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Knitting Science, Technology, Process and Materials

A Sustainable Approach

herausgegeben von: Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Buchreihe : Textile Science and Clothing Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This volume explains knitting technology in an easily-comprehensible and user-friendly manner. The manufacturing of a cost-effective quality product requires careful planning and thorough knowledge of the product as well as production technology. To achieve the desired functional properties in fabric, the relationship between the raw materials, process and finished product is very important. Knitting has been and remains an important textile technique due to the properties of knitted fabric such as elasticity, stretchability, and comfort. Despite the prominence of knitwear, there has been limited data regarding mechanics of weft knitted fabric and effect of structures on physical, mechanical and comfort properties. This book is an attempt to fill that gap. The book provides knowledge about fabric manufacturing techniques, weft knitting structure, and methods of evaluating knitted fabrics and their applications in technical textiles. It also discusses different types of yarn and their manufacturing processes. Testing and quality control in industrial practice as well as management of a fabric dyeing house are also covered.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Introduction: Knitting Fundamentals

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the evolution of textiles and its history. Different textile fabrics, history of knitting, principles of hand knitting and their merits & demerits. It also provides information regarding general terms of knitting and the classification of knitting. The chapter also mentioned the comparison of warp and weft knitting and their end uses.

Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Yarns in Knitting

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the basic information on types and the classifications of yarns, yarn requirements for knitting, selection criteria for weft knitting w.r.t. fiber and yarn, and yarn count numbering system. This chapter also contains yarn quality requirement for common knitting yarn in tabular form. The reader can find description of faults due to yarns alongside their names. This chapter also describes the yarn testing with international standards.

Awais Ahmed Khan, Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Weft Knitting Machines

Abstract

Weft knitting is the most popular technique of fabric formation after weaving. Weft knitting completely follows a different science of fabric formation and working of machinery than other techniques of fabric formation. This chapter comprises of major weft knitting machines classification and description of their different parts. Machine mechanisms, working of every part of machine, and machine’s settings for basic fabric parameters are elaborated here.

Awais Ahmed Khan, Rajesh Mishra, Hafsa Jamshaid

Weft-Knitted Structure and Their Effect on Fabric Properties

Abstract

Comfort and mechanical responsiveness of knitted fabrics is significantly affected by fabric architectures. Physical appearance variations govern macroscale property fluctuations including thermos-physiological and performance attributes. This chapter summarizes the principal stitches in weft knitting, presentation of these stitches/notations, and single and double jersey structures. Knit, tuck, and miss are three basic stitches that allow knitting needles to perform structural variations. The chapter comprehensively describes the influence of different knitted structural derivatives on physical behaviors. Also, the conventional and advanced knitting techniques have been entailed focusing on machine fabric formation and pattern loadings.

Adeel Abbas, Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Mechanics of Weft-Knitted Structure

Abstract

This chapter discusses the mechanics of weft-knitted structure. Different types of weft-knitted structure, which includes single and double jerseys, are discussed. The influence of structure and materials on the mechanical behavior of weft-knitted fabrics is also discussed. The mechanical behavior of knitted fabrics is explained in terms of properties of materials and structures, but the role of structure in knitting is very important as a large amount of extension is offered by knitted fabric regardless of the material used. This chapter differentiates the role of structure and materials in the mechanical behavior of knitted fabrics. Moreover, knitted fabrics have a large diversity from a mechanical point of view, as they offer a large amount of extension 0–200%.

Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Knitwear Dyeing: Theory and Sustainability

Abstract

This chapter contains the introduction to knitwear chemical processing with special emphasis on dyeing theory and its practical implications. There is a lot of published material regarding the theory and kinetics of dyeing, which is quite complicated to understand, but in this chapter, a brief knowledge of theory is provided to the dyers who, by reading, can understand the relation of dyes and fibres in dyeing system and will be able to estimate the importance of its application in practical dyeing. Some important suggestions in practical dyeing are listed for dyers to consider for the improvement of dyeing quality and productivity. At the end of the chapter, sustainable approaches are also covered so that the industry can adopt them and may achieve sustainable development goals in a dyehouse.

Kashif Iqbal, Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Textile Testing and Quality Control in Knitting

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the quality aspects of knitted fabrics and their testing methods. The knitted fabrics can be produced by a variety of methods. They are suitable for consumer as well as technical applications. Accordingly, their suitability and end-use performance parameters are determined. The chapter gives an overview of the various methods of characterization used for the evaluation of performance parameters in weft- and warp-knitted fabrics. Knitted textile fabrics have superior thermal and acoustic characteristics compared to conventional woven structures, foams, or nonwoven structures due to their wonderful pattern and porous nature. Hence, this chapter describes the influence of different structural parameters of knitted fabrics, e.g., areal density, porosity, thickness, stitch density, etc. on thermo-physiological and acoustic performance. This chapter also discusses the influence of material parameters and structural characteristics on the acoustic properties of knitted fabrics. Advanced statistical evaluation and two-way analysis of variance are used to analyze the significance of various factors such as thickness, type of knitted yarn, surface structures, and raw materials on specific properties. These details are important requirements for designing knitted fabrics suitable for consumer and technical applications.

Hafsa Jamshaid, Rajesh Mishra

Technical Applications of Knitted Fabrics

Abstract

Knitting is the second most widely used fabric manufacturing technique after weaving. In addition, knitting is also commonly used in technical applications due to distinct characteristics of its structure. The knitted fabrics have some added advantages over other fabric manufacturing techniques, e.g., flexibility, adaptability and air permeability. The knitted fabrics are made with two different types of techniques, and the fabrics made with these techniques also have different characteristics. Due to this reason, the application area of knitted fabrics is also extended to many folds. The 2D and 3D knitted structures are widely used in technical applications; especially, 3D fabrics have more freedom of material selection, and different materials can be used in different layers of fabrics as per requirement. This chapter covers the different technical applications of knitting including medical, sports, automobile and composites. These applications of knitted fabrics are discussed with respect to structure type, materials and specific areas of application.

Rajesh Mishsra, Hafsa Jamshaid

Backmatter

Titel: Knitting Science, Technology, Process and Materials
herausgegeben von: Hafsa Jamshaid
Rajesh Mishra
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-44927-7
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-44926-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44927-7

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