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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Introduction

verfasst von : Oliver Som, Eva Kirner

Erschienen in: Low-tech Innovation

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Shedding light from various research perspectives on the phenomenon of non-R&D-performing and non-R&D-intensive innovators is the aim of this anthology. A variety of different empirical approaches ranging from macroeconomic considerations to microeconomic analysis address open questions related to the role of non-R&D-performing and non-R&D-intensive sectors as well as firms in developed economies like Germany. The editorial highlights the research motivation of this anthology and outlines the structure of every book chapter.

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Nächstes Kapitel Innovation in Low-Tech Industries: Current Conditions and Future Prospects
Fußnoten
1
“(A) sustained high rate of growth depends upon a continuous emergence of new inventions and innovations, providing the basis for new industries whose high rates of growth compensate for the inevitable slowing down in the rate of invention and innovation, and upon the economic effects of both, which retard the rates of growth of older industries. A high rate of overall growth in an economy is thus necessarily accompanied by considerable shifting in relative importance among industries, as the old decline and the new increase in relative weight in the nation‘s output” (Kuznets 1959).
 
4
These projects are titled “Innovationsmanagement für Lowtech-Hightech Innovationskooperationen (Low2High)” Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), 2008–2011/„Innovation ohne FuE“, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation des Deutschen Bundestages (EFI), 2011/„Zukunftspotenziale und Strategien nicht-forschungsintensiver Industrien in Deutschland“, Büro für Technikfolgenabschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB), 2010.
 
5
For an excellent overview of the history of indicators of scientific and technological advancement, see Godin (2001b).
 
6
Revised editions of the OECD Frascati Manual were published in these years: 1963 (1st edition), 1970 (2nd edition), 1976 (3rd edition), 1981 (4th edition), and 1993 (5th edition).
 
7
“To take into account industrial goals, NSF modifies this definition for the industry sector to indicate that basic research advances scientific knowledge not having specific commercial objectives, although such investigations may be in fields of present or potential interest to the reporting company” (Rosenberg 1990 ).
 
8
Burr (2004) discusses certain arguments for why firms of the private sector may be motivated to engage in basic research and how they may be able to appropriate at least some of its results (e.g., first-mover advantages, strong market power, or by-products; or the accidental luck of basic research may generate specific problem solutions, as basic research is a necessary precondition for successful applied research in certain fields).
 
9
“Since the 1970 edition of the Frascati Manual, the OECD suggests adding the adjective ‘experimental’ to ‘development’ to avoid, so it is argued, a confusion between development, a phase of R&D, and the same term in economics, and to use the same term as eastern European countries and UNESCO” (Godin 2006: 73; note #34).
 
10
For a detailed discussion of R&D indicators, see Grupp ( 1997).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Introduction
verfasst von
Oliver Som
Eva Kirner
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Buch
Low-tech Innovation

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09972-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-09973-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09973-6_1