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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Kapitel 7: Andere Normen zur Ächtung Ungleicher Verträge in der WVK

verfasst von : Anna Krueger

Erschienen in: Die Bindung der Dritten Welt an das postkoloniale Völkerrecht

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

Neben der Regelung zu Verträgen über gewaltsamen Zwang gerieten zwei weitere Normen im Recht der Verträge in den Fokus der Debatte um Ungleiche Verträge. Dies war zum einen die Regelung zu Verstößen gegen zwingendes Recht, über die materiell Ungleiche Verträge geächtet werden sollten (I.). Darüber hinaus beriefen sich Teile der Dritten Welt in ihrem Kampf gegen die Bindung an Ungleiche Verträge zum einen aus Gerechtigkeitsgründen, zum anderen unter Berufung auf die veränderten Machtverhältnisse in der Welt auf das Prinzip rebus sic stantibus (II.).

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Vorheriges Kapitel Kapitel 6: Unter gewaltsamem Zwang abgeschlossene Verträge in der WVK

Nächstes Kapitel Kapitel 8: Die völkerrechtliche Debatte das um Recht der Staatennachfolge

Schmalenbach, Article 64, in Dörr/Schmalenbach (Hrsg.), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary (2012), S. 1122, Rn. 4.

Zu dieser Frage siehe auch die Ausführungen bei Schwelb, Some Aspects of International Jus Cogens as Formulated by the International Law Commission, 61 American Journal of International Law (1967), S. 946, 968 ff.

Lauterpacht, First Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/63, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1953, II), S. 93.

Lauterpacht, First Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/63, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1953, II), S. 154 f., Rn. 1 ff.

Z. B. Suárez, Tractatus de Legibus ac Deo Legislatore (1612); von Wolff, Ius Gentium Methodo Scientifica Pertractatum, In Quo Ius Gentium Naturale Ab Eo, Quod Voluntarii, Pactitii Et Consuetudinarii Est, Accurate Distinguitur (1749); de Vattel, Das Völkerrecht oder Grundsätze des Naturrechts, angewandt auf das Verhalten und die Angelegenheiten der Staaten und Staatsoberhäupter (1758, Übersetzung 1959).

Schwelb, Some Aspects of International Jus Cogens as Formulated by the International Law Commission, 61 American Journal of International Law (1967), S. 946, 949 f.

Für einen Überblick siehe Verdross, Jus Dispositivum and Jus Cogens in International Law, 60 American Journal of International Law (1966), S. 55, 55.

Hoffmeister/Kleinlein, International Public Order, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2013), Rn. 2; siehe zur Idee der Weltgemeinschaft bereits oben, Teil I.

Mosler, The International Society as a Legal Community, 140 Recueil des Cours (1974), S. 1, 34.

Hoffmeister/Kleinlein, International Public Order, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2013), Rn. 9.

Verdross, Forbidden Treaties in International Law, 31 American Journal of International Law (1937), S. 571, 572.

Verdross, Jus Dispositivum and Jus Cogens in International Law, 60 American Journal of International Law (1966), S. 55, 58.

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 52, Rn. 1; Schwarzenberger, International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, Volume I (3. Auflage 1957), S. 426 f.

Schwarzenberger, International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, Volume I (3. Auflage 1957), S. 425.

Schwarzenberger, International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, Volume I (3. Auflage 1957), S. 426 f.

Schwarzenberger, International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, Volume I (3. Auflage 1957), S. 427.

McNair, The Law of Treaties (1961), S. 213 ff.

Kelsen, Principles of International Law (2. Auflage 1967), S. 483.

Tunkin, Das Völkerrecht der Gegenwart (1963), S. 97.

Tunkin, Das Völkerrecht der Gegenwart (1963), S. 99.

Verdross, Jus Dispositivum and Jus Cogens in International Law, 60 American Journal of International Law (1966), S. 55, 58; ICJ, ICJ-Reports 1951, S. 15, 23.

Lauterpacht, First Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/63, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1953, II), S. 154 f., Rn. 1 ff.

Fitzmaurice, UN Doc A/CN.4/115 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1958, II), S. 20, 26, Para 2.

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 52.

Vgl. Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 55 f., Rn. 10.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 64, Rn. 50.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 63, Rn. 40; ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.685, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 73, 73 f., Rn. 7.

Siehe ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 62 ff.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 63, Rn. 37.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 63, Rn. 39.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, Rn. 40, 43.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 63, Rn. 41.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 65, Rn. 64.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 69, Rn. 24.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 69, Rn. 26.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.685, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 73, 76, Rn. 33. Zum Sozialistsichen Völkerrecht siehe schon oben, Teil I.

Siehe hierzu oben, Teil I.

Siehe oben.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.683, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 60, 66 f., Rn. 83; Bartoš zitierte Kelsen, The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems (1950), S. 106 ff., siehe aber S. 107; Oppenheim, International Law, Band 1 (8. Auflage 1955), S. 928 f.

Siehe oben Teil I.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 71, Rn. 58 ff.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 72, Rn. 62.

Siehe auch hierzu oben, Teil I.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 68, Rn. 6.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 69, Rn. 28.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 70, Rn. 33.

Siehe oben, Kapitel 5.

Vgl. ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 70, Rn. 45.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 70, Rn. 44.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 70, Rn. 45.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 71, Rn. 47. Siehe hierzu auch sogleich beim Prizip rebus sic stantibus sowie in Teil III.

Siehe Kapitel 5, Kapitel 6 und Kapitel 8.

Siehe hierzu schon Kapitel 5 und Teil I.

Siehe ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.684, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 67, 71, Rn. 53, S. 72, Rn. 65, 72; ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.686, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 73, 78, Rn. 48.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.717, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 290, 291, Rn. 20. Vgl. zuvor ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.705, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 209, 213, Rn. 53.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.717, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 290, 292, Rn. 39. Vgl. zuvor ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.705, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 209, 215, Rn. 89.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/163, ILC-Yearbook (1963, II), S. 187, 198.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/163, ILC-Yearbook (1963, II), S. 187, 199, Rn. 3.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 155, Rn. 56.

Siehe hierzu Jennings, Recent Developments in the International Law Commission: Its Relation to the Sources of International Law, 13 International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1964), S. 385, 385 ff.

Schwelb, Some Aspects of International Jus Cogens as Formulated by the International Law Commission, 61 American Journal of International Law (1967), S. 946, 960.

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.784, GAOR (1967), Rn. 8.

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.784, GAOR (1967), Rn. 9.

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.784, GAOR (1967), Rn. 10 ff.

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.784, GAOR (1967), Rn. 13.

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.787, GAOR (1967), Rn. 15, 27; UN Doc A/CN.4/182 and Corr. 1&2 and Add. 1, 2/Rev. 1&3, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 285, 286.

Siehe GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.789, GAOR (1967), Rn. 9.

Waldock, UN Doc A/CN.4/183 and Add. 1-4, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 1 ff.

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.890, ILC-Yearbook (1966, I, 2), S. 307, 310, Rn. 63; ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.893, ILC-Yearbook (1966, I, 2), S. 327, 331; ILC, UN Doc A/6309/Rev. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 169, 248, Rn. 3.

Siehe The Concept of Jus Cogens in International Law: Papers and Proceedings, Geneva (1967) (Report of a Conference organized by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Lagonissi (Greece), April 1966).

The Concept of Jus Cogens in International Law: Papers and Proceedings, Geneva (1967) (Report of a Conference organized by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Lagonissi (Greece), April 1966), S. 7.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.52, Meeting Records (1968), S. 293, 294, Rn. 3; UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.53, Meeting Records (1968), S. 299, 300, Rn. 9, S. 301, Rn. 16, S. 306, Rn. 69.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.54, Meeting Records (1968), S. 306, 307, Rn. 9; UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.56, Meeting Records (1968), S. 321, 322, Rn. 6.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.53, Meeting Records (1968), S. 299, 305, Rn. 66.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.56, Meeting Records (1968), S. 321, 327, Rn. 72.

Aus diesen Grund drohte beispielsweise die Schweiz, Artikel 50 ihre Zustimmung zu verweigern, UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.57, Meeting Records (1968), S. 328, 334, Rn. 93.

So auch das Fazit des Vorsitzenden Elias am Ende der Debatte, UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.57, Meeting Records (1968), S. 328, 334, Rn. 96.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.80, Meeting Records (1968), S. 471, 471, Rn. 2.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.80, Meeting Records (1968), S. 471, 472, Rn. 16. Die Gegenstimmen stammten von Monaco, der Schweiz und der Türkei, die Enthaltungen von Libyen, Neuseeland, Norwegen, Senegal, Südafrika, UK, Australien, Österreich, Belgien, Kanada, Chile, Dänemark, BRD, Frankreich, Gabun, Irland, Italien und Japan.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 94, Rn. 9.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 94, Rn. 12.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 95, Rn. 20.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 96, Rn. 31.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 97, Rn. 40.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 99, Rn. 68.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 99, Rn. 71.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Meeting Records (1969), S. 92, 98, Rn. 59.

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.20, Meeting Records (1969), S. 100, 106 f., Rn. 65. Mit nein stimmten die Schweiz, die Türkei, Australien, Belgien, Frankreich, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg und Marokko. Der Stimme enthielten sich Neuseeland, Norwegen, Portugal, Senegal, Südafrika, Tunesien, UK, Gabun, Irland, Japan, Malaysia und Malta.

100

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.36, Meeting Records (1969), S. 202, 203, Rn. 12; UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/27, Official Records (1968/1969), S. 289, 296.

101

Magallona, The Concept of Jus Cogens in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 51 Philippine Law Journal (1976), S. 521, 523.

102

Magallona, The Concept of Jus Cogens in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 51 Philippine Law Journal (1976), S. 521, 541.

103

Magallona, The Concept of Jus Cogens in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 51 Philippine Law Journal (1976), S. 521, 541. Magallona zitiert Verdross, Forbidden Treaties in International Law, 31 American Journal of International Law (1937), S. 571, 572.

104

Tunkin, Jus Cogens in Contemporary International Law, 3 Toledo Law Review (1971), S. 107, 115.

105

ICJ, ICJ-Reports 1970, S. 3, 32, Rn. 33.

106

ICJ, ICJ-Reports 1970, S. 3, 32, Rn. 34.

107

Frowein, Ius Cogens, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2013), Rn. 4; ICJ, ICJ- Reports 1996, S. 226, 258, Rn. 83.

108

Vgl. beispielsweise ICJ, ICJ-Reports 2004, S. 136, 199, Rn. 156 f.

109

Siehe Knauff, Konstitutionalisierung im inner- und überstaatlichen Recht – Konvergenz oder Divergenz?, 68 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (2008), S. 453, 466.

110

Fitzmaurice, UN Doc A/CN.4/107 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1957, II), S. 16, 30 ff.

111

Fitzmaurice, UN Doc A/CN.4/107 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1957, II), S. 16, 30.

112

Artikel 21 1, Fitzmaurice, UN Doc A/CN.4/107 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1957, II), S. 16, 32.

113

Artikel 22 2 I, ii, iv, Fitzmaurice, UN Doc A/CN.4/107 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1957, II), S. 16, 32 f.

114

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 80, Rn. 1.

115

Lissitzyn, Treaties and Changed Circumstances (Rebus Sic Stantibus), 61 American Journal of International Law 81967), S. 895, 995; Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 4, 31 ff.

116

Siehe beispielsweise Gentilis, De Iure Belli Libri Tres (1612, Nachdruck 1931); Grotius, De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres, in quibus Jus Naturae et Gentium, item Juris Publici Praecipua Explicantur (1651); Triepel, Völkerrecht und Landesrecht (1899).

117

Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 23.

118

McNair, The Law of Treaties (1961), S. 436 ff.

119

Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 27.

120

Jenks, The Common Law of Mankind (1958), S. 150 f.

121

Jenks, The Common Law of Mankind (1958), S. 150.

122

Jenks, The Common Law of Mankind (1958), S. 151 f.

123

Vgl. Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 82, Rn. 6.

124

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 80, Rn. 1 f.; PCIJ, PCIJ Series A No. 22, S. 4 ff.; PCIJ, PCIJ Series A/B No. 46, S. 96, 156 ff.

125

Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 368; PCIJ, PCIJ Series A/B No. 46, S. 96, 156 ff.

126

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 81, Rn. 4; PCIJ, PCIJ Series A No. 8 (1927), S. 3, 4 f.

127

Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 368.

128

Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 57.

129

Chiu, Comparison of the Nationalist and Communist Chinese Views of Unequal Treaties, in Cohen (Hrsg.), China’s Practice of International Law: Some Case Studies (1972), S. 239, 267.

130

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 82, Rn. 5.

131

Sehe zum Beispiel Röling, International Law in an Expanded World (1960), S. 73, Fn. 3.

132

(1974), S. 51; Malawer, Imposed Treaties and International Law, 7 California Western International Law Journal (1977), S. 1, 94

133

Ro’i, From Encroachment to Involvement: A Documentary Study of Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1973 (1974), S. 44; Korowin/Krylow/Koschewnikow/Jewgenew/Molodzow/Schurschalow, Völkerrecht (1960), S. 290.

134

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 36 f.

135

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 80, 83, Rn. 8.

136

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 83, Rn. 9 f.

137

Waldock, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/156 and Add. 1-3, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1963, II), S. 36, 80.

138

Siehe hierzu oben, Kapitel 5.

139

Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 57.

140

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 139, Rn. 29.

141

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 139, Rn. 34.

142

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 149, Rn. 64; ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 150, Rn. 7.

143

Siehe Nesi, Uti possidetis Doctrine, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2011), Rn. 4.

144

Lalonde, Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis (2002), S. 103 ff.

145

Milano, Unlawful Territorial Situations in International Law: Reconciling Effectiveness, Legality and Legitimacy (2006), S. 109; Vernet, Decolonization: Spanish Territories, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2013), Rn. 7 ff.; Fisch, Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker: Die Domestizierung einer Illusion (2010), S. 105 ff. Zum Ursprung des Prinzips siehe Lalonde, Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis (2002), S. 10 ff.

146

Milano, Unlawful Territorial Situations in International Law: Reconciling Effectiveness, Legality and Legitimacy (2006), S. 109 f.

147

Siehe hierzu Lalonde, Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis (2002), S. 103 ff.

148

Ab 2002 Afrikanische Union.

149

Lalonde, Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis (2002), S. 103 ff.

150

Siehe Bedjaoui, UN Doc A/CN.4/204 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1968, II), S. 94, 113.

151

Elias, The Charter of the Organisation of African Unity, 59 American Journal of International Law (1965), S. 243, 243 ff.; siehe auch Maluwa, International Law-making in the Organization of African Unity, 12 African Journal of international and Comparative Law (2000), S. 201, 215 f.; siehe zum Prinzip uti possidetis in Lateinamerika weiter Lalonde, Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis (2002), S. 24 ff.

152

Brownlie, African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopaedia (1979), S. 55 ff., 826 ff.; Shaw, Title to Territory in Africa: International Legal Issues (1986), S. 196 ff.; Shaw, International Law (5. Auflage 2003), S. 930.

153

Siehe hierzu auch Bedjaoui, UN Doc A/CN.4/204 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1968, II), S. 94, 113.

154

Bedjaoui, UN Doc A/CN.4/204 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1968, II), S. 94, 113.

155

Bedjaoui, UN Doc A/CN.4/204 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1968, II), S. 94, 112.

156

Craven, The Decolonization of International Law: State Succession and the Law of Treaties (2007), S. 205.

157

Vgl. Bedjaoui, UN Doc A/CN.4/204 and Corr. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1968, II), S. 94, 113 f.

158

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 140, Rn. 48.

159

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 140, Rn. 45.

160

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 153, Rn. 31.

161

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 147, Rn. 51.

162

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 151, Rn. 11 ff.

163

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 154, Rn. 45.

164

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.697, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 156, 158, Rn. 16.

165

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.697, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 156, 158, Rn. 16.

166

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.697, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 156, 158, Rn. 17.

167

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.697, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 156, 158, Rn. 18.

168

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 142, Rn. 61.

169

Siehe Tunkin (Hrsg.), International Law: A Textbook (1986), S. 48 f.; Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 4.

170

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 142, Rn. 61.

171

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.694, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 135, 143, 145, Rn. 22; ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 150, Rn. 6.

172

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 147, Rn. 49.

173

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 149, Rn. 62. Bartoš zählte das Prinzip rebus sic stantibus sogar zum zwingenden Völkerrecht, ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 148, Rn. 55.

174

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 149, Rn. 62.

175

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.695, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 143, 150, Rn. 70.

176

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 153, Rn. 31.

177

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.696, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 150, 155, Rn. 56.

178

Siehe dazu schon oben.

179

Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 29.

180

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 249 f., Rn. 27.

181

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 251, Rn. 46.

182

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 251, Rn. 46. Ähnlich auch Pal, ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.711, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 254, 254, Rn. 4.

183

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.711, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 254, 256, Para 25.

184

Siehe oben, Teil I.

185

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 251, Rn. 52.

186

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 251, Rn. 58.

187

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 252, Rn. 68.

188

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 252, Rn. 71. Ähnlich Tabibi, ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 253, Rn. 97.

189

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.710, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 247, 252, Rn. 78.

190

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.711, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 254, 256, Para 26.

191

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.717, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 290, 295, Para 76.

192

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.717, ILC-Yearbook (1963, I), S. 290, 295, Para 80; ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/163, ILC-Yearbook (1963, II), S. 187, 207. Enthalten hatte sich Briggs, siehe ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.833, ILC-Yearbook (1966, I, 1), S. 70, 77, Rn. 74.

193

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/163, ILC-Yearbook (1963, II), S. 187, 210, Para 11 f.

194

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.784, GAOR (1967), Rn. 36.

195

Beispielsweise die Tschechoslowakei und Jamaika, GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.787, GAOR (1967), Rn. 27; GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.791, GAOR (1963), Rn. 22.

196

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.791, GAOR (1963), Rn. 22; UN Doc A/CN.4/182 and Corr. 1&2 and Add. 1, 2/Rev. 1&3, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 285, 301.

197

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.789, GAOR (1967), Rn. 19 f.

198

Siehe dazu Teil III.

199

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.791, GAOR (1963), Rn. 37.

200

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.791, GAOR (1963), Rn. 41.

201

Vgl. ICJ, ICJ-Reports 1963, S. 15, 15 ff.

202

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.791, GAOR (1963), Rn. 42.

203

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.793, GAOR (1963), Rn. 21.

204

GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.792, GAOR (1963), Rn. 10; ähnlich argumentierte Bolivien, GA, UN Doc A/C.6/SR.793, GAOR (1963), Rn. 21.

205

Waldock, UN Doc A/CN.4/183 and Add. 1-4, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 1, 39.

206

Waldock, UN Doc A/CN.4/183 and Add. 1-4, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 1, 42, Rn. 2.

207

Siehe oben, Kapite l 6.

208

Waldock, UN Doc A/CN.4/183 and Add. 1-4, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 1, 43, Rn. 7.

209

Waldock, UN Doc A/CN.4/183 and Add. 1-4, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 1, 43, Rn. 7.

210

Waldock, UN Doc A/CN.4/183 and Add. 1-4, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 1, 44, Rn. 11.

211

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.834, ILC-Yearbook (1966, I, 1), S. 78, 79, Rn. 18.

212

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.834, ILC-Yearbook (1966, I, 1), S. 78, 79, Rn. 18.

213

ILC, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.842, ILC-Yearbook (1966, I, 1), S. 127, 130, Rn. 38, 42, 53; ILC, UN Doc A/6309/Rev. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 169, 256 f.

214

ILC, UN Doc A/6309/Rev. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 169w Commission (1966, II), S. 169, 259, Rn. 11.

215

ILC, UN Doc A/6309/Rev. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 169w Commission (1966, II), S. 169, 259, Rn. 11.

216

ILC, UN Doc A/6309/Rev. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 169w Commission (1966, II), S. 169, 259, Rn. 11.

217

ILC, UN Doc A/6309/Rev. 1, ILC-Yearbook (1966, II), S. 169w Commission (1966, II), S. 169, 259, Rn. 11.

218

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.63, Meeting Records (1968), S. 365, 366, Rn. 4, S. 370, Rn. 43, 45.

219

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/C.1/L.299, Official Records (1968/1969), S. 184.

220

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, First and Second Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968 and 9 April – 22 May 1969, Official Records, Documents of the Conference, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/C.1/L.335, S. 184; UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.63, Meeting Records (1968), S. 365, 367, Rn. 12.

221

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, Meeting Records (1968), S. 370, 371, Rn. 7.

222

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, Meeting Records (1968), S. 370, 373, Rn. 27 ff. Ähnlich auch Ecuador, Ungarn und Marokko, UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, Meeting Records (1968), S. 370, 376, Rn. 66; UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, Meeting Records (1968), S. 378, 379, Rn. 15, S. 380, Rn. 17.

223

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, Meeting Records (1968), S. 378, 380 f., Rn. 26.

224

Der vietnamesische Entwurf zu Absatz 2 (a) wurde mit 64 zu 1 Stimmen bei 13 Enthaltungen abgelehnt. Der US-amerikanische Entwurf wurde ebenfalls zweigeteilt, der zweite Teil („or otherwise establishing territorial status“) wurde mit 43 zu 14 Stimmen bei 28 Enthaltungen abgelehnt, der erste Teil („drawing a boundary“) wurde dem Drafting Committee übermittelt. UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, Meeting Records (1968), S. 378, 382, Rn. 38 f.

225

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, Meeting Records (1968), S. 378, 382, Rn. 41 f.

226

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, Meeting Records (1968), S. 370, 372, Rn. 23.

227

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, Meeting Records (1968), S. 370, 374, Rn. 44.

228

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, Meeting Records (1968), S. 370, 375, Rn. 53. So auch der Delegierte Weissrusslands, UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, Meeting Records (1968), S. 378, 379, Rn. 8.

229

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, Meeting Records (1968), S. 378, 382, Rn. 39.

230

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.81, Meeting Records (1968), S. 476, 479, Rn. 39.

231

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.81, Meeting Records (1968), S. 476, 480, Rn. 45 ff.

232

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.81, Meeting Records (1968), S. 476, 480, Rn. 49

233

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 116 ff.

234

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 117, Rn. 11 f.

235

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 118, Rn. 19 ff., S. 120 f., Rn. 40 ff.

236

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 118, Rn. 16, S. 120, Rn. 37, S. 121, Rn. 45.

237

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 121, Rn. 47.

238

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 121, Rn. 49.

239

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 121, Rn. 50.

240

UN Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Meeting Records (1969), S. 116, 122, Rn. 53.

241

242

Lissitzyn, Treaties and Changed Circumstances (Rebus Sic Stantibus), 61 American Journal of International Law 81967), S. 895, 918.

243

ICJ, ICJ-Reports 1974, S. 3, 18, Rn. 36; Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 369; Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 4, 19, 20, 26.

244

Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 26.

245

United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 1155, S. 496.

246

United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 1155, S. 500, 505.

247

Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 30.

248

Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2006), Rn. 30.

249

Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 369; Caflisch, Unequal Treaties, 35 German Yearbook of International Law (1992), S. 52, 77 f.

250

Hogg, The International Law Commission and the Law of Treaties, 59 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (1965), S. 8, 13.

251

Hogg, The International Law Commission and the Law of Treaties, 59 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (1965), S. 8, 13.

252

Vgl. Hogg, The International Law Commission and the Law of Treaties, 59 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (1965), S. 8, 13.

253

Siehe unten, Teil III.

254

Siehe hierzu auch Sinclair, Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties, 19 International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1970), S. 47, 49.

255

Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 374.

256

Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 375.

257

Craven, What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire, 74 Nordic Journal of International Law (2005), S. 335, 380.

258

Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 2.

259

Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 61, 63.

260

Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 61.

261

Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 61.

262

Vgl. Abi-Saab, The Newly Independent States and the Rules of International Law: An Outline, 8 Howard Law Journal (1962), S. 95, 106.

263

Elias, Africa and the Development of International Law (1972), S. 68.

264

Siehe oben Kapitel 3.

265

Vgl. Peters, Unequal Treaties, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2007), Rn. 69; Caflisch, Unequal Treaties, 35 German Yearbook of International Law (1992), S. 52, 78 f

266

Anghie, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law (2005), S. 241.

267

Rosenne, The Role of the International Law Commission, 64 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (1970), S. 24, 35.

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International Law Commission, UN Doc A/CN.4/SR.890, Summary Record of the 890th Meeting, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1966, I, 2), S. 307-314

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/27, First and Second Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968 and 9 April – 22 May 1969, Official Records, Documents of the Conference, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, S. 289-301

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.52, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 52nd Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 293-299

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.53, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 53rd Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 299-306

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.54, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 54th Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 306-315

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.56, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 56th Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 321-328

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.57, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 57th Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 328-334

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.63, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 63rd Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 365-370

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.64, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 64th Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 370-378

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.65, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 65th Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 378-386

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.80, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 80th Meeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 471-476

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.81, First Session, Vienna, 26 March – 24 May 1968, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 81stMeeting of the Committee of the Whole, S. 476-482

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.19, Second Session, Vienna, 9 April – 22 May 1969, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 19th Plenary Meeting, S. 92-100

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.20, Second Session, Vienna, 9 April – 22 May 1969, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 20th Plenary Meeting, 100-109

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.22, Second Session, Vienna, 9 April – 22 May 1969, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 22nd Plenary Meeting, S. 116-125

United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CONF.39/SR.36, Second Session, Vienna, 9 April – 22 May 1969, Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Committee of the Whole, 36th Plenary Meeting, S. 202-211

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Titel: Kapitel 7: Andere Normen zur Ächtung Ungleicher Verträge in der WVK
verfasst von: Anna Krueger
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Die Bindung der Dritten Welt an das postkoloniale Völkerrecht
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54412-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-54413-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54413-6_7

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