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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

15. Multiple Linear Regression

verfasst von : Cheng-Few Lee, John C. Lee, Alice C. Lee

Erschienen in: Statistics for Business and Financial Economics

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

Chapters 13 and 14 examined in detail the simple regression model with one independent variable (such as amount of fertilizer) and one dependent variable (such as yield of corn). In many cases, however, more than one factor can affect the outcome under study. In addition to fertilizer, rainfall and temperature certainly influence the yield of corn. In business, not only rates of return for the stock market at large affect the return on General Motors or Ford stock. Other variables, such as leverage ratio, payout ratio, and dividend yield also contribute. Therefore, regression analysis with more than one independent variable is an important analytical tool.

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Fußnoten
1
Practical examples based on Eq. 15.2 will be explored in the applications section of this chapter.
 
2
Using Eq. 15.3 to estimate regression parameters will be discussed in Sect. 15.3.
 
3
Equation 15.5 is a three-equation simultaneous equation system with three unknowns. The values of these three unknowns can be obtained by solving this system of simultaneous equations, by using the formula derived in this section, or by using an appropriate computer package (see Sect. 15.8).
 
4
In this new coordinate system, \( \Sigma_{i=1}^n{x_{1i }},\Sigma_{i=1}^n{x_{2i }}, \) and \( \Sigma_{i=1}^n{y_i} \) become \( \Sigma_{i=i}^n({x_{1i }}-{{\bar{x}}_1})=0, \) \( \Sigma_{i=1}^n({x_{2i }}-{{\bar{x}}_2})=0 \), and \( \Sigma_{i=1}^n({y_i}-\bar{y})=0 \). If we set \( x_{1i}^{\prime }={x_{1i }}-{{\bar{x}}_1},x_{2i}^{\prime}={x_{2i }}-{{\bar{x}}_2} \) and \( y_i^{\prime }={y_i}-\bar{y}, \) then Eq. 15.5 reduce to Eq. 15.6.
 
5
Using the definitions of \( \hat{y}_i^{\prime},x_{1i}^{\prime },\;\mathrm{ and}\;x_{2i}^{\prime }, \) we can rewrite Eq. 15.9 as
$$ ({{\hat{y}}_i}-\bar{y})={b_1}({x_{1i }}-{{\bar{x}}_1})+{b_2}({x_{2i }}-{{\bar{x}}_2}) $$
which becomes
$$ {{\hat{y}}_i}=(\bar{y}-{b_1}{{\bar{x}}_1}-{b_2}{{\bar{x}}_2})+{b_1}{x_{1i }}+{b_2}{x_{2i }} $$
(15.9'′)
 
6
Because R 2 = 1 – SSE/SST = SSR/SST,
$$ \frac{{{R^2}}}{{1-{R^2}}}=\frac{\mathrm{ SSR}/\mathrm{ SST}}{\mathrm{ SSE}/\mathrm{ SST}}=\frac{\mathrm{ SSR}}{\mathrm{ SSE}} $$
 
7
Derivations of Eqs. 15.23 and 15.24 can be found in Appendix 1. Note that these two equations are generally estimated by computer packages (see Sect. 15.8). Manual approaches are presented here to show how sample variances of multiple regression slopes are actually calculated.
 
8
x 1,n + 1 and x 2,n + 1 can be either given values or forecasted values. When a regression is used to describe a time-series relationship, they are forecasted values.
 
9
P. Bobko and L. Donnelly (1988), “Identifying Correlations of Job-Level, Overall Worth Estimates: Application in a Public Sector Organization,” Human Performance 3, 187–204
 
10
In these regressions, we hold the price of a ballpoint pen and the income of a consumer constant, because this is a set of cross-sectional data.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Multiple Linear Regression
verfasst von
Cheng-Few Lee
John C. Lee
Alice C. Lee
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5897-5_15