Induction of Modern Water Distribution Systems in Punjab of Indo-Pak Subcontinent, South Asia During Late Nineteenth Century by British Government

The article reviews the water distribution and management systems in Province Punjab of Indo-Pak subcontinent during British rule in the late nineteenth century with an objective to divulge the scientific development made by them in this sector. The study also infers the impact of up gradation of the existing water system during that era, the detailed construction of city waterworks and presents a paradigm to describe their economic effects. Also the expansion of canal system and its consequences are discussed. During this time period, the innovations in the field of engineering were emerging rapidly in Europe and were implemented in different areas, water extraction and transport being a prominent among them. The water supply systems in late nineteenth century were based on the incorporation of wells as water source, engines for pumping water and pipes for supply purposes. The start of twentieth century was marked by the introduction of tube wells. The article discusses the various aspects of water supply for house hold and drinking purposes as well for irrigation in the light of water distribution techniques.