies. Text, Speech and Language Technology, vol. 16, pp. 29–61. Springer, Netherlands (2000)CrossRef Eisner, J.: Bilexical grammars and their cubic-time parsing algorithms. In: Bunt, H., Nijholt, A. (eds.) Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies. Text, Speech and Language Technology, vol. 16, pp. 29–61. Springer, Netherlands (2000)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Glorot, X., Bengio, Y.: Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 249–256 (2010) Glorot, X., Bengio, Y.: Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 249–256 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Goller, C., Kuchler, A.: Learning task-dependent distributed representations by backpropagation through structure. In: IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 1, pp. 347–352 (1996) Goller, C., Kuchler, A.: Learning task-dependent distributed representations by backpropagation through structure. In: IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 1, pp. 347–352 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi, K., Watanabe, T., Asahara, M., Matsumoto, Y.: Third-order variational reranking on packed-shared dependency forests. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1479–1488 (2011) Hayashi, K., Watanabe, T., Asahara, M., Matsumoto, Y.: Third-order variational reranking on packed-shared dependency forests. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1479–1488 (2011)
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, L., Sagae, K.: Dynamic programming for linear-time incremental parsing. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1077–1086 (2010) Huang, L., Sagae, K.: Dynamic programming for linear-time incremental parsing. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1077–1086 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, L., Jiang, W., Liu, Q.: Bilingually-constrained (monolingual) shift-reduce parsing. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, vol. 3, pp. 1222–1231 (2009) Huang, L., Jiang, W., Liu, Q.: Bilingually-constrained (monolingual) shift-reduce parsing. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, vol. 3, pp. 1222–1231 (2009)
Zurück zum Zitat Koo, T., Collins, M.: Efficient third-order dependency parsers. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1–11 (2010) Koo, T., Collins, M.: Efficient third-order dependency parsers. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1–11 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Le, P., Zuidema, W.: The inside-outside recursive neural network model for dependency parsing. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 729–739 (2014) Le, P., Zuidema, W.: The inside-outside recursive neural network model for dependency parsing. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 729–739 (2014)
Zurück zum Zitat McDonald, R.T., Pereira, F.C.N.: Online learning of approximate dependency parsing algorithms. In: EACL (2006) McDonald, R.T., Pereira, F.C.N.: Online learning of approximate dependency parsing algorithms. In: EACL (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat McDonald, R., Crammer, K., Pereira, F.: Online large-margin training of dependency parsers. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 91–98 (2005) McDonald, R., Crammer, K., Pereira, F.: Online large-margin training of dependency parsers. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 91–98 (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Mikolov, T., Karafiát, M., Burget, L., Cernockỳ, J., Khudanpur, S.: Recurrent neural network based language model. In: INTERSPEECH 2010, 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, 26–30 September 2010, pp. 1045–1048 (2010) Mikolov, T., Karafiát, M., Burget, L., Cernockỳ, J., Khudanpur, S.: Recurrent neural network based language model. In: INTERSPEECH 2010, 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, 26–30 September 2010, pp. 1045–1048 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Nivre, J., Hall, J., Nilsson, J., Eryigit, G., Marinov, S.: Labeled pseudo-projective dependency parsing with support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 221–225 (2006) Nivre, J., Hall, J., Nilsson, J., Eryigit, G., Marinov, S.: Labeled pseudo-projective dependency parsing with support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 221–225 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Socher, R., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Learning continuous phrase representations and syntactic parsing with recursive neural networks. In: Proceedings of the NIPS-2010 Deep Learning and Unsupervised Feature Learning Workshop, pp. 1–9 (2010) Socher, R., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Learning continuous phrase representations and syntactic parsing with recursive neural networks. In: Proceedings of the NIPS-2010 Deep Learning and Unsupervised Feature Learning Workshop, pp. 1–9 (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Socher, R., Bauer, J., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Parsing with compositional vector grammars. In: Proceedings of the ACL conference (2013) Socher, R., Bauer, J., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Parsing with compositional vector grammars. In: Proceedings of the ACL conference (2013)
Zurück zum Zitat Toutanova, K., Klein, D., Manning, C.D., Singer, Y.: Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging with a cyclic dependency network. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology, vol. 1, pp. 173–180 (2003) Toutanova, K., Klein, D., Manning, C.D., Singer, Y.: Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging with a cyclic dependency network. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology, vol. 1, pp. 173–180 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada, H., Yuji, M.: Statistical dependency analysis with support vector machines. In: Proceedings of IWPT, vol. 3, pp. 195–206 (2003) Yamada, H., Yuji, M.: Statistical dependency analysis with support vector machines. In: Proceedings of IWPT, vol. 3, pp. 195–206 (2003)
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Y., Nivre, J.: Transition-based dependency parsing with rich non-local features. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. short papers, vol. 2, pp. 188–193 (2011) Zhang, Y., Nivre, J.: Transition-based dependency parsing with rich non-local features. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. short papers, vol. 2, pp. 188–193 (2011)
Metadaten
Titel
Graph-Based Dependency Parsing with Recursive Neural Network
verfasst von
Pingping Huang
Baobao Chang
Copyright-Jahr
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25816-4_19