Introduction to Soft Computing

Artificial intelligence as a science has been existing for about 40 years now. The main problem of this science is replication of human reasoning processes and behavior with the aid of computers and other artificial devices as well as construction of machines simulating decision making by humans in imprecise and uncertain environments. In most cases these various areas, where precise models, methods, and algorithms for solving problems characterized by uncertainty are not available, are attributed to the field of artificial intelligence. Methods of artificial intelligence are based on two characteristic features: 1.Use of information in symbolic form i.e. letters, words, phrases, signs, figures;2.Search with the aid of symbolic logic. When processing symbolic information, the computer converts the words and phrases to the form of binary digits. Then the computer recognizes or compares the sequences of such symbols (converted to digital form).