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2009 | Buch

Introduction to Model-based Fault Diagnosis and Fault-tolerant Control Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Fault-tolerant Control Systems

Design and Practical Applications

verfasst von: Hassan Noura, Didier Theilliol, Jean-Christophe Ponsart, Abbas Chamseddine

Verlag: Springer London

Buchreihe : Advances in Industrial Control

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

The seriesAdvancesinIndustrialControl aims to report and encourage te- nologytransfer in controlengineering. The rapid development of controlte- nology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies. . . , new challenges. Much of this devel- ment work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers, and the - ports of advanced collaborative projects. The series o?ers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. Control system design and technology continues to develop in many d- ferent directions. One theme that the Advances in Industrial Control series is following is the application of nonlinear control design methods, and the series has some interesting new commissions in progress. However, another theme of interest is how to endow the industrial controller with the ability to overcome faults and process degradation. Fault detection and isolation is a broad ?eld with a research literature spanning several decades. This topic deals with three questions: • How is the presence of a fault detected? • What is the cause of the fault? • Where is it located? However, there has been less focus on the question of how to use the control system to accommodate and overcome the performance deterioration caused by the identi?ed sensor or actuator fault.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Introduction to Model-based Fault Diagnosis and Fault-tolerant Control
Abstract
The automation of a process consists in providing a quasi-optimal solution to obtain the best possible quality of the final product and consequently an increase in profits. Automated system control theory has been widely developed and applied to industrial processes. These techniques ensure the stability of the closed-loop system and yield a pre-defined performance in the case where all system components operate safely. However, the more the process is automated, the more it is subject to the occurrence of faults. Consequently, a conventional feedback control design may result in an unsatisfactory performance in the event of malfunctions in the actuators, sensors, or other components of the system. This may even lead the system to instability. In highly automated industrial systems where maintenance or repair cannot always be achieved immediately, it is convenient to design control methods capable of ensuring nominal performance when taking into account the occurrence of faults. This control is referred to as fault-tolerant control (FTC) which has become of paramount importance in the last few decades. The design of an FTC system requires obviously quick fault detection and isolation (FDI) for adequate decision making. Hence, to preserve the safety of operators and the reliability of processes, the presence of faults must be taken into account during the system control design.
2. Actuator and Sensor Fault-tolerant Control Design
Abstract
Many industrial systems are complex and nonlinear. When it is not easy to deal with the nonlinear models, systems are usually described by linear or linearized models around operating points. This notion of operating point is very important when a linearized model is considered, but it is not always easily understood. The objective in this chapter is to highlight the way to seek an operating point and to show a complete procedure which includes the identification step, the design of the control law, the FDI, and the FTC. In addition to the detailed approach dealing with linearized systems around an operation point, a nonlinear approach will be presented.
3. Application to a Winding Machine
Abstract
Web transport systems allow the operations of unwinding and rewinding of various products including plastic films, sheets of paper, sheets, and fabrics. These operations are necessary for the development and the treatment of these products. Web transport systems generally consist of the same machine elements in spite of the diversity of the transported products. A reduced pilot-plant of an industrial web transport system allows studying of the different operations. The characteristics of this pilot-plant and its control device are presented in the following. The control of these systems is not simple because their dynamic characteristics change throughout unwinding. Moreover, quality standards of rewinding and the requirements of manufacture are often very constraining. The FTC system associated with the fault diagnosis module should improve the control performance without leading to undesirable consequences such as faults or catastrophic breakdowns [124].
4. Application to a Three-tank System
Abstract
In this chapter, a hydraulic system that can be used for water treatment or storing liquids in many industrial plants is considered. During these processes, chemical reactions are supposed to occur around pre-defined operating points. Therefore, the liquid levels control in a plant is crucial in order to provide desired specifications. Using a prototype of a hydraulic system, researchers have successfully tested various methods of linear or nonlinear decoupling control and model-based fault diagnosis.
5. Sensor Fault-tolerant Control Method for Active Suspension System
Abstract
The main objective of vehicle suspension is to reduce the effect of the vibrations generated by road irregularities on the human body. The suspension system is classified as a passive, semi-active, or active suspension, according to its ability to add or extract energy. In active suspension, the force actuator is able to both add and dissipate energy from the system. This will enable the suspension to control the attitude of the vehicle, reduce the effects of braking and vehicle roll during cornering maneuvers, in addition to its capability to increase ride comfort and vehicle road handling.
6. Conclusion
Abstract
The theory of FDI and FTC has been developed for years. The objective of this book was to present FDI/FTC techniques applied to real laboratory-scale systems or in simulation to a realistic model of an industrial system. Many research studies have been developed in the literature. Only some of them are applied to real systems and many others consider theoretical development in linear and nonlinear cases. Moreover, many of these methods do not take into account the fault diagnostic module and consider that the fault has already been detected and isolated properly. However, it goes without saying that the performance of any FTC method is tightly linked to the information issued from the FDI module.
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Fault-tolerant Control Systems
verfasst von
Hassan Noura
Didier Theilliol
Jean-Christophe Ponsart
Abbas Chamseddine
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer London
Electronic ISBN
978-1-84882-653-3
Print ISBN
978-1-84882-652-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-653-3

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