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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Planning for Water Resources Management Under Climatic Extremes: The Case Study of a Hyper-Arid Region

verfasst von : M. Dinesh Kumar, A. J. James, Nitin Bassi

Erschienen in: Management of Irrigation and Water Supply Under Climatic Extremes

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Luni River Basin in western Rajasthan experiences extreme climatic conditions with very hot summer and extremely cold winter, compounded by high inter-annual variability in rainfall and other weather parameters that cause severe droughts and occasional floods. Pali is one of the districts in this hyper-arid river basin. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater and surface water for irrigation has caused aquifer mining and environmental water stress. In order to identify the water management options for the basin that can help mitigate droughts and arrest groundwater depletion, a water accounting study was undertaken. This helped assess the quantum of water being used in various sectors, and evaluate the opportunities available for augmenting the supplies and reducing the demand for water in consumptive use sectors. Further analysis was carried out for a district, which falls fully in the basin, to analyse the extent to which each one of these interventions would help augment replenishable groundwater resources and reduce the demand for water in irrigation. The policy reforms required in the irrigation sector for affecting the implementation of these interventions are also identified.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Managing Climate-Induced Water Risks: A Case Study of Institutional Alternatives

Nächstes Kapitel Planning of Rural Water Supply Systems: Role of Climatic Factors and Other Considerations

Past studies and old official records of the government of Rajasthan report a basin area of 37,000 km². The report study by Tahal consultants, however, has considered a modified area of 69,302 km², based on terrestrial modeling. In our study, we have considered the modified basin area of 69,302 km², which includes large areas in the northern side.

The analysis carried out by Bhuiyan and Kogan (2010) of droughts in the basin considered the drainage area, as per the old official records of Rajasthan government, i.e., 37,000 km².

This is based on the estimates for industrial water demand in India for the year 2010 (Kumar 2010), which indicates an average per capita water demand of 20 m³ for industrial uses.

Note that, in a strict theoretical sense, the ‘total consumptive water use’ in crop production is different from ‘total water applied’ and ‘total water applied to the crop’ is also different from ‘irrigation dosage’. Please see Annex 2 in James and Kumar (2019) for details.

This is a function of animal body weight.

Tahal Consultants’ Report on water resources in Rajasthan, Vol. 3.2.

To estimate the recharge from artificial recharge structures, a new method (double difference) has to be employed, wherein the water level fluctuation in two localities (receiving almost the same amount of rainfall) – one WITH recharge structure and the other WITHOUT the recharge structures – are considered and the difference in the average (pre and post monsoon) water level fluctuation taken. This is to nullify the effect of natural recharge on water levels and disaggregate the effect of the structures. The same approach can be used to estimate the recharge from the structures post monsoon.

The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system is a user-friendly water balance model that can be used for water resource assessment and basin planning. The water supply-demand balance for any geographical unit can be set up using WEAP model, and the same can be integrated into the basin in which the district falls.

Seckler (1996) details he distinction between real water saving and notional water saving.

Note, only crops with distant spacing between plants and between rows have been considered, and not crops such as wheat, pearl millet, sorghum and maize.

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Titel: Planning for Water Resources Management Under Climatic Extremes: The Case Study of a Hyper-Arid Region
verfasst von: M. Dinesh Kumar
A. J. James
Nitin Bassi
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Management of Irrigation and Water Supply Under Climatic Extremes
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59458-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-59459-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59459-6_5