Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Human Rights Review 4/2017

02.08.2017

How ‘Universal’ Is the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review Process? An Examination of the Discussions Held on Polygamy

verfasst von: Gayatri Patel

Erschienen in: Human Rights Review | Ausgabe 4/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In 2006, United Nations Human Rights Council was tasked to establish a new human rights monitoring mechanism: Universal Periodic Review process. The objective of this process is to promote and protect the universality of all human rights issues and concerns via a dialogical peer review process. The primary aim of this investigation is to ask the following question: has this claim of promoting and protecting the universality of the human rights been met, or challenged, during state reviews in the UPR process? The issue of polygamy has been selected as the focus for this investigation to be used, primarily, as a tool to undertake an in-depth analysis of the discussions held during state reviews in the review process. In addition, this paper will employ scholarly debates between universalism and cultural relativism, as well as the sophisticated and nuanced approaches that fall in between the polarised opposites, to analyse the discussions held on human rights during state reviews. Ultimately, the findings and discussion of this investigation will provide a unique and valuable insight to the work and operation of the UPR process, so far.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abebe A. M (2009) Of Shaming and Bargaining: African States and the Universal Periodic Review of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Human Rights Law Review 9: 1–35CrossRef Abebe A. M (2009) Of Shaming and Bargaining: African States and the Universal Periodic Review of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Human Rights Law Review 9: 1–35CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Alexandre M (2007) Big Love: Is Feminist Polygamy an Oxymoron or a True Possibility? 18 Hastings Women's Law Journal 18: 3–23. Alexandre M (2007) Big Love: Is Feminist Polygamy an Oxymoron or a True Possibility? 18 Hastings Women's Law Journal 18: 3–23.
Zurück zum Zitat An-Na’im A (1990) Problems and Prospects of Universal Cultural Legitimacy for Human Rights. In An-Na’im and Deng (eds), Human Rights in Africa: Cross Cultural Perspectives. Brookings Institution, Washington. An-Na’im A (1990) Problems and Prospects of Universal Cultural Legitimacy for Human Rights. In An-Na’im and Deng (eds), Human Rights in Africa: Cross Cultural Perspectives. Brookings Institution, Washington.
Zurück zum Zitat An-Na’im A (1991) Toward a Cross Cultural Approach to Defining International Standards of Human Rights: The Meaning of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment' in A An-Na'im, Human Rights in Cross Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Consensus. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. An-Na’im A (1991) Toward a Cross Cultural Approach to Defining International Standards of Human Rights: The Meaning of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment' in A An-Na'im, Human Rights in Cross Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Consensus. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Zurück zum Zitat An-Na’im A (1994) State Responsibility under International Human Rights Law to Change Religious and Customary Law. In Rebecca Cook ed. Human Rights of Women: Natrional and International Perspectives) University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania. An-Na’im A (1994) State Responsibility under International Human Rights Law to Change Religious and Customary Law. In Rebecca Cook ed. Human Rights of Women: Natrional and International Perspectives) University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania.
Zurück zum Zitat An-Na’im A (1995). Toward a Cross Culture Approach to Defining International Standards of Human Right: The Meaning of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment. In Abdullahi An-Naim (ed) Human Rights in Cross Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Consensus (University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania. An-Na’im A (1995). Toward a Cross Culture Approach to Defining International Standards of Human Right: The Meaning of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment. In Abdullahi An-Naim (ed) Human Rights in Cross Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Consensus (University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania.
Zurück zum Zitat An-Naim, A and Hammond, J (2000) Cultural Transformation and Human Rights in African Societies in An-Na'im and Hammond (eds), Cultural Tranformation and human rights in African Societies. Zed Books, London. An-Naim, A and Hammond, J (2000) Cultural Transformation and Human Rights in African Societies in An-Na'im and Hammond (eds), Cultural Tranformation and human rights in African Societies. Zed Books, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell L (2001) Who produces Asian Identity? Discourse, Discrimination, and Chinese Peasant Women in the Quest for Human Rights. In L Bell, A Nathan and I Peleg (eds) Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. Colombia University Press, United States of America.CrossRef Bell L (2001) Who produces Asian Identity? Discourse, Discrimination, and Chinese Peasant Women in the Quest for Human Rights. In L Bell, A Nathan and I Peleg (eds) Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. Colombia University Press, United States of America.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Binder G (1999) Cultural Relativism and Cultural Imperialism in Human Rights Law. Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 5: 211–221. Binder G (1999) Cultural Relativism and Cultural Imperialism in Human Rights Law. Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 5: 211–221.
Zurück zum Zitat Boas F (2012) The Mind of Primitive Man. Forgotten Books, United State of America. Boas F (2012) The Mind of Primitive Man. Forgotten Books, United State of America.
Zurück zum Zitat Cerna C (1994) Universality of Human Rights and Cultural Diversity: Implementation of Human Rights in Different Socio-Cultural Contexts. Human Rights Quarterly 16: 740–752.CrossRef Cerna C (1994) Universality of Human Rights and Cultural Diversity: Implementation of Human Rights in Different Socio-Cultural Contexts. Human Rights Quarterly 16: 740–752.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cerna C and Wallace J (1999) Women and Culture. In Kelly D Askin and Dorean M Koenig (eds), Women and International Human Rights Law (Volume 1, Transnational Publishers Inc, California. Cerna C and Wallace J (1999) Women and Culture. In Kelly D Askin and Dorean M Koenig (eds), Women and International Human Rights Law (Volume 1, Transnational Publishers Inc, California.
Zurück zum Zitat Charlesworth H (1995) Human Rights as Men’s Rights. In Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper (eds) Women’s Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspective. Routledge, London. Charlesworth H (1995) Human Rights as Men’s Rights. In Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper (eds) Women’s Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspective. Routledge, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Cochrane L and McNeilly K (2013) The United Kingdom, the United Nations Human Rights Council and the first cycle of the Universal Periodic Review. The International Journal of Human Rights 17: 152–177.CrossRef Cochrane L and McNeilly K (2013) The United Kingdom, the United Nations Human Rights Council and the first cycle of the Universal Periodic Review. The International Journal of Human Rights 17: 152–177.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cranston M (1973) What are human rights, 2nd edn, Bodely Head, London Cranston M (1973) What are human rights, 2nd edn, Bodely Head, London
Zurück zum Zitat De Cru P (2010) Family Law, Sex and Society—A Comparative Study of Family Law. London, Routledge. De Cru P (2010) Family Law, Sex and Society—A Comparative Study of Family Law. London, Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat de Frouville O (2011) Building a Universal System for the Protection of Human Rights: The Way Forward. In M Cherif Bassiouni and William Schabas (eds) New Challenges for the UN Human Rights Machinery. Intersentia, Cambridge. de Frouville O (2011) Building a Universal System for the Protection of Human Rights: The Way Forward. In M Cherif Bassiouni and William Schabas (eds) New Challenges for the UN Human Rights Machinery. Intersentia, Cambridge.
Zurück zum Zitat de la Vega C and Lewis T (2011) Peer Review in the Mix: How the UPR Transforms Human Rights Discourse. In M Cherif Bassiouni and William Schabas (eds) New Challenges for the UN Human Rights Machinery. Intersentia, Cambridge: 353–384. de la Vega C and Lewis T (2011) Peer Review in the Mix: How the UPR Transforms Human Rights Discourse. In M Cherif Bassiouni and William Schabas (eds) New Challenges for the UN Human Rights Machinery. Intersentia, Cambridge: 353–384.
Zurück zum Zitat Dembour M (2001) Following the movement of a pendulum: between universalism and relativism. In Jane Cowan, Marie-Benedicte Dembour and Richard Wilson (eds). Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Dembour M (2001) Following the movement of a pendulum: between universalism and relativism. In Jane Cowan, Marie-Benedicte Dembour and Richard Wilson (eds). Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Domínguez-Redondo E (2012) The Universal Periodic Review—Is There Life beyond Naming and Shaming in Human Rights Implementation. New Zealand Law Review 4: 673–706. Domínguez-Redondo E (2012) The Universal Periodic Review—Is There Life beyond Naming and Shaming in Human Rights Implementation. New Zealand Law Review 4: 673–706.
Zurück zum Zitat Donnelly J (1984) Cultural Relativism and Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 6: 400–419.CrossRef Donnelly J (1984) Cultural Relativism and Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 6: 400–419.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Donnelly J (1989) Cultural Relativism and Universal Human Rights’ in Jack Donnelly (ed). Universal Human rights in theory and practice. Ithaca, Cornell University. Donnelly J (1989) Cultural Relativism and Universal Human Rights’ in Jack Donnelly (ed). Universal Human rights in theory and practice. Ithaca, Cornell University.
Zurück zum Zitat Donnelly J (1998) International Human Rights. Cornell University Press, New York. Donnelly J (1998) International Human Rights. Cornell University Press, New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Donoho L (1990–1991) Relativism versus Universality in Human Rights: The Search for Meaningful Standards. Stanford Journal of Internal law 27: 345–391. Donoho L (1990–1991) Relativism versus Universality in Human Rights: The Search for Meaningful Standards. Stanford Journal of Internal law 27: 345–391.
Zurück zum Zitat Executive Board (1947) American Anthropological Association. Executive Board (1947) American Anthropological Association.
Zurück zum Zitat Falk R (1995) Cultural Foundations for the International Protection of Human Rights. In A.A. An-Na’im (ed), Human Rights in Cross Cultural Perspectives. University of Pennsylvania Press, London. Falk R (1995) Cultural Foundations for the International Protection of Human Rights. In A.A. An-Na’im (ed), Human Rights in Cross Cultural Perspectives. University of Pennsylvania Press, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher G (1997) Mindsets: The Role of Culture and Perception in International Relations[GP]. Publisher: Intercultural Press – Publisher location: Yarmouth Fisher G (1997) Mindsets: The Role of Culture and Perception in International Relations[GP]. Publisher: Intercultural Press – Publisher location: Yarmouth
Zurück zum Zitat Gaffney-Rhys R (2011) Polygamy and the rights of Women. Women in Society 1: 1–15. Gaffney-Rhys R (2011) Polygamy and the rights of Women. Women in Society 1: 1–15.
Zurück zum Zitat Geertz C (1973) Interpretations of Culture. Basic Books, New York. Geertz C (1973) Interpretations of Culture. Basic Books, New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Geertz C (1977) The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books, New York. Geertz C (1977) The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books, New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Gewirth A (1982) Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Application. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Gewirth A (1982) Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Application. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Zurück zum Zitat Harman G and Thomson J (1995a) Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. Harman G and Thomson J (1995a) Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Harman G and Thomson J (1995b) Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Blackwell, Massachusetts. Harman G and Thomson J (1995b) Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity. Blackwell, Massachusetts.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris Short S (2011) ‘Listening to ‘the other’? The Convention on the Rights of the Child. Melbourne General of International Law 2: 305–351. Harris Short S (2011) ‘Listening to ‘the other’? The Convention on the Rights of the Child. Melbourne General of International Law 2: 305–351.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatch E (1983) Cultural and Morality: The Relativity of values in Anthropology Columbia University Press, Columbia. Hatch E (1983) Cultural and Morality: The Relativity of values in Anthropology Columbia University Press, Columbia.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatch E (1997) The Good Side of Relativism. Journal of Anthropological Research 53 (3):371–381CrossRef Hatch E (1997) The Good Side of Relativism. Journal of Anthropological Research 53 (3):371–381CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hernandez-Truyol B E (1999) Human Rights through a Gendered Lens: Emergence, Evolution, Revolution' in Askin K and Koenig D, Women and International Human Rights Law Hernandez-Truyol B E (1999) Human Rights through a Gendered Lens: Emergence, Evolution, Revolution' in Askin K and Koenig D, Women and International Human Rights Law
Zurück zum Zitat Herskovits M J (1964) Cultural Dynamics. Knopf, New York. Herskovits M J (1964) Cultural Dynamics. Knopf, New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Ibhawoh B (2000) Between Culture and Constitution: Evaluating the cultural legitimacy of human rights in the African State. Human Rights Quarterly 22: 838–860.CrossRef Ibhawoh B (2000) Between Culture and Constitution: Evaluating the cultural legitimacy of human rights in the African State. Human Rights Quarterly 22: 838–860.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Iovane M (2007) The Universality of Human Rights and the International Protection of Cultural Diversity: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 14: 231–262.CrossRef Iovane M (2007) The Universality of Human Rights and the International Protection of Cultural Diversity: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 14: 231–262.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jarvie I (1983) Rationalism and Relativism. The British Journal of Sociology 34: 44–64.CrossRef Jarvie I (1983) Rationalism and Relativism. The British Journal of Sociology 34: 44–64.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jonas O (2012) Reflections on the Practices and Experiences of African States in the African Peer Review Mechanism and the Universal Periodic Review System. Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern African 45; 428–453. Jonas O (2012) Reflections on the Practices and Experiences of African States in the African Peer Review Mechanism and the Universal Periodic Review System. Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern African 45; 428–453.
Zurück zum Zitat Joyner C and Dettling J (1990) Bridging the Cultural Chasm: Cultural Relativism and the Future of International Law. California Western International Law Journal 20: 275–315. Joyner C and Dettling J (1990) Bridging the Cultural Chasm: Cultural Relativism and the Future of International Law. California Western International Law Journal 20: 275–315.
Zurück zum Zitat Khun T (1979) The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. University of Chicago Press, London. Khun T (1979) The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. University of Chicago Press, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Komanovics A and Mazur-Kumrić N (2012) The Human Rights Council and the Universal Periodic Review: A novel method of promoting compliance with human rights. In Tímea Drinóczi, Mirela Župan, Zsombor Ercsey, Mario Vinković (eds) Contemporary legal challenges: EU Hungary – Croatia University of Pécs, Hungry. Komanovics A and Mazur-Kumrić N (2012) The Human Rights Council and the Universal Periodic Review: A novel method of promoting compliance with human rights. In Tímea Drinóczi, Mirela Župan, Zsombor Ercsey, Mario Vinković (eds) Contemporary legal challenges: EU Hungary – Croatia University of Pécs, Hungry.
Zurück zum Zitat Lenzerini F (2014) The Culturalization of Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press, OxfordCrossRef Lenzerini F (2014) The Culturalization of Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press, OxfordCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li X (2006) Ethics, Human Rights and Culture: Beyond Relativism and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.CrossRef Li X (2006) Ethics, Human Rights and Culture: Beyond Relativism and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lindholm T (1985) Coming to term with tradition. In Hoibraden, H & Gullvag, I (eds) Essays in Pragmatic Philosophy. Norwegian University Press, Oslo. Lindholm T (1985) Coming to term with tradition. In Hoibraden, H & Gullvag, I (eds) Essays in Pragmatic Philosophy. Norwegian University Press, Oslo.
Zurück zum Zitat McMahon E and Ascherio M (2012) A Step Ahead in Promoting Human Rights? The Universal Periodic Review of the UN Human Rights Council. Global Governance 18; 231–248. McMahon E and Ascherio M (2012) A Step Ahead in Promoting Human Rights? The Universal Periodic Review of the UN Human Rights Council. Global Governance 18; 231–248.
Zurück zum Zitat Merry S E (2003) Human Rights Law and the Demonization of Culture (And Anthropology along the way) PoLAR 26: 55–76.CrossRef Merry S E (2003) Human Rights Law and the Demonization of Culture (And Anthropology along the way) PoLAR 26: 55–76.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Merry S E (2006) Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Merry S E (2006) Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Zurück zum Zitat Mertus J (1995) State Discriminatory Family Law and Customary Values. In Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper (eds) Women’s Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspective. Routledge, London. Mertus J (1995) State Discriminatory Family Law and Customary Values. In Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper (eds) Women’s Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspective. Routledge, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer A E (1992) ‘Book review of Human Rights in Cross-Cultural Perspectives’ 14 Human Rights Quarterly 527 Meyer A E (1992) ‘Book review of Human Rights in Cross-Cultural Perspectives’ 14 Human Rights Quarterly 527
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer W (1996) Toward a Global Culture: Human Rights, Group Rights and Cultural Relativism. International Journal on Group Rights 3: 169–195.CrossRef Meyer W (1996) Toward a Global Culture: Human Rights, Group Rights and Cultural Relativism. International Journal on Group Rights 3: 169–195.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nkomazana F (2006) Polygamy and Women within the Cultural Context in Botswana. Scripture 92: 265–279 Nkomazana F (2006) Polygamy and Women within the Cultural Context in Botswana. Scripture 92: 265–279
Zurück zum Zitat Nyamu-Musembi (2002) Are local norms and practices fences or pathways? The example of women’s property rights. In An-Naim, A and Hammond J (eds). Cultural transformation and human rights in African Societies. Zed Books, London and New York. Nyamu-Musembi (2002) Are local norms and practices fences or pathways? The example of women’s property rights. In An-Naim, A and Hammond J (eds). Cultural transformation and human rights in African Societies. Zed Books, London and New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Obermeyer C (1995) A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Reproductive Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 17: 366–381.CrossRef Obermeyer C (1995) A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Reproductive Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 17: 366–381.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Peach L J (2001) Are Women Human? The Promise and Perils of 'Women's rights as Human Rights' in Bell L, Nathan A, Peieg I, Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. Columbia University Press, Columbia. Peach L J (2001) Are Women Human? The Promise and Perils of 'Women's rights as Human Rights' in Bell L, Nathan A, Peieg I, Negotiating Culture and Human Rights. Columbia University Press, Columbia.
Zurück zum Zitat Pearce WB and Kang K (1988) Conceptual Migrations: Understanding travellers' tales for cross-cultural adaptation' in Kim, YY and Gudykunst, WB Cross-cultural adaptation: Current Approaches.Sage Publications, United States. Pearce WB and Kang K (1988) Conceptual Migrations: Understanding travellers' tales for cross-cultural adaptation' in Kim, YY and Gudykunst, WB Cross-cultural adaptation: Current Approaches.Sage Publications, United States.
Zurück zum Zitat Perry M (1998) The Idea of Human Rights: Four Inquires. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Perry M (1998) The Idea of Human Rights: Four Inquires. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Zurück zum Zitat Preis A (1996) Human Rights as a Cultural Practice: An Anthropological Critique. Human Rights Quarterly 18: 286–315CrossRef Preis A (1996) Human Rights as a Cultural Practice: An Anthropological Critique. Human Rights Quarterly 18: 286–315CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Raday F (2003) Culture, religion, and gender. International Journal of Constitutional Law 1: 663–675.CrossRef Raday F (2003) Culture, religion, and gender. International Journal of Constitutional Law 1: 663–675.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rao A (2011) The Politics of Gender and Culture in International Human Rights Discourse. in Dorothy Hodgson (ed) Gender and Culture at the Limits of Rights. University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania. Rao A (2011) The Politics of Gender and Culture in International Human Rights Discourse. in Dorothy Hodgson (ed) Gender and Culture at the Limits of Rights. University of Pennsylvania Press, Pennsylvania.
Zurück zum Zitat Rehman J (2007) The Sharia, Islamic family laws and international human rights law: examining the theory and practice of polygamy and talaq. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 21: 108–127.CrossRef Rehman J (2007) The Sharia, Islamic family laws and international human rights law: examining the theory and practice of polygamy and talaq. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 21: 108–127.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Renteln A (1985) The Unanswered challenge of Relativism and the consequences for Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 7: 514–540CrossRef Renteln A (1985) The Unanswered challenge of Relativism and the consequences for Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly 7: 514–540CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Renteln A (1990) International human rights: universalism versus relativism. Sage Publications, London. Renteln A (1990) International human rights: universalism versus relativism. Sage Publications, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Renteln A (2013) International Human Rights: Universalism versus Cultural Relativism. Quid Pro Books, New Orleans. Renteln A (2013) International Human Rights: Universalism versus Cultural Relativism. Quid Pro Books, New Orleans.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarkin J (2010) Part II Human Rights: How to Better Infuse Gender into the Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review Process? Jindal Global Law Review 2: 172–190. Sarkin J (2010) Part II Human Rights: How to Better Infuse Gender into the Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review Process? Jindal Global Law Review 2: 172–190.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen P (2011) Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights: Lessons, Hope and Expectations Commonwealth Secretariat, London. Sen P (2011) Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights: Lessons, Hope and Expectations Commonwealth Secretariat, London.
Zurück zum Zitat Sloane R (2001) ‘Outrelativising Relativism: A Liberal Defence of the Universality of International Human Rights. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 34: 527–598 Sloane R (2001) ‘Outrelativising Relativism: A Liberal Defence of the Universality of International Human Rights. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 34: 527–598
Zurück zum Zitat Spaak T (2007) Moral Relativism and Human Rights 13 Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 13: 73–91. Spaak T (2007) Moral Relativism and Human Rights 13 Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 13: 73–91.
Zurück zum Zitat Sweeney G and Saito Y (2009) An NGO Assessment of the New Mechanisms of the UN Human Rights Council. Human Rights Law Review 9: 203–223.CrossRef Sweeney G and Saito Y (2009) An NGO Assessment of the New Mechanisms of the UN Human Rights Council. Human Rights Law Review 9: 203–223.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tesón F (1984–1985) International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism. Virginia Journal of International 25: 870–898 Tesón F (1984–1985) International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism. Virginia Journal of International 25: 870–898
Zurück zum Zitat Ulin R (2007) Revisiting Cultural Relativism: Old prospects for a new cultural critique. Anthropological Quarterly 80:803–820.CrossRef Ulin R (2007) Revisiting Cultural Relativism: Old prospects for a new cultural critique. Anthropological Quarterly 80:803–820.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, 217 A (III) UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, 217 A (III)
Zurück zum Zitat UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171 UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171
Zurück zum Zitat UN General Assembly 1996: Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women Thirteenth session: General Assembly - Official Records - Forty-ninth Session Supplement No. 38 (A/49/38) UN General Assembly 1996: Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women Thirteenth session: General Assembly - Official Records - Forty-ninth Session Supplement No. 38 (A/49/38)
Zurück zum Zitat UN General Assembly, ‘Human Rights Council’ (15 March 2006) A/RES/60/251. UN General Assembly, ‘Human Rights Council’ (15 March 2006) A/RES/60/251.
Zurück zum Zitat UN Human Rights Committee, ‘CCPR General Comment No. 28: Article 3 (The Equality of Rights Between Men and Women’ (29 March 2000) CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10. UN Human Rights Committee, ‘CCPR General Comment No. 28: Article 3 (The Equality of Rights Between Men and Women’ (29 March 2000) CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10.
Zurück zum Zitat UN Human Rights Council, Summary prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with paragraph 15(c) of the Annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 - Botswana, 15 September 2008, A/HRC/WG.6/3/BWA/3. UN Human Rights Council, Summary prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with paragraph 15(c) of the Annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 - Botswana, 15 September 2008, A/HRC/WG.6/3/BWA/3.
Zurück zum Zitat UNCEDAW, ‘CEDAW General Recommendation No. 21: Equality in Marriage and Family Relations’ (1994). UNCEDAW, ‘CEDAW General Recommendation No. 21: Equality in Marriage and Family Relations’ (1994).
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Res 5/1 Institution-building of the United Nations Human Rights Council’ (18 June 2007) Annex (A/HRC/RES/5/1) UNHRC ‘Res 5/1 Institution-building of the United Nations Human Rights Council’ (18 June 2007) Annex (A/HRC/RES/5/1)
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its eighth session’ (1 September 2008a) A/HRC/8/52 UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its eighth session’ (1 September 2008a) A/HRC/8/52
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Human Rights Council President, Modalities and Practices for the Universal Periodic Review’ (9 April 2008b) A/HRC/PRST/8/1, para 4 UNHRC, ‘Human Rights Council President, Modalities and Practices for the Universal Periodic Review’ (9 April 2008b) A/HRC/PRST/8/1, para 4
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Ghana’ (29 May 2008c) A/HRC/8/36. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Ghana’ (29 May 2008c) A/HRC/8/36.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Ghana, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (16 June 2008d) A/HRC/8/36/Add.1. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Ghana, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (16 June 2008d) A/HRC/8/36/Add.1.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Botswana’ (13 January 2009a) A/HRC/10/69. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Botswana’ (13 January 2009a) A/HRC/10/69.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Botswana, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (17 March 2009b) A/HRC/10/69/Add.1. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Botswana, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (17 March 2009b) A/HRC/10/69/Add.1.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its tenth session’ (9 November 2009c) A/HRC/10/29 UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its tenth session’ (9 November 2009c) A/HRC/10/29
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Senegal’ (3 March 2009d) A/HRC/11/24. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Senegal’ (3 March 2009d) A/HRC/11/24.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Senegal, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (8 June 2009e) A/HRC/11/24/Add.1. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Senegal, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (8 June 2009e) A/HRC/11/24/Add.1.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Equatorial Guinea’ (4 January 2010a) A/HRC/13/16. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Equatorial Guinea’ (4 January 2010a) A/HRC/13/16.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Madagascar’ (26 March 2010b) A/HRC/14/13. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Madagascar’ (26 March 2010b) A/HRC/14/13.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Turkey’ (17 June 2010c) A/HRC/15/13. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Turkey’ (17 June 2010c) A/HRC/15/13.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Turkey Addendum, Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (15 September 2010d) A/HRC/15/13/Add.1. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Turkey Addendum, Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (15 September 2010d) A/HRC/15/13/Add.1.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Kyrgyzstan’ (16 June 2010e) A/HRC/15/2. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Kyrgyzstan’ (16 June 2010e) A/HRC/15/2.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twelfth session’ (25 February 2010f) A/HRC/12/50 UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twelfth session’ (25 February 2010f) A/HRC/12/50
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Review of the work and functioning of the Human Rights Council’ (12 April 2011a) A/HRC/RES/16/21 (A/HRC/RES/16/21) UNHRC, ‘Review of the work and functioning of the Human Rights Council’ (12 April 2011a) A/HRC/RES/16/21 (A/HRC/RES/16/21)
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Mauritania’ (4 January 2011b) A/HRC/16/17. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Mauritania’ (4 January 2011b) A/HRC/16/17.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Mauritania, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (1 March 2011c) A/HRC/16/17/Add.1. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Mauritania, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (1 March 2011c) A/HRC/16/17/Add.1.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Morocco’ (6 July 2012) A/HRC/21/3 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Morocco’ (6 July 2012) A/HRC/21/3
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its nineteenth session’ (24 May 2013a) A/HRC/19/2 UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its nineteenth session’ (24 May 2013a) A/HRC/19/2
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its nineteenth session’ 2013b A/HRC/19/2 UNHRC ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its nineteenth session’ 2013b A/HRC/19/2
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-first session’ (26 August 2013c) A/HRC/21/2 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-first session’ (26 August 2013c) A/HRC/21/2
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Russian Federation (8 July 2013d) A/HRC/24/14. UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Russian Federation (8 July 2013d) A/HRC/24/14.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Russian Federation Addendum: conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (2 September 2013e) A/HRC/24/14/Add.1 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Russian Federation Addendum: conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (2 September 2013e) A/HRC/24/14/Add.1
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Burkina Faso (8 July 2013f) A/HRC/24/4. UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Burkina Faso (8 July 2013f) A/HRC/24/4.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Equatorial Guinea’ (7 July 2014a) A/HRC/27/13. UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Equatorial Guinea’ (7 July 2014a) A/HRC/27/13.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Equatorial Guinea: Addendum: conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (19 September 2014b) A/HRC/27/13/Add.1 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Equatorial Guinea: Addendum: conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (19 September 2014b) A/HRC/27/13/Add.1
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-seventh session’ (22 December 2014c) A/HRC/27.2 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-seventh session’ (22 December 2014c) A/HRC/27.2
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Democratic Republic of Congo’ (7 July 2014d) A/HRC/27/5. UNHRC, ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Democratic Republic of Congo’ (7 July 2014d) A/HRC/27/5.
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC, ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-fourth session’ (27 January 2014e) A/HRC/24/2 UNHRC, ‘Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-fourth session’ (27 January 2014e) A/HRC/24/2
Zurück zum Zitat UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Madagascar, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (16 February 2015) A/HRC/28/13/Add.1. UNHRC ‘Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Madagascar, Addendum: Views on conclusions and/or recommendations, voluntary commitments and replies presented by the State under review’ (16 February 2015) A/HRC/28/13/Add.1.
Zurück zum Zitat Wassertstron R (1964) Rights, human rights and racial discrimination. Journal of Philosophy 61: 628–641.CrossRef Wassertstron R (1964) Rights, human rights and racial discrimination. Journal of Philosophy 61: 628–641.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat WLUML, 2006, pg. 200 – first article for full citation. WLUML. 2006. Knowing Our Rights – Women, family, Laws and Customs in the Muslim World. 3 Edition. Nottingham: Russell Press WLUML, 2006, pg. 200 – first article for full citation. WLUML. 2006. Knowing Our Rights – Women, family, Laws and Customs in the Muslim World. 3 Edition. Nottingham: Russell Press
Zurück zum Zitat Zwart T (2012) Using Local Culture to Further the Implementation of International Human Rights: The Receptor Approach. Human Rights Quarterly 32: 546–569CrossRef Zwart T (2012) Using Local Culture to Further the Implementation of International Human Rights: The Receptor Approach. Human Rights Quarterly 32: 546–569CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
How ‘Universal’ Is the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review Process? An Examination of the Discussions Held on Polygamy
verfasst von
Gayatri Patel
Publikationsdatum
02.08.2017
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Human Rights Review / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1524-8879
Elektronische ISSN: 1874-6306
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-017-0461-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2017

Human Rights Review 4/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Premium Partner