Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

About the Complexity to Transfer Cloud Applications at Runtime and How Container Platforms Can Contribute?

verfasst von : Nane Kratzke

Erschienen in: Cloud Computing and Service Science

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Cloud-native applications are often designed for only one specific cloud infrastructure or platform. The effort to port such kind of applications into a different cloud is usually a laborious one time exercise. Modern Cloud-native application architecture approaches make use of popular elastic container platforms (Apache Mesos, Kubernetes, Docker Swarm). These kind of platforms contribute to a lot of existing cloud engineering requirements. This given, it astonishes that these kind of platforms (already existing and open source available) are not considered more consequently for multi-cloud solutions. These platforms provide inherent multi-cloud support but this is often overlooked. This paper presents a software prototype and shows how Kubernetes and Docker Swarm clusters could be successfully transfered at runtime across public cloud infrastructures of Google (Google Compute Engine), Microsoft (Azure) and Amazon (EC2) and further cloud infrastructures like OpenStack. Additionally, software engineering lessons learned are derived and some astonishing performance data of the mentioned cloud infrastructures is presented that could be used for further optimizations of IaaS transfers of Cloud-native applications.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
To the best of the author’s knowledge there are no research papers analyzing this interesting case study. So, the reader is referred to an Wired magazine article: https://​www.​wired.​com/​2014/​06/​facebook-instagram/​.
 
6
To get Kubernetes running in a multi-cloud scenario it is necessary to assign an additional virtual network interface with the public IP address of the node. Kubernetes provides no config options for that mode of operation! However, even these kind of obstacles can be transparently handled by drivers.
 
7
http://​www.​paasage.​eu/​ (visited 15th Feb. 2017).
 
8
In this case node termination (Azure blocking, OpenStack non-blocking).
 
9
According to the synergy 2016 Cloud Research Report http://​bit.​ly/​2f2FsGK (visited 12th Jul. 2017).
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratzke, N.: Smuggling multi-cloud support into cloud-native applications using elastic container platforms. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2017), pp. 29–42 (2017) Kratzke, N.: Smuggling multi-cloud support into cloud-native applications using elastic container platforms. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2017), pp. 29–42 (2017)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratzke, N., Quint, P.C.: Understanding Cloud-native applications after 10 years of Cloud Computing - a systematic mapping study. J. Syst. Softw. 126, 1–16 (2017)CrossRef Kratzke, N., Quint, P.C.: Understanding Cloud-native applications after 10 years of Cloud Computing - a systematic mapping study. J. Syst. Softw. 126, 1–16 (2017)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Quint, P.C., Kratzke, N.: Taming the complexity of elasticity, scalability and transferability in Cloud Computing - Cloud-Native applications for SMEs. Int. J. Adv. Netw. Serv. 9, 389–400 (2016) Quint, P.C., Kratzke, N.: Taming the complexity of elasticity, scalability and transferability in Cloud Computing - Cloud-Native applications for SMEs. Int. J. Adv. Netw. Serv. 9, 389–400 (2016)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratzke, N., Peinl, R.: ClouNS - a Cloud-native applications reference model for enterprise architects. In: 8th Workshop on Service oriented Enterprise Architecture for Enterprise Engineering (SoEA4EE 2016) in Conjunction with the EDOC 2016 Conference (2016) Kratzke, N., Peinl, R.: ClouNS - a Cloud-native applications reference model for enterprise architects. In: 8th Workshop on Service oriented Enterprise Architecture for Enterprise Engineering (SoEA4EE 2016) in Conjunction with the EDOC 2016 Conference (2016)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Qu, C., Calheiros, R.N., Buyya, R.: Auto-scaling Web applications in Clouds: a taxonomy and survey. CoRR abs/1609.09224 (2016) Qu, C., Calheiros, R.N., Buyya, R.: Auto-scaling Web applications in Clouds: a taxonomy and survey. CoRR abs/1609.09224 (2016)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Stine, M.: Migrating to Cloud-Native Application Architectures. O’Reilly, Sebastopol (2015) Stine, M.: Migrating to Cloud-Native Application Architectures. O’Reilly, Sebastopol (2015)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashtikar, S., Barker, C., Clem, B., Fichadia, P., Krupin, V., Louie, K., Malhotra, G., Nielsen, D., Simpson, N., Spence, C.: Open data center alliance best practices: architecting Cloud-Aware applications Rev. 1.0 (2014) Ashtikar, S., Barker, C., Clem, B., Fichadia, P., Krupin, V., Louie, K., Malhotra, G., Nielsen, D., Simpson, N., Spence, C.: Open data center alliance best practices: architecting Cloud-Aware applications Rev. 1.0 (2014)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Balalaie, A., Heydarnoori, A., Jamshidi, P.: Migrating to Cloud-Native architectures using microservices: an experience report. In: 1st International Workshop on Cloud Adoption and Migration (CloudWay), Taormina, Italy (2015) Balalaie, A., Heydarnoori, A., Jamshidi, P.: Migrating to Cloud-Native architectures using microservices: an experience report. In: 1st International Workshop on Cloud Adoption and Migration (CloudWay), Taormina, Italy (2015)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Namiot, D., Sneps-Sneppe, M.: On micro-services architecture. Int. J. Open Inf. Technol. 2(9), 24–27 (2014) Namiot, D., Sneps-Sneppe, M.: On micro-services architecture. Int. J. Open Inf. Technol. 2(9), 24–27 (2014)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Newman, S.: Building Microservices. O’Reilly Media, Incorporated, Sebastopol (2015) Newman, S.: Building Microservices. O’Reilly Media, Incorporated, Sebastopol (2015)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Barker, A., Varghese, B., Thai, L.: Cloud services brokerage: a survey and research roadmap. In: 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 1029–1032. IEEE (2015) Barker, A., Varghese, B., Thai, L.: Cloud services brokerage: a survey and research roadmap. In: 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 1029–1032. IEEE (2015)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Petcu, D., Vasilakos, A.V.: Portability in Clouds: approaches and research opportunities. Scalable Comput. Pract. Experience 15, 251–270 (2014) Petcu, D., Vasilakos, A.V.: Portability in Clouds: approaches and research opportunities. Scalable Comput. Pract. Experience 15, 251–270 (2014)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Toosi, A.N., Calheiros, R.N., Buyya, R.: Interconnected Cloud computing environments. ACM Comput. Surv. 47, 1–47 (2014)CrossRef Toosi, A.N., Calheiros, R.N., Buyya, R.: Interconnected Cloud computing environments. ACM Comput. Surv. 47, 1–47 (2014)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Grozev, N., Buyya, R.: Inter-Cloud architectures and application brokering: taxonomy and survey. Softw. Pract. Experience 44, 369–390 (2014) Grozev, N., Buyya, R.: Inter-Cloud architectures and application brokering: taxonomy and survey. Softw. Pract. Experience 44, 369–390 (2014)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hindman, B., Konwinski, A., Zaharia, M., Ghodsi, A., Joseph, A.D., Katz, R.H., Shenker, S., Stoica, I.: Mesos: a platform for fine-grained resource sharing in the data center. In: 8th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 2011), vol. 11 (2011) Hindman, B., Konwinski, A., Zaharia, M., Ghodsi, A., Joseph, A.D., Katz, R.H., Shenker, S., Stoica, I.: Mesos: a platform for fine-grained resource sharing in the data center. In: 8th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 2011), vol. 11 (2011)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Peinl, R., Holzschuher, F.: The Docker ecosystem needs consolidation. In: 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2015), pp. 535–542 (2015) Peinl, R., Holzschuher, F.: The Docker ecosystem needs consolidation. In: 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2015), pp. 535–542 (2015)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratzke, N., Quint, P.C.: How to operate container clusters more efficiently? Some insights concerning containers, software-defined-networks, and their sometimes counterintuitive impact on network performance. Int. J. Adv. Netw. Serv. 8, 203–214 (2015) Kratzke, N., Quint, P.C.: How to operate container clusters more efficiently? Some insights concerning containers, software-defined-networks, and their sometimes counterintuitive impact on network performance. Int. J. Adv. Netw. Serv. 8, 203–214 (2015)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Aderaldo, C.M., Mendonça, N.C., Pahl, C., Jamshidi, P.: Benchmark requirements for microservices architecture research. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering, ECASE 2017, Piscataway, NJ, USA, pp. 8–13. IEEE Press (2017) Aderaldo, C.M., Mendonça, N.C., Pahl, C., Jamshidi, P.: Benchmark requirements for microservices architecture research. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering, ECASE 2017, Piscataway, NJ, USA, pp. 8–13. IEEE Press (2017)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratzke, N., Quint, P.C.: About automatic benchmarking of IaaS Cloud service providers for a world of container clusters. J. Cloud Comput. Res. 1, 16–34 (2015) Kratzke, N., Quint, P.C.: About automatic benchmarking of IaaS Cloud service providers for a world of container clusters. J. Cloud Comput. Res. 1, 16–34 (2015)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Karwowski, W., Rusek, M., Dwornicki, G., Orłowski, A.: Swarm based system for management of containerized microservices in a Cloud consisting of heterogeneous servers. In: Borzemski, L., Świątek, J., Wilimowska, Z. (eds.) ISAT 2017. AISC, vol. 655, pp. 262–271. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67220-5_24CrossRef Karwowski, W., Rusek, M., Dwornicki, G., Orłowski, A.: Swarm based system for management of containerized microservices in a Cloud consisting of heterogeneous servers. In: Borzemski, L., Świątek, J., Wilimowska, Z. (eds.) ISAT 2017. AISC, vol. 655, pp. 262–271. Springer, Cham (2018). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-319-67220-5_​24CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrer, A.J., Hernandez, F., Tordsson, J., Elmroth, E., Ali-Eldin, A., Zsigri, C., Sirvent, R., Guitart, J., Badia, R.M., Djemame, K., Ziegler, W., Dimitrakos, T., Nair, S.K., Kousiouris, G., Konstanteli, K., Varvarigou, T., Hudzia, B., Kipp, A., Wesner, S., Corrales, M., Forgo, N., Sharif, T., Sheridan, C.: OPTIMIS: a holistic approach to Cloud service provisioning. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 28, 66–77 (2012)CrossRef Ferrer, A.J., Hernandez, F., Tordsson, J., Elmroth, E., Ali-Eldin, A., Zsigri, C., Sirvent, R., Guitart, J., Badia, R.M., Djemame, K., Ziegler, W., Dimitrakos, T., Nair, S.K., Kousiouris, G., Konstanteli, K., Varvarigou, T., Hudzia, B., Kipp, A., Wesner, S., Corrales, M., Forgo, N., Sharif, T., Sheridan, C.: OPTIMIS: a holistic approach to Cloud service provisioning. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 28, 66–77 (2012)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Paraiso, F., Haderer, N., Merle, P., Rouvoy, R., Seinturier, L.: A federated multi-cloud PaaS infrastructure. In: 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 392–399. IEEE (2012) Paraiso, F., Haderer, N., Merle, P., Rouvoy, R., Seinturier, L.: A federated multi-cloud PaaS infrastructure. In: 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing, pp. 392–399. IEEE (2012)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Petcu, D., Craciun, C., Neagul, M., Lazcanotegui, I., Rak, M.: Building an interoperability API for Sky computing. In: 2011 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation, pp. 405–411. IEEE (2011) Petcu, D., Craciun, C., Neagul, M., Lazcanotegui, I., Rak, M.: Building an interoperability API for Sky computing. In: 2011 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation, pp. 405–411. IEEE (2011)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamateri, E., Loutas, N., Zeginis, D., Ahtes, J., D’Andria, F., Bocconi, S., Gouvas, P., Ledakis, G., Ravagli, F., Lobunets, O., Tarabanis, K.A.: Cloud4SOA: A Semantic-Interoperability PaaS Solution for Multi-cloud Platform Management and Portability, pp. 64–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40651-5_6CrossRef Kamateri, E., Loutas, N., Zeginis, D., Ahtes, J., D’Andria, F., Bocconi, S., Gouvas, P., Ledakis, G., Ravagli, F., Lobunets, O., Tarabanis, K.A.: Cloud4SOA: A Semantic-Interoperability PaaS Solution for Multi-cloud Platform Management and Portability, pp. 64–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-642-40651-5_​6CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossini, A.: Cloud application modelling and execution language (CAMEL) and the PaaSage workflow. In: Advances in Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing - Workshops of ESOCC 2015, vol. 567, pp. 437–439 (2015) Rossini, A.: Cloud application modelling and execution language (CAMEL) and the PaaSage workflow. In: Advances in Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing - Workshops of ESOCC 2015, vol. 567, pp. 437–439 (2015)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Lushpenko, M., Ferry, N., Song, H., Chauvel, F., Solberg, A.: Using adaptation plans to control the behavior of Models@Runtime. In: Bencomo, N., Götz, S., Song, H. (eds.) MRT 2015: 10th International Workshop on Models@run.time, Co-located with MODELS 2015: 18th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, vol. 1474 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR (2015) Lushpenko, M., Ferry, N., Song, H., Chauvel, F., Solberg, A.: Using adaptation plans to control the behavior of Models@Runtime. In: Bencomo, N., Götz, S., Song, H. (eds.) MRT 2015: 10th International Workshop on Models@run.time, Co-located with MODELS 2015: 18th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, vol. 1474 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR (2015)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Baur, D., Domaschka, J.: Experiences from building a cross-cloud orchestration tool. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on CrossCloud Infrastructures & Platforms, CrossCloud 2016, New York, NY, USA, pp. 4:1–4:6. ACM (2016) Baur, D., Domaschka, J.: Experiences from building a cross-cloud orchestration tool. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on CrossCloud Infrastructures & Platforms, CrossCloud 2016, New York, NY, USA, pp. 4:1–4:6. ACM (2016)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Giove, F., Longoni, D., Yancheshmeh, M.S., Ardagna, D., Di Nitto, E.: An approach for the development of portable applications on PaaS Clouds. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, pp. 591–601. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications (2013) Giove, F., Longoni, D., Yancheshmeh, M.S., Ardagna, D., Di Nitto, E.: An approach for the development of portable applications on PaaS Clouds. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, pp. 591–601. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications (2013)
Metadaten
Titel
About the Complexity to Transfer Cloud Applications at Runtime and How Container Platforms Can Contribute?
verfasst von
Nane Kratzke
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94959-8_2