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2010 | Buch

Spatial Statistics and Modeling

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Über dieses Buch

Spatial statistics are useful in subjects as diverse as climatology, ecology, economics, environmental and earth sciences, epidemiology, image analysis and more. This book covers the best-known spatial models for three types of spatial data: geostatistical data (stationarity, intrinsic models, variograms, spatial regression and space-time models), areal data (Gibbs-Markov fields and spatial auto-regression) and point pattern data (Poisson, Cox, Gibbs and Markov point processes). The level is relatively advanced, and the presentation concise but complete.

The most important statistical methods and their asymptotic properties are described, including estimation in geostatistics, autocorrelation and second-order statistics, maximum likelihood methods, approximate inference using the pseudo-likelihood or Monte-Carlo simulations, statistics for point processes and Bayesian hierarchical models. A chapter is devoted to Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (Gibbs sampler, Metropolis-Hastings algorithms and exact simulation).
A large number of real examples are studied with R, and each chapter ends with a set of theoretical and applied exercises. While a foundation in probability and mathematical statistics is assumed, three appendices introduce some necessary background. The book is accessible to senior undergraduate students with a solid math background and Ph.D. students in statistics. Furthermore, experienced statisticians and researchers in the above-mentioned fields will find the book valuable as a mathematically sound reference.

This book is the English translation of Modélisation et Statistique Spatiales published by Springer in the series Mathématiques & Applications, a series established by Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI).

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Second-order spatial models and geostatistics
Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the study of second-order random fields, i.e., real-valued random fields where each X s has finite variance. We also study the broader class of intrinsic random fields, that is, random fields with increments of finite variance. We consider two approaches.
Carlo Gaetan, Xavier Guyon
Chapter 2. Gibbs-Markov random fields on networks
Abstract
Without additional hypotheses, conditional distributions {v i} are not generally compatible in this way. In this chapter, we will begin by describing a general family of conditional distributions called Gibbs specifications that are compatible without further conditions; Gibbs specifications are characterized by potentials. Their importance is enhanced by the Hammersley-Clifford theorem showing that Markov random fields are Gibbs random fields with local potentials. Besag’s auto-models are a particularly simple subclass of Markov random fields that are useful in spatial statistics.
Carlo Gaetan, Xavier Guyon
Chapter 3. Spatial point processes
Abstract
PPs are used in a variety of situations (Diggle, (62)), in ecology and forestry (spatial distribution of plant species; (154)), spatial epidemiology (pointwise location of sick individuals; (141)), materials science (porosity models; (197)), seismology and geophysics (earthquake epicenters and intensities) and astrophysics (locations of stars in nebulae; (163)).
Carlo Gaetan, Xavier Guyon
Chapter 4. Simulation of spatial models
Abstract
Being able to simulate probability distributions and random variables is useful whenever we lack an analytic solution to a problem, be it combinatorial (number of ways to put 32 dominoes on an 8 × 8 grid), a search for maxima (Bayesian image reconstruction, cf. §2.2.2) or calculating integrals.
Carlo Gaetan, Xavier Guyon
Chapter 5. Statistics for spatial models
Abstract
In this chapter we present the main statistical methods used to deal with the three types of data seen in earlier chapters. As well as general statistical methods that can be applied to various structures (maximum likelihood, minimum contrast, least squares, estimation of generalized linear models, the method of moments), we have specific techniques for each type of structure: variogram clouds in geostatistics, conditional pseudo-likelihood, Markov random field coding, nearest-neighbor distances, composite likelihood for PPs, etc. We will present each method in turn.
Carlo Gaetan, Xavier Guyon
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Spatial Statistics and Modeling
verfasst von
Carlo Gaetan
Xavier Guyon
Copyright-Jahr
2010
Verlag
Springer New York
Electronic ISBN
978-0-387-92257-7
Print ISBN
978-0-387-92256-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92257-7