Integration and Innovation Orient to E-Society Volume 2

To highlight the growth of e-government and the importance of its services it is essential to evaluate the performance of the service delivery to customers. Research indicates that traditional performance indexes are not suitable for this evaluation; moreover, it is noticeable that the e-government services are intangible and invisible. Among different e-government services, measurement of quality government to government (G2G) services has been less attractive for researchers while crucial for government policy-makers. This calls for a better understanding of the specific needs of users of these services in order to provide appropriate type and level of services that meets those needs. In this paper, the performance of the G2G services is measured in the Iranian context. For this purpose, SERVQUAL, which is a well-known method for assessing service quality, is employed. This study proposes and tests a five-factor of SERVQUAL instrument to explain user satisfaction and gap analysis, between expectations and perceptions of its customers, consisting thirty ministries and main governmental organizations. Based on a Chi-square test, factor analysis, gap analysis and correlations, it is concluded the gap between expectations and perceptions of G2G customers is significant and customer satisfaction of G2G services is at low level.

The knowledge service platform is seen as the vital intermediaries in innovation cycle, and for users to locate, exchange and acquire knowledge in a systematic way. It is increasingly recognizing the powerful role that knowledge service platform provide in building a national innovation capacity. The knowledge service platforms in the China’s national innovation system, mostly based on the digital libraries, are supported and constructed by diverse departments and systems. These platforms disperse in construction, have respective division and orientation. However, along with the development of information technology and the revolution of innovation model, the requirements for the reconstruction of knowledge service platform in innovation system are brought forward. In this paper, we analyze the resources integration framework of the existing public service platform, and put forward the architecture of the public knowledge service platform based on collaborative innovation; we also discuss its concrete implementation.

Knowledge sharing is the core of knowledge management. For a knowledge-intensive organization, knowledge sharing plays a very important role in organizational knowledge integration and innovation. However, as many knowledge-intensive organizations do not have good knowledge-sharing platforms and advanced methods, it is very difficult for them to achieve knowledge sharing effectively. Wiki is a kind of new software of knowledge sharing, generated along with the development of web 2.0. It can effectively help organizations achieve internal knowledge sharing. From the necessity and validity of knowledge sharing inside a knowledge-intensive organization, this article discusses the important role of Wiki for knowledge sharing combined the characteristics of it, on the basis of which studies the implementation of Wiki-based knowledge sharing in a knowledge-intensive organization.

Since 2005, the term Web 2.0 has gradually become a hot topic on the Internet. Web 2.0 lets users create web contents as distinct from webmasters or web coders. Web 2.0 has come to our work, our life and even has become an indispensable part of our web-life. Its applications have already been widespread in many fields on the Internet. So far, China has about 137 million netizens [

1

], therefore its Web 2.0 market is so attractive that many sources of venture capital flow into the Chinese Web 2.0 market and there are also a lot of new Web 2.0 companies in China. However, the development of Web 2.0 in China is accompanied by some problems and obstacles. In this paper, we will mainly discuss Web 2.0 applications in China, with their current problems and future development trends.

Web services have become an emerging XML-based approach in network management. And the combination of Web services and Semantic Web, in other words, Semantic Web services, make it possible to add semantic manners to services and automate network monitoring. This paper focuses on the standardization of network monitoring operations from the Semantic Web services’ point of view. During this course, we especially take into account the problems about parameter transmission and operation granularity, and present the considerations about these problems in detail.

Professional service providers are exploiting the web to deliver e-services to a larger but also more diverse client base. This has increased the need for building trust between them and their clients and within the firm itself. In this paper the antecedents of trust are identified and matched against strategies that public accounting practices could adopt to build trust. Eleven antecedents for external relationships ranging from trustworthiness to benevolence are identified. A key strategy is to display information about the firm’s expertise, standards and clients on the website. Trust for internal relationships range from the individual to inter-firm alliances and largely rely on providing technological (Internet) support and information about the firm’s vision and values.

Software testing is an important quality guarantee for software. It is an indispensable stage in software life cycle. After the analysis into the idea of the service-oriented systems, this paper tries to integrate service-oriented thinking with software testing to propose a service-oriented software platform to solve the limitations that exist in actual software testing tools, such as costliness, heterogeneity, lack of expansibility, single function, and so on. Service-oriented software testing platform (SOSTP) adopting a distributed structure separates testing client and server. Logical function of testing services is completed on the server end. It can integrate existing software testing tools, and provide corresponding testing services to the clients. The biggest characteristic of SOSTP is the dynamic deployment of testing service, which enables users to customize testing services dynamically. This platform has high extensity and transparency.

In this era of knowledge economy, knowledge management, the key point of which is externalization of tacit knowledge, has been drawing more and more attention. By using the new concepts and tools emerging after Web 2.0 this paper provides a conceptual model to externalize and utilize of tacit knowledge on the basis of analysis and cogitation of difficult key issues during the process of externalization.

In this paper, by analyzing the coal mine safety accident of present stage, the author has come to a conclusion that the safe accidents on coalface accounting for a lot of coal mine safety accident, and has brought forward the cause leading to this phenomenon. Then, through the discussion about “Overlying Strata Movement Law”, this author has suggested that Electronic Business can be used for the coal mine to prevent and control safe accident on coalface, and has given out the operating pattern of Electronic Business innovatively. This conclusions are most instructive to Chinese coal mine in managing safe accident on coalface and innovative for application of Electronic Business in coal mine safety.

This paper provides a way of HTTP authentication On Alcatel OmniSwitch 9700. Authenticated VLANs control user access to network resources based on VLAN assignment and user authentication. The user can be authenticated through the switch via any standard Web browser software. Web browser client displays the username and password prompts. Then a way for HTML forms can be given to pass HTTP authentication data when it’s submitted. A radius server will provide a database of user information that the switch checks whenever it tries to authenticate through the switch. Before or after authentication, the client can get an address from a Dhcp server.

These days, Web services, which are based on XML and consist of several XML-related technologies, have been emerging as a promising technology, and it seems that Web services may be used in the field of network management. In this paper, we examine Web services as a XML-based approach to network management. Since Web services are a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) more than just a set of technologies, it could be used in XML-based network management, not only at the technology level, but also at the architecture level, which has many remarkable advantages and may be more effective in network management along with the concepts of Peer-to-Peer and Point-to-Point, in order to make a better use of its capability. Correspondingly, two models are presented to further demonstrate the potential of Web services in XML-based network management.

In recent years, cell phones have played an increasingly important role in rapidly-developing global telecommunication services. At present, mobile business develops very fast. However, the development in other mobile service fields, such as public service, mobile medical service, etc, is still in its infant stage. Drawing on the experience of the ‘doctor workstation project’ which is cooperated by Renmin University of China and Norway Fredskorps Corporation, this paper discusses the research and implementation of the Doctor Workstation System based on cell phone mobile platform. From the practice of the Doctor Workstation System, the paper advances a conceptual model of public medical service system based-on cell phone mobile platform.

One urgent problem in E-government service is to improve service efficiency through breaking information islands while constructing integrated service systems. Web Service provides a set of standards for the provision of functionality over the Web, and Web Service descriptions are pure syntactic instead of semantic content. Semantic Web provides interoperability from syntactic level to semantic one not only for human users but also for software agents. Semantic Web and Intelligent Agent are highly complementary, and the existing technologies have made their unification quite feasible, which brings about a good opportunity to the development of E-government. Based on Semantic Web and Intelligent Agent technologies an integrated service model of E-government is suggested in this paper.

E-commerce has significantly changed the distribution channels of travel products in the world including China. Online channels are growing important in travel service distribution. In China tourism industry has been developed rapidly with the economic development, more and more international travel service providers are trying to expand their Chinese market through the Internet. This paper sheds lights on the e-commerce development models in China for international travel service providers. It explores the current e-tourism in China from the three different participants in the value chain in tourism industry - consumer, travel agent and travel service provider. The paper also identifies the barriers in B2C arena in international outbound travel market, and discusses the possible approaches for international travel service providers to develop their e-commerce in the huge Chinese market. The results in this study reveal that international travel service providers should focus on B2B model to expand their electronic market in China. B2C development in tourism largely depends on the change of Chinese customers’ behavior and the change of international tourism regulations. The findings of the study are expected to assist international travel service providers to understand current e-tourism in China and to support their planning for future e-commerce development in China.

With the wide adoption of e-commerce in travel and tourism industry, the Internet has become an important travel service delivery channel, and traditional travel agency has been under severe disintermediation threat. This paper reports on a survey conducted to explore the Chinese consumer’s current usage of the Internet as the channel to search travel information and to book travel services. It also investigates customer’s future intentions on using the Internet to book travel services. This paper aims to examine whether there are difference between different consumer segments in terms of gender and age, and to find the hypothesis of disintermediation or intermediation in travel industry. The results indicates that online travel service delivery has grown as a popular direct distribution channel in travel industry, but more of the customers still turn to the traditional travel agencies, which support both the disintermediation and intermediation in travel industry. The results also reveal that online travel services provided by travel service providers still need to be improved since the number of online bookers is declined. This paper concludes by discussing the limitation of this study and highlighting areas for the future research in online travel service field.

The paper gives an illustration on the concept, features, functioning and other basic problems of institutional repositories and establishes the concept model of institutional repositories. An analysis of the six major momentum factors determining the institutional repositories development and the interaction of the impetus factors of institutional repositories development are also touched upon.

Mobile commerce (MC) refers to e-commerce activities carried out using a mobile device such as a phone or PDA. With new technology, MC will be rapidly growing in the near future. At the present time, what factors making consumer accept MC and what MC applications are acceptable by consumers are two of hot issues both for MC providers and f or MC researchers. This study presents a proposed MC acceptance model that integrates perceived playfulness, perceived risk and cost into the TAM to study which factors affect consumer MC acceptance. The proposed model includes five variables, namely perceived risk, cost, perceived usefulness, perceived playfulness, perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness. Then, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate weight of criteria involved in proposed model. Finally, the study utilizes fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate MC applications accepted possibility, and then a MC application is empirically tested using data collected from a survey of MC consumers.

Despite the extensive interest in trust within information systems (IS) and e-commerce disciplines, only few studies examine trust in the post-adoption phase of the customer relationship. Not only gaining new customers by increasing adoption, but also keeping the existing ones loyal, is largely considered important for e-business success. This paper scrutinizes the role of trust in customer loyalty, focusing on B2C e-services by conducting a three-sectional literature review stemming from IS, e-commerce and marketing. The key findings of this study are: 1. Literature discussing the role of trust after the adoption phase is relatively scarce and fragmented 2. In the empirical testing trust is mostly viewed as a monolith 3. Quantitative research methods dominate the field 4. Since trust may play a role during the whole relationship, also dynamic ways to scrutinize trust would be appropriate. Implications of these findings are discussed and ideas for further research suggested.

Open access movement has resulted in a change of the entire scholarly communication environment. Scholarly information service system (SISS) had a significant change which is represented in the emergency of various open access publishing mode and diversification of integrated value-added service providers. This paper analyzed this change, and discussed how academic library should react to the change; also some possible impacts on scientific communication were discussed.

In ad hoc networks, relay nodes use their limited resources such as battery capacity, CPU, buffer, etc. to support other nodes’ communications. This discourages users from joining an ad hoc network and becoming a relay node. Receiving a reward for supporting relay may encourage users to join such networks. This research focuses on the factors of residual battery power, and time during which AC power supply is not available. In this paper, the willingness to receive reward for relay in ad hoc networks is investigated by questionnaire survey. The relation between such factors and the willingness to receive rewards for relay is analysed quantitatively and models of willingness to receive reward for relay are estimated.

In this paper, a keyword extraction based model is proposed to deal with web advertisement. In our model, we take web advertisement as an information retrieval problem. Web page and advertisement are firstly represented with a simple data structure which will be the source file for keyword extraction based on

x

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-measure for single document. Later we get two vectors to make a retrieval process with a specific similarity function. This model is suitable for common cases of web advertisement. It supports the web page selection in view of advertisement as well as the advertisement selection for specific web page.

With the rapid development of E-Commerce, the audiences put forward higher requirements on personalized Internet advertisement than before. The main function of Personalized Advertising System is to provide the most suitable advertisements for anonymous users on Web sites. The paper offers a personalized Internet advertisement recommendation model. By mining the audiences’ historical and current behavior, and the advertisers’ and publisher’s web site content, etc, the system can recommend appropriate advertisements to corresponding audiences.

During the combination of knowledge and capital, science and technology intermediaries are demanded to provide information integration services. Science and technology intermediaries play an important role in quickening the commercialization of research findings, developing new and high technology industry, and promoting regional scientific and technological innovations. With the influences of the computer age on science and technology information services as the starting point, the thesis makes a large-scale survey of websites of state and provincial comprehensive science and technology intermediaries, and based on this, the overall framework of scientific and technological information integration services under the E-environment is established, and furthermore, the functions and structures of different subsystems are systemically analyzed in the modes of scientific and technological information integration services.

The ICT industry and services are on the verge of substituting quality of service and utility functions with quality of experience, QoE. While intuitive, QoE, has eluded the research community. QoE takes into account what the user is experiencing with new products and services. Once this information is collected, it becomes an input in the development of the new product or new service. But how does one measure directly quality of experience? In this conceptual paper, I discuss from an ICT perspective, the utility function and quality of service, QoS. I also present how active interested the industry is in QoE. I concluded with some key points that may serve as a guideline in the process of constructing the QoE function.

With the growing numbers of the elderly population, the society is face to face with a set of new problems, namely the lack of resources to assist their living in a noble mode. Nevertheless, with the use of new computational technologies and novel methodologies for problem solving, some solutions to these problems are emerging (e.g., remote sensing/assistance/supervision). Therefore, it is our goal to show that under such scenarios, it is possible to bring into play different interconnected virtual organizations, through which will be provided to the population, in general, and the elderly, in particular, a number of services (e.g., healthcare, entertainment, learning), without delocalization or messing up with their routine.

Subject based information gateways (SBIGs) aim at providing professional quality-assured information resources and multifold e-services. However, since the information resources construction of SBIGs has gained lots of acclamations, much attention should be paid on e-services to attract users. Only through expedient services provided by SBIGs, can users be faithful supporters. But e-services of them have infrequently been discussed, so we looks into e-Services of ten major SBIGs in the world, with focus on their browse, search and value-added information services. The e-service in SBIGs are uneven, most of them lack in efficient services. Based on the investigation and analyses, the paper concludes with some suggestions using theories of user-centered and service-centered for improving e-services in SBIGs. The methodologies of investigation, analysis, comparison, case study and statistics are used to do this research.

For every organization, the management information system is not only a computer-based human-machine system that can support and help the administrative supervisor but also an open technology system for society. It should supply the interaction function that face the organization and environment, besides gather, transmit and save the information. The authors starts with the intension of contingency theory and design a web-based management information system for academic degree & graduate education which is based on analyzing of work flow of domestic academic degree and graduate education system. What’s more, the application of the system is briefly introduced in this paper.

Prior research on inter-organizational information systems has focused primarily on dyadic network relationships, where agreements about information exchange are made between two organizations. The focus of this research is on the processes through which IT decisions are made within larger inter-organizational networks with several network parties. The research draws from network theories in organization science to identify three alternative mechanisms for making network level commitments: contracts, rules and values. In addition, theoretical concepts are searched from dynamic network models, which identify different cycles and stages in network evolution. The empirical research was conducted in two networks. The first one comprises of four municipalities which began collaboration in the deployment of IT in early childhood education (ECE). The second network involves a case where several organizations, both private and public, initiated a joint effort to implement a national level electronic prescription system (EPS). The frameworks and concepts drawn from organizational theories are used to explain success of the first case and the failure of the latter case. The paper contributes to prior IOS research by providing a new theory-based framework for the analysis of early stages of building organizational networks around innovative IT initiatives.

Knowledge Management Platform plays an important role in helping spread knowledge of individuals or groups across organizations. Many current knowledge management platforms met with deficiencies of poor tacit knowledge exploitation, slow knowledge update, limited knowledge sharing and weak user participation. This paper attempts to find solutions to those problems by integrating Web2.0 with knowledge management, and design a Web2.0-based Knowledge Management Platform. A Web2.0-based knowledge management model is put forth, and the framework and technology architecture of our platform has also been researched.

Basing on the integration of two models, RBAC and TBAC, an access control model called Role-Task Based Access Control (R&TBAC) is given, which takes two parts as combining sites, one is the role and trustee, the other is the role permission assignment and trustee permissions. A set of fundamental conceptions, a series of authorization processes, a formalized description and some modeling tools about this model are given. This model has both intuitionistic and dynamic characteristics. It also has some other advantages, such as economical for memory space, convenient to maintain and control etc.

Technological innovation risks of China’s e-Services include such factors as policy, economy, technology, market and resources. Based on analyzing the above factors, the Article has designed the assessment system for technological innovation risk of China’s e-Services, discussed on the assessment method of analytical matrix and proposed the particular measures for preventing China’s e-Services technological innovation risk.

In order to solve the decision question with incomplete information and uncertainty of risk factors during the risk decision, the concept of reduced lattice is introduced into project risk management in this paper, then the default rule mining model based on the combination of rough set and reduced lattice is constructed, and created a series of subsystems from the known decision system at different reduced levels, then form a reduced lattice, and then deduce its own rule set at each reduced lattice. At last, an example is introduced to demonstrate the method and model above detailed.

In the research of Web Service [

1

,

2

], semantic information should be automatically discovered, selected and composed. These automations can make usage of Web Service easily. In this paper we propose a framework to facilitate the discovery of Web Service. In this framework, we use WSDRI (Web Service Discovery Information) to describe the semantic information. This framework which refers to client and Match Server is based on WSDRI. Then we evaluate the framework through the application on the internet to find that the framework is effective. Following this framework, it could be easy to discover the information of Web Service especially the semantic information.

As technology has improved and collaborative software has been developed, virtual teams with geographically dispersed members spread across diverse physical locations have become increasingly prominent. Virtual team is supported by advancing communication technologies, which makes virtual teams able to largely transcend time and space. Virtual teams have changed the corporate landscape, which are more complex and dynamic than traditional teams since the members of virtual teams are spread on diverse geographical locations and their roles in the virtual team are different. Therefore, how to realize good governance of virtual team and arrive at good virtual team performance is becoming critical and challenging. Good virtual team governance is essential for a high-performance virtual team. This paper explores the performance and the governance mechanism of virtual team. It establishes a model to explain the relationship between the performance and the governance mechanisms in virtual teams. This paper is focusing on managing virtual teams. It aims to find the strategies to help business organizations to improve the performance of their virtual teams and arrive at the objectives of good virtual team management.

In recent years we are witnessing enormous development of e-government, which has brought about great changes in our society. This study examines the relationship between the levels of e-government and the quality of government information access, pointing out that e-government principles are based on the assumption that government information should be accessed among all kinds of organizations. In contrast to government webs’ rapid growth, the low quality of government information access has been a dilemma which impacts the usability and efficiency of e-government. This paper also analyzes blocking factors about information access in China, draw a conclusion that on-line government information access should be the key factor of e-government which steps should be taken to enhance accessibility to government information.

Existed methods for automatic web services composition based on output and input matching are limited to deal with simple Composition Request (CR) which can only be satisfied by linear composition plan, but complicated CR asks for netty plan because the structure of netty plan can be complicated enough to deal with complicated problem while the structure of linear plan is too simple to do that. In order to overcome the shortcoming of the existed methods, a new algorithm is proposed in this paper which can deal with not only simple CR but also complicated CR. A web services connection matrix is used in the proposed algorithm. This matrix is constructed based on the services which participate in a composition to express all output and input matching relations among services. With this matrix, both simple CR and complicated CR can be processed.

Information systems nowadays are growing and changing with a high speed. The flourish of system applications and participators imply opportunities and enthusiasm. Knowledge of the systems’ evolution will be important to grasp the trend and so find a direction in the new era. To study the complicated and fast changing web environment, the article refers to ecological analysis. Two evolving models, agent emergence model and system integrated model, are studied. The evolving pattern of typical web applications is studied. According to the analysis, some potential opportunities are declared. Then collaborative structure of web components in integrated systems is analyzed based on network perspective. Popularity of web components and cluster structure of integrated systems, as well as their meanings, are discussed.

E-Learning environments designated to facilitate long-distance learning are gaining popularity. Pervasive computing has a great potential for many next-generation IT applications. This paper describes pervasive computing system design and implementation for Mandarin e-learning. We propose a Human-centered Pervasive Computing System Model (HPC) and Layered Architecture Analysis and Design Method (LAAD). Based on the HPC model and LAAD method, a pervasive computing based Mandarin e-learning system is designed and implemented. Its design and implementation issues are discussed in details.

In order to carry out e-commerce better, advanced technologies to access business information are in need urgently. An agent is described to deal with the problems of extracting internet information that caused by the non-standard and skimble-scamble structure of Chinese websites. The agent designed includes three modules which respond to the process of extracting information separately. A method of HTTP tree and a kind of Lead algorithm is proposed to generate a lead order, with which the required web can be retrieved easily. How to transform the extracted information structuralized with natural language is also discussed.

The current popular methods of organizing and searching of governmental information resources was analyzed under the circumstance of building Practical e-government integrating website, in this paper, and its metadata was also discussed. In order to solve the problem of information segregate, the framework of e-governmental information resources management was proposed by using metadata. Furthermore, a prototype of governmental information resources registration and directory service system has been developed.

This paper proposes an approach for web services composition based on domain ontology and discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm. This method builds an optimized graph for service composition based on domain ontology and its reasoning capability, and then a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the graph is proposed to accomplish service composition. The simulation results show that it can produce good results, especially when the amount of web services is large.

The emergence of information technology has provided a powerful hand for personal knowledge management, thus the personal knowledge management goes on more convenient and feasible. This paper gave the summary of personal knowledge management as well as social software, and then analyzed the characteristic of applying social software in personal knowledge management from the explicit and tacit knowledge perspective, finally gave a model of applying social software in personal knowledge management.

In the distant education, the learning of internet curriculum is widespread concerned by people. In order to promote internet curriculum learning, completing task cooperatively is the effective learning manner. In this article, writer expounds the concept of collaborative learning, and explains the implementing structural flow diagram of collaborative learning on internet curriculum. At last, writer analyzes the practice steps on collaborative learning concretely which are based on

The expanding of Junior middle school scientific curriculum

.

Interoperability has been regarded as a major issue in implementing e-Government systems. In this paper, a service grid based framework for the interoperability — eGovGrid, is proposed, which facilitates “horizontal” resource sharing and interoperability among “vertical” e-Government subsystems. Key concepts and technologies include an ontology-based e-Government service metadata model, a service repository serving as a virtual pool of heterogeneous e-Government services, and corresponding architecture. The effectiveness of eGovGrid in constructing e-Government systems is demonstrated with a real case.

Information on patient’s medication is often vital especially when patient’s condition is critical. However, the information does not yet move freely between different health care units and organizations. Before reaching the point of putting into practice any system that makes the inter-organizational medication information transmission possible, some prerequisites and characteristics of the information in different user organization should be defined. There are for instance units with different level of urgency and data/information intensity (e.g. emergency department vs. medical floor). The higher the urgency level, the more vulnerable the medication information flow is to different discontinuation situations. As a conceptual framework, a scoring system based on the asset specificity in the transaction cost theory and previous literacy on information flows of different health care units is created to define the vulnerability of the information flows. As there is a national medication database under planning, the scoring system could be used to assess the prerequisites for the medication database in Finland.

Increasing number of governmental organizations have transformed material on their web sites as a way of providing users with information about their products and services. In this paper, we apply Yang et al (2005) instrument for analyzing municipal early childhood education (ECE) web sites in Finland. The objective of the study was to find out the quality of ECE web portals as well as to give hints to improve their value from users’ point of view. In general the five dimensions, usability, usefulness of content, adequacy of information, accessibility, and interaction, of the Yang et al model seems to be applicable also in the early childhood education environment.

This article embarked from the e-government affairs and the collaboration theory, has discussed the meaning of intelligent and collaborative control for E-government system, and proposed the intelligent and collaborative E-government system.

The rapid development of information and communication technologies has given rise to the emerging of the e -government. Various approaches have been adopted to evaluate the e-government. This paper suggests the Balanced Scoreboard approach and attempts to devise a systematic evaluation framework.

Improving customer satisfaction degree is important in e-Education. This paper describes a new approach to adaptive e-Education taking into account the full spectrum of Web service techniques and activities. It presents a multi-agents architecture based on artificial psychology techniques, which makes the e-Education process both adaptable and dynamic, and hence up-to-date. Knowledge base techniques are used to support the e-Education process, and artificial psychology techniques to deal with user psychology, which makes the e-Education system more effective and satisfying.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology for automated identification of objects and people. RFID systems have been gaining more popularity in areas especially in supply chain management and automated identification systems. However, there are many existing and potential problems in the RFID systems which could threat the technology’s future. To successfully adopt RFID technology in various applications, we need to develop the solutions to protect the RFID system’s data information. This study investigates important issues related to privacy and security of RFID based on the recent literature and suggests solutions to cope with the problem.

Government transcends all sectors in a society. It provides not only the legal, political and economic infrastructure to support other sectors, but also exerts significant influence on the social factors that contribute to their development. With its maturity of technologies and management, e-government will eventually enter into the time of ‘one-stop’ services. Among others, the technology of Web services is the major contributor to this achievement. Web services provides a new way of standard-based software technology, letting programmers combine existing computer system in new ways over the Internet within one business or across many, and would thereby bring about profound and far-reaching impacts on e-government. This paper introduced the business modes of e-government, architecture of dynamic e-government and its key technologies. Finally future prospect of dynamic e-government was also briefly discussed.

This paper reported an international survey of library, information science (LIS), computer science faculty and websites, regarding digital libraries courses and curriculum at our institutions. We concluded that few universities currently offer courses on digital libraries while many universities have not developed Digital Library (DL) courses, even they are aware of the need to develop curriculum in this growing area of research and practice. The major aim of the paper is to present results from a survey on the current state of digital library education (DLE) in academic institutions. Additionally we examine the rationale and orientation for digital library education. We suggest several models that have emerged in the teaching of DLE and in incorporation of relevant topics into various curricula.

In role-based access control (RBAC) permissions are associated with roles, and users are made members of appropriate roles thereby acquiring the roles’ permissions. The principal motivation behind RBAC is to simplify administration. An appealing possibility is to use RBAC itself to manage RBAC, to further provide administrative convenience. In this paper we investigate one aspect of RBAC administration concerning assignment of users to roles. We define a role-based administrative model, called URA (User-Role Assignment), for this purpose and describe its implementation in the Oracle database management system. Although our model is quite different from that built into Oracle, we demonstrate how to use Oracle stored procedures to implement it.

International Digital Divide is an imbalance state of ICT penetration between countries. This paper analyzes the current status and trends of international digital divide, adopts Gompertz technology diffusion model to verify the determinants of ICT penetration level and diffusion rate separately. Finally, China should use “policy levers” to strengthen international trade cooperation, improve the capability of independent innovation, and achieve Chinese goal of bridging digital divide.

With the realization that knowledge is a core resource, organizations are now attempting to manage knowledge in a more systematic and more effective way. However, managing knowledge is not always an easy task. In particular contexts, such as online e-education, knowledge is distributed across both time and space and may be constrained by social, cultural and language differences. This paper demonstrated the common characters of knowledge management and e-education, and proposed the current potential problems in e-education. The authors tried to develop a set of guidelines to help overcome problems using tools and techniques from KM, they proposed three strategies: corporate explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge; use the theory of KM to guide e-education resource management; use the theory of KM to guide e-education resource management. These strategies will help us to develop a better e-education framework.

Spontaneous Group Learning is a concept to form and facilitate face-to-face, ad-hoc learning groups in collaborative settings. We show how to use Ambient Intelligence to identify, support, and initiate group processes. Learners’ positions are determined by widely used technologies, e.g., Bluetooth and WLAN. As a second step, learners’ positions, tasks, and interests are visualized. Finally, a group process is initiated supported by relevant documents and services. Our solution is a starting point to develop new didactical solutions for collaborative processes.

Global electronic markets, virtual organisations, virtual identities, virtual products and services, and Internet-related crime are growing in prominence and importance. In a world that is increasingly non-physical and borderless, what are government’s roles, responsibilities and limitations? The Internet plays a central role within the transformation process from traditional governments towards modern and innovative government that the requirements of an Information Society. Based on the findings of the eGovRTD2020 project, that aims at identifying key research challenges and at implementing a model for a holistic government with horizon 2020, this paper explains the necessity to investigate and understand the Internet and in particular government’s role and responsibilities in it. Furthermore, the paper provides a research roadmap that details how to address certain issue related research questions.

The booming web technology stimulates computer-based e-education which is considered to be an appropriate lifelong education approach in this era due to the spatial and temporal convenience. In this paper we propose a service-oriented agent e-education framework based on the next generation web, viz. semantic web. Compared with the framework on which the e-education performs now, this new framework has many advanced properties due to the use of intelligent agents and is expected to perform an automated style for the future education.

Web usage mining has been a major component of management strategy to enhance organizational analysis and decision. The literature on Web usage mining that deals with strategies and technologies for effectively employing Web usage mining is quite vast. In recent years, E-government has received much attention from researchers and practitioners. Huge amounts of user access data are produced in Electronic government Web site everyday. The role of these data in the success of government management cannot be overstated because they affect government analysis, prediction, strategies, tactical, operational planning and control. Web usage miming in E-government has an important role to play in setting government objectives, discovering citizen behavior, and determining future courses of actions. Web usage mining in E-government has not received adequate attention from researchers or practitioners. We developed a framework to promote a better understanding of the importance of Web usage mining in E-government. Using the current literature, we developed the framework presented herein, in hopes that it would stimulate more interest in this important area.

Increased access to medical information can lead to information overload among both the employees in the healthcare sector as well as among healthcare consumers. Moreover, medical information can be hard to understand for consumers who have no prerequisites for interpreting and understanding it. Information systems (e.g. electronic patient records) are normally designed to meet the demands of one professional group, for instance those of physicians. Therefore, the same information in the same form is presented to all the users of the systems regardless of the actual need or prerequisites. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the differences in information needs across different stakeholders in healthcare. A literature review was conducted to collect examples of these different information needs. Based on the findings the role of more user specific information systems is discussed.

Job insecurity has become an important issue for society and organizations in the last decades due to uncertain economic conditions, global competition, and the advancement of information technology. As job insecurity have detrimental consequences for employees and organizations, it is vital to identify variables that could buffer against the negative effects of job insecurity. In this study, we examined the moderating effect of Leader-member exchange on the relation between job insecurity and organizational commitment. Data collected from 314 employees indicated that the negative relationship between qualitative insecurity and affective commitment was alleviated as Leader-member exchange increased. Furthermore, the positive relation between quantitative insecurity and continuance commitment decreased as Leader-member exchange increased.

The virtual learning community is an important application pattern of E-Learning. It emphasizes the cooperation of the members in the community, the members would like to share their learning resources, to exchange their experience and complete the study task together. This instructional mode has already been proved as an effective way to improve the quality and efficiency of instruction. At the present time, the virtual learning communities are mostly designed using static access control policy by which the access permission rights are authorized by the super administrator, the super administrator assigns different rights to different roles, but the virtual and social characteristics of virtual learning community make information sharing and collaboration a complex problem, the community realizes its instructional goal only if the members in it believe that others will offer the knowledge they owned and believe the knowledge others offered is well-meaning and worthy. This paper tries to constitute an effective trust mechanism, which could promise favorable interaction and lasting knowledge sharing.

Application of information technologies (IT) in the field of audit is worth studying. Continuous auditing (CA) is an active research domain in computer-assisted audit field. In this paper, the concept of continuous auditing is analyzed firstly. Then, based on analysis on research literatures of continuous auditing, technique realization methods are classified into embedded mode and separate mode. According to the condition of implementing online auditing in China, data-oriented online auditing (DOOA) used in China is also one of separate mode of continuous auditing. And the principle of DOOA is analyzed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of DOOA are also discussed. Finally, advices to implement DOOA in China are given, and the future research topics related to continuous auditing are also discussed.

Web information resource evaluation (website evaluation) becomes more and more important, as the web information resources become larger and more complex. Thus, a lot of theory and methods have been developed to evaluate websites. In this paper, the author analyzes the primary methods applied currently in the evaluation of the web information resource and points out the main problems in this area from the perspectives of qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, synthetic evaluation and automatic evaluation, after making an in-depth and comprehensive research of the literature and evaluation tools at home and abroad. Furthermore, the paper concludes that the evaluation of information resource on the Internet should take the internal and external characteristics into consideration, in the meantime, the paper puts forward a system architecture scheme of the automatic website evaluation based on the usability engineering.

Starting from the belief that e-inclusion should be the strategic choice, and full engagement of every citizen is the key to the success and healthy development of e-society, this paper puts forward that “Information Commons” model can be applied to a larger target group: the disadvantaged citizens for their information rights and e-literacy education. Three IC applications: residents’ community IC, public library IC, and government agency IC are discussed.

The paper describes a support tool for learners engaged in e-learning, the Personal Digital Library (PDL). The characteristics and functionality of the PDL are presented. Suggested steps for constructing and managing a PDL are outlined and discussed briefly. The authors believe that the PDL as a support tool of e-learning will be important and essential in the future.

Transit OD matrix is of vital importance when planning urban transit system. Traditional transit OD matrix constructing method needs a large range of spot check survey. It is expensive and needs long cycle time to process information. Recently transit IC card charging systems have been widely applied in big cities. Being processed reasonably, transit passenger information stored in IC card database can turn into information resource. It will reduce survey cost a lot. The concept of transit trip chain is put forward in this paper. According to the characteristics of closed transit trip chain, it discusses how to process IC card information and construct transit OD matrix. It also points out that urban transit information platform and data warehouse should be constructed, and how to integrate IC card information.

In order to meet the needs of developing E-government, E-government integrated information services are proposed in this paper. First, we define E-government integrated information services. Second, we explore E-government integrated information service patterns. Third, we construct an E-government integrated information service platform. Finally, we give some suggestions on developing E-government integrated information services. This paper enriches the notion of E-government integrated information services, improves E-government information services and provides a practical solution for government applications.

The Chinese government is pursuing e-learning policies which makes job-training with a knowledge-based society. To explain more fully the important role of the e-learning environment, this article undertakes some typical examples of the governments’ job-training under e-learning environment. The main problems in servants’ job-training in China are the low quantity in the servants’ training, short of restriction, the uniform manner in the training and less fairness and availability of opportunities for educational training. In order to develop the e-learning system, the civil servant’s job-training policies are provided and the measures of the effective e-learning system are designed.

The study about online consumer loyalty is limited, but how to evaluate the customers’ E-loyalty to a sales website is always a noticeable question. By using some methods of fuzzy mathematics, we provide a more accurate way to evaluate E-loyalty of sales website. Moreover, this method can differentiate level and degree of each factor that influences E-loyalty.

This paper will propose a whole new viewpoint about building a CSPMS(Coal-mine Safety Production Management System) by means of information technology. This system whose core part is a four-grade automatic triggered warning system achieves the goal that information transmission will be smooth, nondestructive and in time. At the same time, the system provides a comprehensive and collective technology platform for various Public Management Organizations and coal-mine production units to deal with safety management, advance warning, unexpected incidents, preplan implementation, and resource deployment at different levels. The database of this system will support national related industry’s resource control, plan, statistics, tax and the construction of laws and regulations effectively.

Competitive Intelligence (CI) plays an increasingly important role in the strategic management and decision-making of enterprises. Adequate and timely information is the necessity of CI which makes the gathering information very import activities in CI. Web2.0 introduced many new types of applications for users to express their thoughts easily and quickly. In the view of CI, Web2.0 paved new ways and channels for gathering information. This article surveys the applications of Web2.0 relative to CI, and explores approaches of gathering information for CI through Web2.0. Four of applications of Web2.0 (Blog, Wiki, SNS, and RSS ) are discussed for CI use in detail.