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2005 | Buch

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Intuitive Human Interfaces for Organizing and Accessing Intellectual Assets

International Workshop, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, March 1-5, 2004, Revised Selected Papers

herausgegeben von: Gunter Grieser, Yuzuru Tanaka

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Man-Machine Interface for Intuitive Knowledge Access

Do Knowledge Assets Really Exist in the World and Can We Access Such Knowledge?

Knowledge Evolves Through a Cycle of Knowledge Liquidization and Crystallization

Abstract

This paper describes a new view of knowledge and how computer systems can support knowledge evolution. In the classic view of knowledge, knowledge should be well articulated and universal. In reality, knowledge evolves dynamically depending on context. Computer systems should support not only the access to the knowledge but also the knowledge evolution.

Koichi Hori

Benefits of Subjunctive Interface Support for Exploratory Access to Online Resources

Abstract

When exploring online resources, users often make many separate retrievals – specifying in turn various parameter values to make up a request, and examining the corresponding results. Any interface that supports only one retrieval at a time, i.e., one set of parameter values and the corresponding results, places a heavy burden on a user who wants to compare available results, or simply to try a range of retrievals. A subjunctive-interface approach may reduce this burden. Subjunctive interfaces support the setting up, viewing and adjustment of multiple scenarios in parallel, leading to more efficient iteration through related scenarios, and the opportunity for side-by-side instead of temporally separated viewing. We examine how these facilities can be applied in a range of information-access applications, and the benefits that can be obtained.

Aran Lunzer

Eye Movement Navigation Interface Supporting Reading

Abstract

To read Japanese document fast, it is important to decrease the time required the understanding and the number that viewpoint moving backward. In this paper, we propose the navigating interface to read Japanese document fast and the eye movement information processing model in reading Japanese document. We show that the reading speed becomes to be fast if human is navigated by using the interface such as the distance between neighbor fixation points become to be long. The result measured for human is similar to the computer simulation. This computer simulation is realized by introducing the mechanisms that the viewpoint moves backward based on the resolution and the short-term memory integrated by using feature matching to the traditional eye movement model. The eye movements according to the 24 kinds of information processing models are realized and evaluated using the navigation interface. Human eye movements for 15 experiments are measured using the navigation interface. We show the effectiveness of the eye movement model from these results. Moreover, it is found that the reading time can be shortened by using the eye movement navigation interface with the colored marker in the text window.

Satoru Morita

Intuitive Interfaces for Motion Generation and Search

Abstract

This paper treats intuitive interfaces for motion generation and motion search. These are research results on the interactive animation system achieved by the research group of the authors as the part of a research project “Intuitive Human Interface for Organizing and Accessing Intellectual Assets”. For CG animation creation, the motion design of CG characters as well as the shape design is very laborious work. For the motion design, the authors have already proposed a component based motion editing environment, a real-time motion generation system using puppet/marionette metaphors and a motion database management system. These allow the user to create motions interactively, intuitively and make it easy to distribute and re-edit motions. In this paper, the authors introduce these motion generation and motion search systems.

Yoshihiro Okada, Hiroaki Etou, Koichi Niijima

IntelligentPad / Meme Media

Human-Agent Co-operation in Accessing and Communicating Knowledge Media – A Case in Medical Therapy Planning

Abstract

The concepts of memetics and the development of meme media implementations have set the stage for a new generation of knowledge processing systems in which knowledge evolution may take place. When the evolution of knowledge goes beyond the imagination of humans, we will arrive at a new quality of human-computer co-operation.

The evolution of knowledge is of a particular interest in domains where the future is clearly unforeseeable, but where a rapid growth of knowledge is highly desirable. Medical therapy is such an area of a particularly great importance.

IntelligentPad technologies as a form of meme media implementation are used to formulate and represent medical therapy knowledge, to set up meme pools and to allow for the evolution of knowledge beyond human expectations.

This paper is reporting about the authors’ first steps and is intended to lay the cornerstone of a related research and development program.

Volker Dötsch, Kimihito Ito, Klaus P. Jantke

Accessing Related Web Resources Through Annotated Documents

Abstract

This paper proposes a new framework for organizing and accessing Web resources using loci defined on arbitrary Web documents. Our framework allows users to store Web resources in user-specified loci on a Web document to define a relation among them. This relation is retained as a set of tuples in a table called a Topica table. When users access such a locus, the resources associated with this locus are presented on the display screen. Each locus is associated with an attribute of the Topica table associated with this document. Our framework enables users to dynamically define such loci, called topoi, on arbitrary Web documents, and to input and/or output tuples of Web resources to and from a set of topoi defined on each of these Web documents. In addition, we propose a mechanism to access multiple related resources using a history of users’ navigation through such documents.

Jun Fujima, Yuzuru Tanaka

The Biotope Issue in Meme Media Implementations

Abstract

The concepts of memetics and the development of meme media implementations have set the stage for knowledge media evolution by which externalized human knowledge is becoming subject to a process of growth which can be boosted by technological means.

Computers acting in computer networks in co-operation with humans will constitute interactive knowledge media – another goal of Artificial Intelligence.

The key question is whether or not we will be able to establish proper meme pools in which memetic evolution finds an opportunity to take place. And if so, it is the question what conditions we have to provide for a dynamic evolution of meme media based knowledge. This is the biotope issue.

Properly dealing with the biotope issue is essential for a future development of meme media going beyond the limits of conventional software technologies. Thus, the biotope issue is not only just a philosophical or methodological foundation of meme media development, but a core problem which is frequently underestimated.

The aim of the present publication is to make the biotope issue seen in its right perspective – for the benefit of memetics and meme media development as a whole.

Klaus P. Jantke

Meme Media Architecture for Intuitively Accessing and Organizing Intellectual Resources

Abstract

With the growing need for interdisciplinary and international availability, distribution and exchange of intellectual resources including information, knowledge, ideas, pieces of work, and tools in reeditable and redistributable organic forms, we need new media technologies that externalize scientific, technological, and/or cultural knowledge fragments in an organic way, and promote their advanced use, international distribution, reuse, and reediting. These media may be called meme media since they carry what R. Dawkins called “memes”. An accumulation of memes in a society forms a meme pool that functions like a gene pool. Meme pools will bring about rapid accumulations of memes, and require new technologies for the management and retrieval of memes. This paper first reviews our R&D on meme media, and then proposes their application to the Web to make it work as a meme pool for collaboratively reediting intellectual resources, as well as for intuitively accessing and organizing the huge accumulation of intellectual resources in our societies.

Yuzuru Tanaka

Visualization and Design of Information Access Spaces

Enhancing Visual Perception Using Dynamic Updating of Display

Abstract

In this report we propose two types of methods that enhance the visual perception of human. The first idea uses a type of change blindness, a short-term information suppression of visual information processing. This makes possible to provide visual stimulation to peripheral area of visual field without being noticed by the user. It can be used to separate “what you see” and “where you will see the next” when you design the screen of computer display. The second idea is to control the speed of reading text using visual stimulation to peripheral. We tested several types of leader for guiding eye-gaze. Experimental result shows that the leaders increase reading speed without loss of comprehensiveness.

Toshio Kawashima, Takanori Terashima, Takeshi Nagasaki, Masashi Toda

3D Space Framework for the Multi-facet Accessing of Database Records

Abstract

This paper proposes a framework for the construction of a 3D information access space that supports users to intuitively access large amounts of information. To cope with a large set of database records, we need a dynamic method for organizing and accessing records through multiple different views, such as topological, temporal, categorical, hierarchical and alphabetical views. In the proposed information space architecture, each record is visualized together with its related views, called facets. Each facet is provided as a 3D window-like component that displays a relevant information space on its surface and works as an entrance gate to the space. Through facet components, we can catch a glimpse of more detailed or related information spaces. We can also access relevant records by diving into arbitrarily chosen one of these spaces. Users can dynamically edit these multiple views in order to change the navigation and visualization functions by directly selecting and manipulating facet components.

Makoto Ohigashi, Yuzuru Tanaka

Integrated Visualization Framework for Relational Databases and Web Resources

Abstract

In this paper we propose an integrated visualization framework for relational databases and Web resources. Using our VERD framework, users can dynamically integrate local databases and Web resources and interactively construct various visualizations. Users can define data integration and visualization by constructing a flow diagram consisting of various operators through direct manipulation. The principal idea of this framework is to manipulate Web resources, visualizations, and database relations through visual components based on relational schemata and integrate them based on the relational database model. In VERD framework, two types of special view relations are used for representing visualizations and for treating Web resources as database relations. Hence, in VERD framework, a Web resource can be combined with database relations as if it is also a local relation. Similarly, VERD framework specifies visual mapping between source data relations and visualization representations by means of relational operations. VERD framework supports various interactive visualization operations including ‘details-on-demand’, ‘drill-down’, and ‘brushing-and-linking’ These operations are performed by modifying view relations associated with visualizations.

Tsuyoshi Sugibuchi, Yuzuru Tanaka

Semantic and Narrative Organization and Access of Knowledge

Discovering Implicit Relationships in a Web of Contexts

Abstract

We propose a framework for discovering implicit relationships between descriptors and objects in large information bases. Typical examples of such information bases are large collections of Web pages, where the anchors play the role of descriptors for distant web pages, and the web pages themselves play the role of the described objects. Our approach assumes that the contents of the information base are organized into manageable subsets called contexts, each user setting up his(her) own web of contexts. While setting up a web of contexts, a user may create implicit relationships between descriptors and objects (relationships of which the user may not even be aware). We provide a framework for discovering such implicit relationships in a web of user-defined contexts; this is done based on extended notions of synonymy/homonymy using descriptor and object paths.

Mina Akaishi, Nicolas Spyratos

On Information Organization in Annotation Systems

Abstract

A rich semantic model of annotation is presented that distinguishes several annotation types, uses controlled vocabulary where appropriate, and supports multi-facetted characterization of documents, annotation of parts of documents as well as of entire documents, and annotation of document associations besides annotation of single documents. This model has served as the basis for implementing a powerful annotation system included in an advanced digital library system.

Panos Constantopoulos, Martin Doerr, Maria Theodoridou, Manos Tzobanakis

Modelling Learning Subjects as Relationships

Abstract

This paper describes a novel intellectual structure for the subject space of material designed for selective autodidactic learning in a large knowledge base. This structure is based on a systematic theory-driven connection of categorical and factual knowledge. It is further based on the idea, that relevant subjects in such a system should be propositions, represented as categorical relationships. Informal inferences between concept hierarchies and categorical relationships are presented. The structure is implemented in a system for training of art conservators in diagnostic knowledge. Multiple systematic ways are implemented to give the user access and overview over large amounts of such subject propositions, that try to overcome the typical mismatch between a user-formulated request and the terms understood by the system, and the general disorientation of users in larger electronic media. The system is right now being presented to users with a first small population of cases.

Martin Doerr

Formalizing Retrieval Goal Change by Prioritized Abduction

Abstract

When we traverse over the Internet to search information, we sometimes change an object which we are looking for, in other word, change a retrieval goal according to additional information obtained during search.

In this paper, we give a formalization of such a goal change by prioritized abduction and extend the method to a “retrieval command adviser”. We assume a chain of logical rules to satisfy a purpose of the retrieval where bottom conditions are retrieval goals represented as abducible propositions. Abducing these retrieval goals leads to accomplishment of the retrieval purpose. Moreover, we introduce another kind of abducible propositions to represent applicability of logical rules. This applicability abducible is attached to a logical rule and used to detect which rules are used. Then, together with priority over these applicability abducibles to express strength of the associated rules, we determine which rules should preferably be applicable and hence we infer the most appropriate retrieval command which is derived from the most preferable rules. If the observed information is changed, then the applicability of rules is changed and according to the applicability abducibles, we change our retrieval goal. We believe that this mechanism explains a retrieval goal change.

Then, we extend the method to construct a “retrieval command adviser” which suggests better retrieval command than the initial command given by a user. We translate the above logical rules into another form which is used for predicting a purpose of give a command. When a user give a command then the system predict the purpose of a command using the newly introduced rules and then according to the initial logic rules and priorities, we infer the most appropriate retrieval command.

Ken Satoh

Similarity of Documents Based on the Vector Sequence Model

Abstract

In this paper we propose a new method for searching natural language documents. The method is based on the vector-sequence model where every document is transformed into a sequence of document vectors. The model is intended to clarify the dynamism of the usage of keywords in every document. In order to find similar documents in the model, we formalize the Length-Based Refinement (LBR, for short) of sequence of documents. The document management system based on LBRs requires users to give a query in the form of a document, but would support them to search documents in a quite different way of the keyword-based search. By developing the system we try to show that the search mechanism based on LBRs could be regarded as a type of intuitive access to documents.

Akihiro Yamamoto, Akira Ogiso

Towards Constructing Story Databases Using Maximal Analogies Between Stories

Abstract

In order to construct story databases, it is crucial to have an effective index that represents the plot and event sequences in a document. For this purpose, we have already proposed a method using the concept of maximal analogy to represent a generalized event sequence of documents with a maximal set of events. However, it is expensive to calculate a maximal analogy from documents with a large number of sentences. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm to generate a maximal analogy, based on graph theory, and we confirm its effectiveness experimentally. We also discuss how to use a maximal analogy as an index for a story database, and outline our future plans.

Masaharu Yoshioka, Makoto Haraguchi, Akihito Mizoe

Backmatter

Titel: Intuitive Human Interfaces for Organizing and Accessing Intellectual Assets
herausgegeben von: Gunter Grieser
Yuzuru Tanaka
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-540-32279-5
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-24465-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b104697