Introduction: Approaches and Problems

The most significant property of individuals in evolution is their capacity for reproduction (inheritance) and hereditary variability. According to modern genetics, this property is largely due to the presence in cells of the so-called non-regular (encoding) polymers: nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins [18, 33]. In general, the non-regular polymers of a cell together account for other essential properties, such as metabolism, growth, immunity, etc., which form a ‘core’ of the biological organization in individual species.