Introduction

Mathematical control theory is the area of application-oriented mathematics that deals with the basic principles underlying the analysis and design of control systems. To control an object means to influence its behavior so as to achieve a desired goal. In order to implement this influence, engineers build devices that incorporate various mathematical techniques. These devices range from Watt’s steam engine governor, designed during the English Industrial Revolution, to the sophisticated microprocessor controllers found in consumer items —such as CD players and automobiles— or in industrial robots and airplane autopilots.