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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. It’s Not About Us: Addressing the Security Dilemma with the Ethics of Professionalism

verfasst von : Abby Stoddard

Erschienen in: Necessary Risks

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

There is perhaps no more dangerous humanitarian work than that done by the “White Helmets” in Syria. As described through the experience of Mustafa Haj Yousef, a former businessman who gave up his career to pull people out of the rubble of bombed buildings, he and other members of Syria Civil Defence are under continual threat not only of becoming collateral damage but also of direct targeting by airstrikes. The altruistic impulse that brings people to humanitarian work may be indisputable, but as Haj Yousef’s and every other first-person account featured in this book show, a professionalist approach to the work, including significant investment in practical skills training, stands the best chance of extending aid into the most dangerous places while maximizing the security of aid providers. An ethos that views humanitarianism as a profession rather than a personal calling or a job for a particular organization is needed in current civil conflicts, where the risks to humanitarian actors have never been higher.

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Fußnoten
2
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3
Harmer, A., Stoddard, A. & Sarazen, A. (2018). Humanitarian access in armed conflict: A need for new principles? Humanitarian Outcomes, December, p. 1.
 
4
Harmer, A., Stoddard, A. & Sarazen, A. (2018). Humanitarian access in armed conflict: A need for new principles? Humanitarian Outcomes, December, p. 1.
 
5
Rieff, D. (2002). A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis. New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 333.
 
6
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7
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8
Dubois, M. (2016). “Don’t blur the lines between development and humanitarian work.” The Guardian, 12 May 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2019, from https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​global-development-professionals-network/​2016/​may/​12/​dont-blur-the-lines-between-development-and-humanitarian-work
 
9
Figures for combined field staff of all MSF sections sourced from MSF (2018). “International Financial Report 2017”: “In 2017, near 8000 health professionals, logistics specialists and administrative staff of all nationalities left on field assignments to join more than 37,900 locally hired staff working in medical programmes in over 72 countries.”
 
10
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11
See Healy, S. & Tiller, S. (2014). Where is Everyone? Responding to Emergencies in the Most Difficult Places. MSF, 2014, and Stoddard, A., Jillani, S., Caccavale, J., Cooke, P., Guillemois, D., & Klimentov, V. (2017). Out of Reach: How Insecurity Prevents Humanitarian Aid from Accessing the Neediest. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 6(1). doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​5334/​sta.​506
 
12
Stoddard, A., Czwarno, M. & Hamsik, L. (2019). NGOs & Risk: Managing uncertainty in local-international partnerships: Global report. Washington, D.C.: InterAction, p. 5.
 
13
Barnett, M. N., & Weiss, T. G. (2011). Humanitarianism Contested: Where angels fear to tread. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, England; New York: Routledge, p. 112.
 
14
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15
Slim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster. Oxford University Press, p. 10.
 
16
Ibid., p. 11.
 
17
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19
Dubois, M. (2019). “A New Humanitarian Ethics?” The Humanicontrarian, Blog 3, February 10, 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019 from: https://​humanicontrarian​.​com
 
20
Slim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster. Oxford University Press, p. 6.
 
23
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24
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25
Fox, H., Stoddard, A. & Davidoff, J. (2018). Emergency trauma response to the Mosul offensive, 2016–2017: A review of issues and challenges. Humanitarian Outcomes, March.
 
26
Spiegel, P., Garber, K. Kushner, A. & Wise, P. (2018). The Mosul Trauma Response: A Case Study. John Hopkins Centre for Humanitarian Health. February, 2018, pp. 36–37. http://​www.​hopkinshumanitar​ianhealth.​org/​empower/​resources/​reports/​
 
27
Stoddard, A. (2018). “Mosul: Lives saved, credibility lost?” The New Humanitarian. Retrieved 8 May 2019, from https://​www.​thenewhumanitari​an.​org/​opinion/​2018/​03/​21/​mosul-lives-saved-credibility-lost
 
28
Bloom, P. (2016). Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion. New York, NY: Ecco, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, p. 9.
 
29
Daniel Kahneman quoted in Harris, S. (2019). “Making Sense with Sam Harris #150 – The Map of Misunderstanding (with Daniel Kahneman).” YouTube, YouTube, 13 Mar. 2019. www.​youtube.​com/​watch?​v=​iKLE3TmtFhY
 
30
Slim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster. Oxford University Press, p. 11.
 
31
Slim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster. Oxford University Press, p. 12.
 
32
@JeremyKonyndyk (16 February 2018). [Twitter post]. Retrieved from: https://​twitter.​com/​JeremyKonyndyk/​status/​9645364539832770​56
 
34
Walker, P. et al. (2010). “A Blueprint For Professionalizing Humanitarian Assistance.” Health Affairs 29, 12 (2010): 2223–2230, p. 2223.
 
35
Ibid., p. 2224.
 
36
Walker, P. & Russ, C. (2011). “Fit for Purpose: The role of modern professionalism in evolving the humanitarian endeavour” International Review of the Red Cross, 93, 884. December 2011, p. 1195.
 
37
Waldman, R., & Toole, M. (2017). “Where is the science in humanitarian health?” The Lancet, 390(10109), 2224–2226. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​s0140-6736(17)31275-8
 
38
Neuman, M. and Weissman, F. (Eds.) (2016) Saving Lives and Staying Alive. Humanitarian Security in the Age of Risk Management. London: Hurst, 2016.
 
39
Beerli, M.J. & Weissman, F. (2016). “Humanitarian Security Manuals: Neutralising the human factor in humanitarian action” in Neuman, M. and Weissman, F. (Eds.) (2016.) Saving Lives and Staying Alive. Humanitarian Security in the Age of Risk Management. London: Hurst, 2016, p. 139.
 
40
For rebuttals to the arguments in Neuman and Weissman’s book, see Cunningham, A. & Lockyear, C. (2016). “A response to Saving Lives and Staying Alive.” 2 May 2016, URL:https://​www.​msf-crash.​org/​en/​blog/​war-and-humanitarianism/​response-saving-lives-and-staying-alive; and Stoddard, A., Harmer, A. & Haver, K (2016). “Data are not Dangerous: A response to recent MSF CRASH critiques.” Overseas Development Institute Humanitarian Practice Network (HPN). Retrieved 13 May 2019, from https://​odihpn.​org/​blog/​data-are-not-dangerous-a-response-to-recent-msf-crash-critiques/​
 
41
For all of Humanitarian Outcomes’ published research products on humanitarian operational security and secure access, go to: https://​www.​humanitarianoutc​omes.​org/​publications?​work_​area=​3
 
42
Walker, P. & Russ, C. (2011). “Fit for Purpose: The role of modern professionalism in evolving the humanitarian endeavour” International Review of the Red Cross, 93, 884. December 2011, p. 1201.
 
43
Ibid.
 
44
Gawande, A. (2009). The Checklist Manifesto. Henry Holt and Co., p. 51 and 167.
 
45
Jackson, A., & Zyck, S.A. (2017). Presence & Proximity: To Stay and Deliver, Five Years On. UN OCHA, June 22, p. 13.
 
46
Ibid.
 
Literatur
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Zurück zum Zitat Beerli, M. J., & Weissman, F. (2016). Humanitarian Security Manuals: Neutralising the Human Factor in Humanitarian Action. In M. Neuman & F. Weissman (Eds.), Saving Lives and Staying Alive. Humanitarian Security in the Age of Risk Management. London: Hurst. Beerli, M. J., & Weissman, F. (2016). Humanitarian Security Manuals: Neutralising the Human Factor in Humanitarian Action. In M. Neuman & F. Weissman (Eds.), Saving Lives and Staying Alive. Humanitarian Security in the Age of Risk Management. London: Hurst.
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Zurück zum Zitat Fox, H., Stoddard, A., & Davidoff, J. (2018, March). Emergency Trauma Response to the Mosul Offensive, 2016–2017: A Review of Issues and Challenges. New York: Humanitarian Outcomes. Fox, H., Stoddard, A., & Davidoff, J. (2018, March). Emergency Trauma Response to the Mosul Offensive, 2016–2017: A Review of Issues and Challenges. New York: Humanitarian Outcomes.
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Zurück zum Zitat Healy, S., & Tiller, S. (2014). Where Is Everyone? Responding to Emergencies in the Most Difficult Places. MSF. London: Médecins Sans Frontières. Healy, S., & Tiller, S. (2014). Where Is Everyone? Responding to Emergencies in the Most Difficult Places. MSF. London: Médecins Sans Frontières.
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Zurück zum Zitat Neuman, M., & Weissman, F. (Eds.). (2016). Saving Lives and Staying Alive. Humanitarian Security in the Age of Risk Management. London: Hurst. Neuman, M., & Weissman, F. (Eds.). (2016). Saving Lives and Staying Alive. Humanitarian Security in the Age of Risk Management. London: Hurst.
Zurück zum Zitat Rieff, D. (2002). A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis. New York: Simon & Schuster. Rieff, D. (2002). A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Zurück zum Zitat Slim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Slim, H. (2015). Humanitarian Ethics: A Guide to the Morality of Aid in War and Disaster. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoddard, A., Jillani, S., Caccavale, J., Cooke, P., Guillemois, D., & Klimentov, V. (2017). Out of Reach: How Insecurity Prevents Humanitarian Aid from Accessing the Neediest. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.506.CrossRef Stoddard, A., Jillani, S., Caccavale, J., Cooke, P., Guillemois, D., & Klimentov, V. (2017). Out of Reach: How Insecurity Prevents Humanitarian Aid from Accessing the Neediest. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 6(1). https://​doi.​org/​10.​5334/​sta.​506.​CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stoddard, A., Czwarno, M., & Hamsik, L. (2019). NGOs & Risk: Managing Uncertainty in Local-International Partnerships: Global Report. Washington, DC: InterAction. Stoddard, A., Czwarno, M., & Hamsik, L. (2019). NGOs & Risk: Managing Uncertainty in Local-International Partnerships: Global Report. Washington, DC: InterAction.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker, P., & Russ, C. (2011). Fit for Purpose: The Role of Modern Professionalism in Evolving the Humanitarian Endeavour. International Review of the Red Cross, 93, 884, 1195.CrossRef Walker, P., & Russ, C. (2011). Fit for Purpose: The Role of Modern Professionalism in Evolving the Humanitarian Endeavour. International Review of the Red Cross, 93, 884, 1195.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Walker, P., et al. (2010). A Blueprint For Professionalizing Humanitarian Assistance. Health Affairs, 29(12), 2223–2230.CrossRef Walker, P., et al. (2010). A Blueprint For Professionalizing Humanitarian Assistance. Health Affairs, 29(12), 2223–2230.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
It’s Not About Us: Addressing the Security Dilemma with the Ethics of Professionalism
verfasst von
Abby Stoddard
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26411-6_6

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