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2023 | Buch

Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Physical-Layer Security Communications Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Physical-Layer Security

verfasst von: Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Buchreihe : Wireless Networks

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book discusses the problems of Physical Layer Security (PLS) in Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-assisted wireless networks.

It also discusses the corresponding methods to solve these problems in a comprehensive style. Furthermore, some potential challenges are well analyzed.

This book is divided into 11 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the propagation characteristics of IRS-aided PLS communications. From Chapter 2 to Chapter 10,

The authors mainly provide deep investigations of different PLS problems of IRS-aided wireless networks, namely, directional modulation (DM) networks. Chapter 11 draws a conclusion and includes the future research directions.

Researchers working in wireless communications, or advanced-level computer science or electrical engineering students, can learn about secure communication in the physical layer through our book.

Professionals or engineers working in this field will also benefit from this book.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Physical-Layer Security Communications
Abstract
The broadcast nature of wireless communication systems makes wireless transmission extremely susceptible to eavesdropping and even malicious interference. Physical layer security technology can effectively protect the private information sent by the transmitter from being listened to by illegal eavesdroppers, thus ensuring the privacy and security of communication between the transmitter and legitimate users. Thus, the main design goal of physical layer security is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper by using well-designed transmission schemes. The development of mobile communication presents new challenges to physical layer security research.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 2. Enhanced Secrecy Rate Maximization for Directional Modulation Networks via IRS
Abstract
IRS is of low-cost and energy-efficiency and will be a promising technology for the future wireless communications like sixth generation. To address the problem of conventional DM that Alice only transmits single confidential bit stream (CBS) to Bob with multiple antennas in a LoS channel in this chapter, IRS is proposed to create friendly multipaths for DM such that two confidential bit streams (CBSs) can be transmitted from Alice to Bob. This will significantly enhance the secrecy rate (SR) of DM. To maximize the SR (Max-SR), a general non-convex optimization problem is formulated with the unit-modulus constraint of IRS phase-shift matrix (PSM), and the general alternating iterative (GAI) algorithm is proposed to jointly obtain the transmit beamforming vectors (TBVs) and PSM by alternately optimizing one and fixing another. To reduce its high complexity, a low-complexity iterative algorithm for Max-SR is proposed by placing the constraint of null-space (NS) on the TBVs, called NS projection (NSP). Here, each CBS is transmitted separately in the NSs of other CBS and AN channels. Simulation results show that the SRs of the proposed GAI and NSP can approximately double that of IRS-based DM with single CBS for massive IRS in the high signal-to-noise ratio region.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 3. High-Performance Estimation of Jamming Covariance Matrix for IRS-Aided Directional Modulation Network with a Malicious Attacker
Abstract
In this chapter, we investigate the anti-jamming problem of a DM system with the aid of IRS. As an efficient tool to combat malicious jamming, receive beamforming (RBF) is usually designed by using the statistical properties of the jamming received by Bob. Thus, it is very necessary to estimate the receive jamming covariance matrix (JCM) at Bob. To achieve a precise JCM estimation, three JCM estimation methods, including eigenvalue decomposition (EVD), parametric estimation method by gradient descend (PEM-GD) and parametric estimation method by alternating optimization (PEM-AO), are proposed. Here, the proposed EVD is derived according to the rank-2 constraint of JCM. The PEM-GD method fully explores the structure features of JCM and the PEM-AO is proposed to decrease the computational complexity of the former via dimensionality reduction. The simulation results show that the proposed three methods perform better than directly using sample covariance matrix. Additionally, the proposed PEM-GD and PEM-AO outperform EVD method and the clutter and disturbance covariance estimator Rank-constrained maximum likelihood (RCML).
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 4. Beamforming and Power Allocation for Double-IRS-Aided Two-Way Directional Modulation Network
Abstract
To improve the information exchange rate between Alice and Bob in traditional two-way directional modulation (TWDM) network, a new double-IRS-aided TWDM network is proposed in this chapter. To achieve the low-complexity transmitter design, two analytical precoders, one closed-form method of adjusting the IRS phase-shifting matrices, and semi-iterative power allocation (PA) strategy of maximizing secrecy sum rate (SSR) are proposed.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 5. Beamforming and Transmit Power Design for Intelligent Reconfigurable Surface-Aided Secure Spatial Modulation
Abstract
In this book chapter, an IRS-aided SSR is proposed, where the IRS perform passive beamforming and information transfer simultaneously by adjusting the on-off states of the reflecting elements. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the average SR by jointly optimizing the passive beamforming at IRS and the transmit power at transmitter under the consideration that the direct pathes channels from transmitter to receivers are obstructed by obstacles.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 6. IRS-Aided Covert Wireless Communications with Delay Constraint
Abstract
In this chapter, we examine the performance gain achieved by deploying an IRS in covert communications. To this end, we formulate the joint design of the transmit power and the IRS reflection coefficients by taking into account the communication covertness for the cases with global CSI and without a warden’s instantaneous CSI. For the case of global CSI, we first prove that perfect covertness is achievable with the aid of the IRS even for a single-antenna transmitter, which is impossible without an IRS. Then, we develop a penalty successive convex approximation (PSCA) algorithm to tackle the design problem. Considering the high complexity of the PSCA algorithm, we further propose a low-complexity two-stage algorithm, where analytical expressions for the transmit power and the IRS’s reflection coefficients are derived. For the case without the warden’s instantaneous CSI, we first derive the covertness constraint analytically facilitating the optimal phase shift design. Then, we consider three hardware-related constraints on the IRS’s reflection amplitudes and determine their optimal designs together with the optimal transmit power. Our examination shows that significant performance gain can be achieved by deploying an IRS into covert communications.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 7. Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Secure Transmission with Colluding Eavesdroppers
Abstract
This chapter studies a secure MISO communication system aided by an IRS, where multiple colluding Eves coexist. We aim to maximize the SSR via jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors, the AN and the phase shifts at the IRS subject to the maximum transmit power constraint and unit modulus constraints. To address the non-convex optimization problem, we first propose an AO algorithm based on SDR and obtain a high-quality sub-optimal solution. In order to reduce the high computational complexity, a low-complexity alternating optimization (LC-AO) algorithm is developed, in which the beamforming vectors, AN and the IRS phase shifts are optimized alternately by the generalized power iteration (GPI) and the Riemannian manifold conjugate gradient (RMCG) algorithm, respectively. Simulation results show the advantages of deploying the IRS in improving the system secrecy performance.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 8. Secure Multigroup Multicast Communication Systems via Intelligent Reflecting Surface
Abstract
This chapter considers a secure multigroup multicast MISO communication system aided by an IRS. Specifically, we aim to minimize the transmit power at Alice via jointly optimizing the transmit beamformer, AN vector and phase shifts at the IRS subject to the secrecy rate constraints as well as the unit modulus constraints of IRS phase shifts. To tackle the optimization problem, we first transform it into a SDR problem, and then alternately update the transmit beamformer and AN matrix as well as the phase shifts at the IRS. In order to reduce the high computational complexity, we further propose a low-complexity algorithm based on SOCP. We decouple the optimization problem into two sub-problems and optimize the transmit beamformer, AN vector and the phase shifts alternately by solving two corresponding SOCP sub-problem. Simulation results show that the proposed SDR and SOCP schemes require half or less transmit power than the scheme without IRS, which demonstrates the advantages of introducing IRS and the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 9. Beamforming Design for IRS-Aided Decode-and-Forward Relay Wireless Network
Abstract
As a low-cost and low-power-consumption passive reflector, IRS can make a significant rate improvement by building a programmable wireless environment. To improve the rate performance and coverage range of wireless networks, an IRS-aided DF relay network is proposed with multiple antennas at relay station (RS). To achieve a high rate, an alternately iterative structure (AIS) of maximizing receive power (Max-RP) at RS is proposed to jointly optimize the beamforming vectors at RS and phase shifts at IRS. Considering its high-complexity, two low-complexity Max-RP schemes of NSP plus MRC and intelligent reflecting surface element selection (IRSES) plus MRC are presented to reduce this complexity, respectively. For the former, NSP is used to separate the reflected signal from IRS and the direct transmitted signal from source and MRC is adopted to combine the two signals at RS. For the latter, the basic concept of IRSES is as follows: IRS is partitioned into M subsets of elements and adjusting the phases of all elements per subset make all reflected signals and the direct signal from source phase alignment at the corresponding antenna of relay. Simulation results show that the proposed three methods perform much better than the existing network with single-antenna relay in terms of rate performance. In particular, a 85% rate gain over existing scheme is achieved in the high SNR region. Moreover, it is verified that the positions of RS and IRS have a substantial impact on rate performance, and there exists an optimal positions of RS and IRS.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 10. Performance Analysis of Wireless Network Aided by Discrete-Phase-Shifter IRS
Abstract
Discrete phase shifter of IRS generates phase quantization error (QE) and degrades the receive performance at the receiver. To make an analysis of the PL caused by IRS with phase QE, based on the law of large numbers, the closed-form expressions of SNR PL, achievable rate (AR), and bit error rate (BER) are successively derived under LoS channels and Rayleigh channels. Moreover, based on the Taylor series expansion, the approximate simple closed form of PL of IRS with approximate QE is also given.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Chapter 11. Conclusions and Future Research Directions
Abstract
We have made an interesting investigation of IRS-aided PLS wireless networks in this book, where multiple different application network scenarios, such as DM, SM, covert wireless communications, secure multigroup multicast communication systems, have been discussed. It is one’s goal to ensure that private data information can be transmitted securely in wireless networks. It has been shown that introducing IRS into PLS wireless networks can more effectively prevent confidential information from being intercepted or eavesdropped by illegal users, so that ensuring the communication between transmitter and legal users is secure. This book can be a valuable reference for wireless communication engineers and researchers in related fields.
Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang
Metadaten
Titel
Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Physical-Layer Security
verfasst von
Feng Shu
Jiangzhou Wang
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-41812-9
Print ISBN
978-3-031-41811-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41812-9

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