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1981 | Buch

Emulsion Polymerization and Its Applications in Industry

verfasst von: V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev

Verlag: Springer US

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Über dieses Buch

There is a large body of Soviet work on emulsion polymerization, spanning a period of over three decades, that has been published primarily in the Russian language. Most of this has remained untranslated into English and hence un­ available to most other scientists. The value of this book lies primarily in the fact that it brings together the most important of these Soviet contributions, along with comment and analysis by the authors, who may be considered among the foremost authorities in this field in the Soviet Union. But the hundreds of literature citations go far beyond the borders of the Soviet Union and serve as an excellent bibliography of the world literature on emulsion polymerization up to the time this book was written. The book covers both fundamental and applied aspects. In the former are included discussions of particle formation mechanisms, a comprehensive theory of emulsion polymerization, copolymerization of polar monomers, and particle morphology and its implications with regard to derived film properties. Among the applied aspects are discussions of continuous emulsion polymerization, both tubular reactors and continuous stirred tank cascades, and various aspects con­ cerning the manufacture of some of the most important monomers, such as styrene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and chloroprene. This book will be an indispensable reference source for scientists who are entering the field as well as those who are experienced and who have wanted a ready access to this large body of literature.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Part 1

Frontmatter
1. Emulsion Polymerization of Nonpolar Monomers
Abstract
Emulsion polymerization is the method of conducting the polymerization of a monomer in a dispersing medium (usually water) that leads to the formation of a polymer dispersion with particles of a colloidal degree of dispersity.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
2. Quantitative Description of Emulsion Polymerization
Abstract
A quantitative theory for emulsion polymerization was first proposed by Smith and Ewart. In their classic work [1], they obtained equations for determining the rate of polymerization and the number of latex particles. It should be pointed out that the Smith-Ewart theory applies only to the emulsion polymerization of monomers weakly soluble in water in the presence of water-soluble initiators and ionic, nonspecific, micelle-forming emulsifiers at concentrations significantly exceeding the critical micelle concentration. A typical example of such a process is the emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of an alkali salt of persulfuric acid, using an alkali salt of a fatty acid as the emulsifier. A qualitative mechanism of such a process was proposed by Yurzhenko [2, 3] and Harkins [4–6], working independently of each other. The following main premises of this mechanism were taken by Smith and Ewart as the basis for developing their quantitative theory.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
3. Characteristics of Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization of Polar Monomers
Abstract
The quantitative theory of emulsion polymerization presented in Chapter 2 was formulated during mathematical examination of a model of the process which did not take into consideration molecular interaction at the interface. It is apparent that during polymerization in an aqueous medium this factor has greater significance the more polar the monomer. This interaction influences such important polymerization parameters as particle interaction, true and colloidal solubility of the monomer, emulsifier adsorption, equilibrium concentration of the monomer in particles, etc. The significant difference of these parameters during polymerization between polar and hydrophobic monomers should lead to significant changes in the mechanism of particle formation, in the kinetics of the process, and in the colloidal behavior of the latex systems formed.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev

Part 2

Frontmatter
4. Butadiene Polymers and Copolymers
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene (bivinyl) is the simplest representative of a series of hydrocarbons with conjugated double bonds and is, at the same time, the cheapest of them. It is not surprising, therefore, that this hydrocarbon is used worldwide as a principal monomer in the industrial production of emulsion rubberlike polymers which are capable of vulcanization via formation of sulfur bridges between the macromolecules.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
5. Polymers Based on Polystyrene Latexes
Abstract
As a result of its high reactivity, relatively easy methods for its purification, good reproducibility of polymerization results, and the fact that it is normally found in the liquid state, styrene has become the model monomer for studying the kinetics and mechanism of radical polymerization (see Chapter 1).
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
6. Polymers and Latexes Based on Vinyl Acetate
Abstract
Of all the vinyl monomers produced by world industry in fairly large volumes, vinyl acetate differs in that the greater portion of it (60–70%) is used for preparing aqueous dispersions by means of emulsion polymerization.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
7. Latexes Based on Acrylic Monomers
Abstract
Acrylic polymers are gaining ever increasing importance in various areas of technology as a result of the universality of their properties. By changing the monomer ratio in copolymerization, it is possible to obtain products having a combination of valuable physicomechanical properties. The construction, automobile, paper, leather, electrical technology, and textile industries are the main users of polymers of this class, in addition to many other areas of industry.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
8. Chloroprene Polymers and Latexes
Abstract
Chloroprene (2-chloro-l, 3-butadiene) was one of the first monomers used on an industrial scale for preparing rubbers and latexes and remains to this day widely used for this purpose. At present, it is polymerized almost exclusively by the emulsion method.
V. I. Eliseeva, S. S. Ivanchev, S. I. Kuchanov, A. V. Lebedev
Metadaten
Titel
Emulsion Polymerization and Its Applications in Industry
verfasst von
V. I. Eliseeva
S. S. Ivanchev
S. I. Kuchanov
A. V. Lebedev
Copyright-Jahr
1981
Verlag
Springer US
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4684-1641-1
Print ISBN
978-1-4684-1643-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1641-1