Business Ethics in Older German Business Administration: Heinrich Nicklisch, Wilhelm Kalveram, August Marx

When leaving the traditional rules of salesmanship and accounting as well as commercial and trading sciences (“old” business administration) out of consideration, the “new” business administration is a quite young discipline. Its origin in Germany can be traced back to the beginning of this century and the foundation of such academies.1 Within the industrial development and entrepreneurial activities, the question of organizing and leading a business in an appropriate, successful and scientifically sound way has become more meaningful and urgent. This is how “Private enterprise economics” (in German: Privatwirtschaftslehre) or “Individual economics” (Einzelwirtschaftslehre) have become a scientific discipline like the already established subject of economics.