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1996 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Engineering Design

A Systematic Approach

verfasst von: Gerhard Pahl, Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult, Wolfgang Beitz, Dr.-Ing.

herausgegeben von: Ken Wallace

Verlag: Springer London

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

The aIm of the first two German editions of our book Kon­ struktionslehre (Engineering Design) was to present a comprehensive, consistent and clear approach to systematic engineering design. The book has been translated into five languages, making it a standard international reference of equal importance for improving the design methods of practising designers in industry and for educating students of mechanical engineering design. Although the third German edition conveys essentially the same message, it contains additional knowledge based on further findings from design research and from the application of systematic design methods in practice. The latest references have also been included. With these additions the book achieves all our aims and represents the state of the art. Substantial sections remain identical to the previous editions. The main extensions include: - a discussion of cognitive psychology, which enhances the creativity of design work; - enhanced methods for product planning; - principles of design for recycling; - examples of well-known machine elements*; - special methods for quality assurance; and - an up-to-date treatment of CAD*.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction
Abstract
The main task of engineers is to apply their scientific and engineering knowledge to the solution of technical problems, and then to optimise those solutions within the requirements and constraints set by material, technological, economic, legal, environmental and human-related considerations (see 2.1.7). Problems become concrete tasks after the clarification and definition of the problems which engineers have to solve to create new technical products (artefacts). The mental creation of a new product is the task of design or development engineers, whereas its physical realisation is the responsibility of manufacturing engineers. In this book, designer is used synonymously for design and development engineer. Designers contribute to finding solutions and developing products in a very specific way. They carry a heavy responsibility since their ideas, knowledge and skills determine in a decisive way the technical, economic and ecological properties of the product.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
2. Fundamentals
Abstract
Designing is a many-sided and wide-ranging activity. It is based not only on mathematics, physics and their branches—mechanics, thermodynamics etc—but also on production technology, materials science, machine elements, industrial management and computer science, which are not discussed in this book.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
3. Process of Planning and Designing
Abstract
In the previous two chapters we examined the fundamentals on which design work should be built to best advantage. They form the basis of a systematic approach which practising designers can follow, regardless of their speciality. The approach is not based on one method but applies known and less well known methods where they are most suitable and useful for specific tasks and working steps.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
4. General Methods for Finding and Evaluating Solutions
Abstract
In the planning and product development process (see 3.2), many methods are used. They can be divided into general methods and problem-specific methods. The former are not linked to a specific design phase or type of product, but support the search for solutions and the evaluations that take place throughout the design process. The latter, on the other hand, can only be used for specific tasks, for example to calculate stiffnesses or to estimate costs.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
5. Product Planning and Clarifying the Task
Abstract
Assignments are set not only by clients but increasingly, and especially in the case of original designs, they originate in the special planning departments of companies. In that case, designers are bound by the planning ideas of others. Even then, however, the special skills of designers will prove most useful in the medium- and long-term planning of products. The senior staff of the design department should therefore maintain close contacts not only with the production department, but also with the product planning department.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
6. Conceptual Design
Abstract
Conceptual design is that part of the design process in which, by the identification of the essential problems through abstraction, by the establishment of function structures and by the search for appropriate working principles and their combination, the basic solution path is laid down through the elaboration of a solution principle. Conceptual design determines the principle of a solution.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
7. Embodiment Design
Abstract
Embodiment design is that part of the design process in which, starting from the working structure or concept of a technical product, the design is developed, in accordance with technical and economic criteria and in the light of further information, to the point where subsequent detail design can lead directly to production (see 3.2).
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
8. Developing Size Ranges and Modular Products
Abstract
Size ranges provide a rationalisation of design and production procedures [8.35].
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
9. Design for Quality
Abstract
Achieving product quality appropriate for the market (see 2.1.8 and 7.2) starts with the design process [9.1, 9.9]. Quality cannot be achieved simply though testing and developing a product — it has to be built-in from the beginning of the design process and maintained throughout the production process. Just as design commits a large proportion of a product’s costs (see 10), up to 80% of all faults can be traced back to insufficient planning and design work [9.12]. Furthermore, up to 60% of all breakdowns that occur within the warranty period are caused by incorrect or incomplete product development.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
10. Design for Minimum Cost
Abstract
It is important to identify cost factors as early and as accurately as possible in the design process. This is true for all types of design, including the development of size ranges and modular products. It is well known that the majority of costs have been committed when the solution principle has been selected and its embodiment completed. During the production and assembly stages there are relatively few opportunities to reduce costs. It is important, therefore, to start cost optimisation as early as possible since any design changes that have to be made during production are usually very costly. This might prolong the design process, but overall it is more economical than a retrospective drive to reduce costs [10.18].
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
11. Summary
Abstract
After examining the historical background, the fundamentals and generally applicable problem solving and evaluation methods, this book describes a step-by-step approach to design, starting with product planning and clarification of the task and proceeding to the conceptual and embodiment design phases. As a special contribution to cost-effective design, the development of size ranges and modular products is discussed.
Gerhard Pahl, Wolfgang Beitz
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Engineering Design
verfasst von
Gerhard Pahl, Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult
Wolfgang Beitz, Dr.-Ing.
herausgegeben von
Ken Wallace
Copyright-Jahr
1996
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4471-3581-4
Print ISBN
978-3-540-19917-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3581-4