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2020 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Greenspace-Oriented Development

Reconciling Urban Density and Nature in Suburban Cities

verfasst von: Julian Bolleter, Dr. Cristina E. Ramalho

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : SpringerBriefs in Geography

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) planning principles have informed Australian city planning for over two decades. As such, policy makers and planners often unquestioningly apply its principles. In contrast, this book critiques TOD and argues that while orientating development towards public transport hubs makes some sense, the application of TOD principles in Australia has proven a significant challenge. As a complementary strategy, the book stakes out the potential of Greenspace-Oriented Development (GOD) in which urban density is correlated with upgraded green spaces with reasonable access to public transport. Concentrating urban densification around green spaces offers many advantages to residents including ecosystem services such as physical and mental health benefits, the mitigation of extreme heat events, biodiversity and clean air and water. Moreover, the open space and leafy green qualities of GOD will ensure it resonates with the lifestyle aspirations of suburban residents who may otherwise resist urban densification. We believe in this way, that GOD could be an urban dream that befits the challenges of this 21st century.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This introductory chapter establishes the background within which the book’s discussion about urban densification is set. Urban sprawl is a major facet of contemporary urbanization. In countries such as Australia and the US, expansive suburbanization consisting of single-family, freestanding residential dwellings is ubiquitous. Despite its ubiquity, urban sprawl faces several emerging crises, which threaten its dominance. These include the destruction of agriculturally productive and biodiverse land, ballooning infrastructure costs and commuting times, and the concentration of vulnerable socio-economic strata on the city’s fringes. These issues, in conjunction with the challenges of delivering Transit-Oriented Development in existing urban areas, highlight the need for a complementary strategy for achieving urban densification in suburban cities. In this book we explore this topic with a focus on the Australian context.
Julian Bolleter, Cristina E. Ramalho
Chapter 2. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and Its Problems
Abstract
In this chapter, we set out the ascendant ideology of TOD and review the barriers to its implementation in urban densification settings in suburban cities. These barriers can include land assembly and development feasibility issues, community resistance, lack of consumer demand and infrastructure provision challenges. As a result of these barriers, attempts to implement TOD have proven a challenge. Moreover, a substantial portion of urban densification is occurring in an ad hoc manner, a trend we explore in relation to Australian cities. This chapter raises concerns about this indiscriminate form of urban densification, as it offers minimal access to public transport, contributes little to urban activation, compromises urban forests, and entrenches community opposition to infill development. Given these issues, this chapter stresses the need for a complementary strategy to support urban densification in suburban cities.
Julian Bolleter, Cristina E. Ramalho
Chapter 3. Why GOD? The Benefits of Greenspace-Oriented Development
Abstract
In this chapter, we set out a strategy for urban densification, which we name Greenspace-Oriented Development (GOD). While Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) co-locates urban densification with public transport hubs, GOD co-locates urban densification with significant, upgraded public green spaces (such as parks) that are relatively well served by public transport. The upgraded parks, and their connecting streetscapes, operate as a multifunctional, communal “backyard” for residents living in a surrounding higher-density urban precinct. Through GOD, we propose to weave together the positive aspects of suburbia (i.e. access to open space and nature) with those of good quality medium-density urban infill (i.e. access to public transport, facilities and good urban design). In this chapter, we describe GOD, its key principles, benefits and the settings to which it is most suited.
Julian Bolleter, Cristina E. Ramalho
Chapter 4. A Manual for Implementing Greenspace-Oriented Development
Abstract
While in the previous chapter we defined Greenspace-Oriented Development (GOD) and explained the multitude of benefits it offers, here we explain how practitioners can implement GOD. We suggest a step-by-step process that aims to guide GOD implementation. These steps are: (1) select parks for upgrading; (2) upgrade parks; (3) rezone the urban precincts surrounding parks; (4) catalyze and facilitate redevelopment; (5) decentralize services infrastructure; (6) conduct needs-based assessment and equip parks, and (7) upgrade surrounding key streetscapes. This step-by-step process sets out how GOD can guide urban densification while offering multiple socio-ecological benefits through the redesign and activation of public green spaces.
Julian Bolleter, Cristina E. Ramalho
Chapter 5. Conclusion
Abstract
This chapter briefly summarizes the key points of the book. We then direct researchers to potentially fertile areas for future research. These include a systematic evaluation of community sentiment in relation to urban infill strategies, and the potential effects of emerging transport types on Transit-Oriented Development, amongst others. We then speculate on the possible societal and environmental implications of both our current strategies for urban densification and the urban sprawl that they inadvertently precipitate. We discuss this in the context of cities in Australia, and globally, many of which demographers project to grow significantly in this twenty-first century.
Julian Bolleter, Cristina E. Ramalho
Metadaten
Titel
Greenspace-Oriented Development
verfasst von
Julian Bolleter
Dr. Cristina E. Ramalho
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-29601-8
Print ISBN
978-3-030-29600-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29601-8

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