Intelligent Systems in Cybernetics and Automation Theory

Frontmatter

Extraction of Referential Heading-Entries in Recognized Table of Contents Pages

Abstract

This paper presents our research focusing on extracting referential heading-entries in recognized table of contents (TOC) pages. This task encounters two issues: the complexity of layouts (e.g., a referential heading-entry can have one or many lines, with “decorate” texts, etc.), and some text data errors caused by OCR processing in training data. Our approach uses several layout-based and content-based features to classify textual lines of TOC pages in datasets. Also, we propose synthesis rules to combine related and classified lines into identify referential heading-entries. The experiments are conducted on ICDAR Book Structure Extraction Datasets 2009, 2011, and 2013. The results of experiments show that proposed approach is more efficient than previous methods of referential heading-entries extraction.

Phuc Tri Nguyen, Dang Tuan Nguyen

Correlation Coefficient Analysis of Centrality Metrics for Complex Network Graphs

Abstract

The high-level contribution of this paper is a correlation coefficient analysis of the well-known centrality metrics (degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, farness centrality and eccentricity) for network analysis studies on real-world network graphs representing diverse domains (ranging from 34 nodes to 332 nodes). We observe the two degree-based centrality metrics (degree and eigenvector centrality) to be highly correlated across all the networks studied. There is predominantly a moderate level of correlation between any two of the shortest paths-based centrality metrics (betweenness, closeness, farness and eccentricity) and such a correlation is consistently observed across all the networks. Though we observe a poor correlation between a degree-based centrality metric and a shortest-path based centrality metric for regular random networks, as the variation in the degree distribution of the vertices increases (i.e., as the network gets increasingly scale-free), the correlation coefficient between the two classes of centrality metrics increases.

Natarajan Meghanathan

Models Adaptation of Complex Objects Structure Dynamics Control

Abstract

In this paper we present a dynamic multiple criteria model of integrated adaptive planning and scheduling for complex objects (CO). Various types of CO are in use currently, for example: virtual enterprises, supply chains, telecommunication systems, etc. Hereafter, we refer to CO as systems of those types. The adaptation control loops are explicitly integrated within the model of analytical simulation. The mathematical approach is based on a combined application of control theory, operations research, systems analysis, and modeling and simulation theory. In particular, a scheduling problem for CO is considered as a dynamic interpretation. New procedures of dynamic decomposition help us to find the parameter values of the model’s adaptation. The example demonstrates a general optimization scheme to be applied to the problem of division of competencies between the coordinating and operating levels of the CO via parametric adaptation of the model’s described structure dynamics control processes.

Boris V. Sokolov, Vyacheslav A. Zelentsov, Olga Brovkina, Victor F. Mochalov, Semyon A. Potryasaev

Electronic Computing Equipment Schemes Elements Placement Based on Hybrid Intelligence Approach

Abstract

The problem of electronic computing equipment (ECE) schemes elements placement within a switching field is considered in this article. It refers to the class of design problems that are NP-hard and NP-full. The authors suggested a new approach on the basis of genetic algorithm (GA) integration and a fuzzy control model of algorithm parameters. A fuzzy logical controller structure is described in the article. To confirm the method effectiveness a brief program description is reviewed.

L. A. Gladkov, N. V. Gladkova, S. N. Leiba

Trends in the Sensor Development

Abstract

The current cyberspace also uses intensive development of sensors. The motivation are the requirements on control and informatics systems, security applications, monitoring and environmental protection, energy saving, health requirements etc. In the paper there are described the large-scale innovations of the sensor area for measuring the composition and concentration of the gas mixture, modern temperature measurement sensors and MEMS.

Frantisek Hruska

Robust Stability Analysis for Families of Spherical Polynomials

Abstract

The families of spherical polynomials provide not very commonly utilized definition of uncertainty bounding set for systems with parametric uncertainty. The principal aim of this contribution is to present such spherical polynomial families, their description and related robust stability analysis. The illustrative example demonstrates an easy-to-use graphical method of robust stability investigation theoretically based on the value set concept and the zero exclusion condition and practically performed through the Polynomial Toolbox for Matlab.

Radek Matušů, Roman Prokop

Algebraic Methods in Autotuning Design: Theory and Design

Abstract

The contribution presents a set of single input – output (SISO) principles for the design and tuning of continuous-time controllers for the utilization in autotuning schemes. The emphasis of the design is laid to SISO systems with time delays. Models with up to three parameters can estimated by means of a single relay experiment. Then a stable low order transfer function with a time delay term is identified. Two algebraic control syntheses then are presented in this paper. The first one is based on the ring of proper and stable rational functions R _PS. The second one utilizes a special ring R _MS, a set of RQ-meromorphic functions. In both cases, controller parameters are derived through a general solution of a linear Diophantine equation in the appropriate ring. The generalization for a two degree of freedom (2DOF) control structure is outlined. A final controller can be tuned by a scalar real parameter m>0. The presented philosophy covers a generalization of PID controllers and the Smith-like control structure. The analytical simple rule is derived for aperiodic control response in the R _PS case.

Roman Prokop, Jiří Korbel, Libor Pekař

Algebraic Methods in Autotuning Design: Implementation and Simulations

Abstract

Autotuners represent a combination of a relay feedback identification test and some control design method. In this contribution, models with up to three parameters are estimated by means of a single asymmetrical relay experiment. Then a stable low order transfer function with a time delay term is identified by a relay experiment. Autotuning principles then combine asymmetrical relay feedback tests with a control synthesis. Two algebraic control syntheses then are presented in this paper. The first one is based on the ring of proper and stable rational functions R _PS. The second one utilizes a special ring R _MS, a set of RQ-meromorphic functions. In both cases, controller parameters are derived through a general solution of a linear Diophantine equation in the appropriate ring. A final controller can be tuned by a scalar real parameter m>0. The presented philosophy covers a generalization of PID controllers and the Smith-like control structure. This contribution deals with the implementation of proposed autotuners and presents some illustrative examples. A Matlab toolbox for automatic design and simulation was developed and various simulations performed and analyzed.

Roman Prokop, Jiří Korbel, Radek Matušů

Extension of the Pole-Placement Shifting Based Tuning Algorithm to Neutral Delay Systems: A Case Study

Abstract

In [1], a revised version of the Pole-Placement Shifting based controller tuning Algorithm (PPSA), a finite-dimensional model-matching controller tuning method for time-delay systems (TDS), was presented together with some suggestions about algorithm improvements and modifications. Its leading idea consists in the placing the dominant characteristic poles and zeros of the infinite-dimensional feedback control system with respect to the desired dynamics of the simple finite-dimensional matching model. So far, retarded TDS have been studied in the reign of the PPSA. This paper, however, brings a detailed case study on a more advanced and intricate neutral-type control feedback. Unstable controlled plant is selected in our example, in addition. The results indicate a very good applicability of the PPSA under some minor modifications of standard manipulations with the neutral-type delayed spectrum.

Libor Pekař

Web Application for LTI Systems Analysis

Abstract

The number of web-applications which employ external computing tools to perform complex calculations on-line is rising. This contribution presents one such application – web-interface for analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It is based on the interconnection of the MATLAB system with the latest web technologies and developer tools. It enables to analyze a single input – single output (SISO) system in a user-defined form and a user-friendly way on-line without the necessity to install the MATLAB environment or similar computing tools. The paper explains motivation for development of this site and gives also detailed description of the whole process including the Web – MATLAB interconnection. The results are presented using selected screen-shots of the site on a simple example of a LTI system analysis.

Frantisek Gazdos, Jiri Facuna

Predictive Control of Systems with Fast Dynamics Using Computational Reduction Based on Feedback Control Information

Abstract

Predictive control is a method, which is suitable for control of linear discrete dynamical systems. However, control of systems with fast dynamics could be problematic using predictive control. The calculation of a predictive-control algorithm can exceed the sampling period. This situation occurs in case with higher prediction horizons and many constraints on variables in the predictive control. In this contribution, an improving of the classical approach is presented. The reduction of the computational time is performed using an analysis of steady states in the control. The presented approach is based on utilization of information from the feedback control. Then this information is applied in the control algorithm. Finally, the classical method is compared to the presented modification using the time analyses.

Tomáš Barot, Marek Kubalcik

The Methods of Testing and Possibility to Overcome the Protection against Sabotage of Analog Intrusion Alarm Systems

Abstract

This paper deals with the testing of protection against sabotage in analog security systems. The first part of the paper is focused on the introduction to analog intrusion and hold-up alarm systems where there are described requirements of European standards and main parts of analog intrusion and hold-up alarm systems. In the second part, there are introduced two methods of testing the security and protection against sabotage of commonly used analog systems. In case of success one of the method many objects could be robbed. The third part of the paper describes the results of testing and the recommendation for future development in the field of analog security systems.

Adam Hanacek, Martin Sysel

Universal System Developed for Usage in Analog Intrusion Alarm Systems

Abstract

This work deals with the universal system which was basically developed for usage in the field of intrusion and hold-up alarm systems; however, it is also possible to connect analog components used for fire detection. The main advantage lies in resolving the problem with low protection against sabotage in analog systems and high cost of the digital systems. The introduction is focused on the current situation in the field of security systems and on the description of the bus named Controller Area Network which is used for the communication between connected devices. The main part of the work is focused on the description of the developed system which includes a method of devices connecting and a method of connecting a control and indicating equipment. Further, the communication protocol is described and the evolved system is tested in laboratory. The last part of the work contains the results and applicability of the developed system.

Adam Hanacek, Martin Sysel

Embedded Supervisory Control and Output Reporting for the Oscillating Ultrasonic Temperature Sensors

Abstract

Ultrasonic temperature sensors can potentially outperform conventional sensors because they are capable of very fast sensing across the complete ultrasound pathway, whilst conventional sensors only sense temperature at a single point and have substantial thermal inertia. We report recent developments in electronic instrumentation for oscillating ultrasonic temperature sensors with the aim of achieving high accuracy and low scatter at a low cost.

A. Hashmi, M. Malakoutikhah, R. A. Light, A. N. Kalashnikov

Impact of Base Station Location on Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their potential use in many applications such as surveillance, militant etc. Given the importance of such applications, maintaining a dependable operation of the network is a fundamental objective. In Wireless Sensor Networks, many algorithms have been devised to improve energy maintenance in a whole network. Most of them assume the location of the Base Station (BS) to be at the border of the network even though location of Base Station takes some role in overall performance of the network. So in this paper, we simulated WSN performance in energy consumption, throughput, packets delivery ratio and delay with different locations of BS. Simulation results showed the best performance when a Base Station is located in the center of the WSN field and the worst when a Base Station is in the corner of the WSN. Compared to the existing location assumption, with the best positioned BS, Cluster Heads consumed 69% and with the worst positioned BS, they consumed 127% in energy. When we build WSN, if we spend some higher cost for installing BS inside the network, its overall performance can be improved much.

Odeny Nazarius Koyi, Hee Sung Yang, Youngmi Kwon

A New Implementation of High Resolution Video Encoding Using the HEVC Standard

Abstract

In this paper, the implementation method for encoding the high resolution videos using high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard is introduced with a new approach. The HEVC standard, successor to the H.264/AVC standard, is more efficient than the H.264/AVC standard in the encoding high resolution videos. HEVC has been designed to focus on increasing video resolution and increasing the use of parallel processing architectures. Therefor, this approach merging all traditional configuration files used in the encoding process into only one configuration file without removing any parameters used in the traditional methods. Improvements are shown using the proposed approach in terms of encoding time as opposed to the traditional methods by reducing the access time by half which resulting from reducing the data exchange between the configuration files used in this process and without changing the rate-distortion (RD) performance or compression ratio.

Alaa F. Eldeken, Mohamed M. Fouad, Gouda I. Salama, Aliaa A. Youssif

A Virtual Simulation of the Image Based Self-navigation of Mobile Robots

Abstract

The paper concerns with the problem of fully visual self-navigation of mobile robots based on the analysis of similarity of images, acquired by the cameras mounted on the robot, with some previously captured images stored in a database. In order to simplify and speed-up the extraction of the necessary data from the image database it is assumed that the rough position of the robot is known e.g. based on the GPS module or some other sensors. Due to the application of the image analysis methods, the accuracy of the self-positioning of the robot can be significantly improved leading to fully visual self-navigation of autonomous mobile robots, assuming their continuous access to the image database. In order to verify the validity of the proposed approach, the virtual simulation environment based on the Simbad 3D robot simulator has been prepared. The initial results presented in the paper, obtained for synthetic images captured by the virtual robots, confirm the usefulness of the proposed approach being a good starting point for future experiments using the real images captured by the physical mobile robot also in various lighting conditions.

Mateusz Tecław, Piotr Lech, Krzysztof Okarma

Implementation and Optimization of Stereo Matching Algorithm on ARM Processors

Abstract

This paper analyses possibility of implementation of stereo matching algorithms on ARM based processors with special attention on the final algorithm performance. Semi global block matching and Block matching algorithms were chosen as a base of this research. First, the technologies used in the implementation are described, then the optimization approach is discussed. The main part of this paper deals with algorithms performance depending on the chosen optimization.

Peter Janků, Roman Došek, Tomáš Dulík

Heuristic Control of the Assembly Line

Abstract

The paper highlights the mathematical model of the assembly process for the automated line as well as sequence control algorithms for the assembled version of objects. The automatic assembly line control requires numerical simulation. Minimizing the assembly time of all objects or maximizing the number of assembled objects within the given time are treated as optimization criteria. Specification of the robot assembly line is described in detail as well as the method of controlling the order of manufactured objects. The equations of state of an automatic assembly line are presented. The simulation model includes heuristic algorithms for control determining of the assembly line. The assembly process in a line can be modeled with different assumptions.

Bronislav Chramcov, Franciszek Marecki, Robert Bucki

Matlab Adapter – Online Access to Matlab/Simulink Based on REST Web Services

Abstract

The paper presents a newly developed Matlab Adapter tool that enables to build Matlab/Simulink based online applications. It was built in the form of web service that is available via REST API. In this way the client application can be developed in any programming language. The server side of application was built in Java programming language. We developed several REST endpoints that enable to set parameters, to run simulations or experiments and to follow results.

Miroslav Gula, Katarína Žáková

FRel: A Freshness Language Model for Optimizing Real-Time Web Search

Abstract

An effective information retrieval system must satisfy different users search intentions expecting a variety of queries categories, comprising recency sensitive queries where fresh content is the major user’s requirement. However, using temporal features of documents to measure their freshness remains a hard task since these features may not be accurately represented in recent documents. In this paper, we propose a language model which estimates the topical relevance and freshness of documents with respect to real-time sensitive queries. In order to improve recency ranking, our approach models freshness by exploiting terms extracted from recently posted tweets topically relevant to each real-time sensitive query. In our experiments, we use these fresh terms to re-rank initial search results. Then, we compare our model with two baseline approaches which integrate temporal relevance in their language models. Our results show that there is a clear advantage of using microblogs platforms, such as Twitter, to extract fresh keywords.

Mariem Bambia, Rim Faiz

Simulation of the Video Feedback for Mobile Robots in Simbad Environment

Abstract

Rapid progress in the field of machine vision applications can be especially clearly visible in robotics. For this reason many groups of image processing and analysis algorithms and solutions which have not been previously applied in automation and robotics require testing, verification and modifications before their application in any hardware solution. Such prototyping of video applications for robotics is possible using a simulation environment without the necessity of building the physical robot which can be damaged or even lost during some preliminary experiments. In order to verify and demonstrate the usefulness of such approach some experiments related to video feedback for mobile robotics have been conducted using free Java based 3D mobile robot simulator known as Simbad. Presented results confirm the great potential of such simulation environments in rapidly developing area of machine vision applications in robotics.

Piotr Lech, Krzysztof Okarma, Konrad Derda, Jarosław Fastowicz

EgoTR: Personalized Tweets Recommendation Approach

Abstract

Twitter and LinkedIn are two popular networks each in its territory. Nowadays, people use both of them in order to update their social (Twitter) and professional (LinkedIn) life. However, an information overload problem, caused by the data provided from these two networks separately, troubled many users. Indeed, the main goal of this work is to provide personalized recommendations that satisfy the user’s expectations by exploiting the user generated content on Twitter and LinkedIn. We propose a method of recommending personalized tweet based on user’s information from twitter and LinkedIn simultaneously. Our Final method considers two main elements: keywords extracted from Twitter and LinkedIn. Those extracted from Twitter are filtered by criteria such as hashtags, URL expansion and Tweets similarity. In order to evaluate our framework performance, we applied our system on a set of data collected from Twitter and LinkedIn. The experiments show that the proposed categorization of the elements is successfully important and our method outperforms several baseline methods.

Slim Benzarti, Rim Faiz

Simulation of Hybrid Fuzzy Adaptive Control of Pneumatic Muscle Actuator

Abstract

The pneumatic muscle actuator is highly nonlinear system and it is difficult to control it using only a linear controller with fixed gains. The hybrid fuzzy adaptive control scheme with reference model was designed to control such actuator. It uses a multiplicative signal adaptation with a linear controller in the feedforward and a fuzzy controller in the adaptive feedback loop. In the paper there are presented some simulation results of this control. The nonlinear dynamic model of one-DOF actuator based on the advanced geometric muscle model was used in simulation.

Mária Tóthová, Ján Pitel’, Alexander Hošovský

Case Study of Learning Entropy for Adaptive Novelty Detection in Solid-Fuel Combustion Control

Abstract

This paper deals with the case study of usability of the Learning Entropy approach for the adaptive novelty detection in MIMO dynamical systems. The novelty detection is studied for typical parameters of linear systems including time delay. The solid-fuel combustion process is selected as a representative of typical non-linear dynamic MIMO system. The complex mathematical model of a biomass-fired 100kW boiler is used for verification of the potentials of the proposed method, and the motivation for novelty detection in solid-fuel combustion processes is discussed in this paper.

Ivo Bukovsky, Cyril Oswald

One Approach to Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Distributed Parameters Process

Abstract

The paper provides a procedure for the design of adaptive control of a nonlinear distributed parameter process represented by a tubular chemical reactor. The presented method is based on approximation of a nonlinear model of the process by its external linear model with a structure obtained from simulated dynamic characteristics. The parameters of the external linear model are estimated using corresponding delta model. To derive of controllers, the polynomial approach is used. The procedure is tested on the nonlinear model of the process.

Petr Dostal, Jiri Vojtesek, Vladimir Bobal

Laboratory Systems Control with Adaptively Tuned Higher Order Neural Units

Abstract

This paper summarizes the design theory of linear and second order polynomial adaptive state-feedback controllers for SISO systems using the Batch-propagation Through Time (BPTT) learning algorithm. Deeper focus is given towards real time implementation on various laboratory experiments, with an accompaniment of corresponding theoretical simulations, to demonstrate the feasibility of use of polynomial adaptive state-feedback controllers for real time control. Raspberry Pi and open-source scripting language Python are also exhibited as a suitable implementation platform, for both testing and rapid prototyping as well as for teaching of adaptive identification and control.

Ivo Bukovsky, Peter Benes, Matous Slama

Using Simulink in Simulation of Dynamic Behaviour of Nonlinear Process

Abstract

The contribution shows benefits of using mathematical software Matlab and its add-on for graphical programming Simulink. There are shown two ways of using Simulink for simulating of the dynamic behaviour of the nonlinear system. The first method is used for those who have already done simulating program in Matlab and need to implement it inside Simulink scheme. The second option is to use special S-function used for simulink. Proposed methods are tested on the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the mathematical model of the continuous stirred-tank reactor as a typical nonlinear equipment from the industry.

Jiri Vojtesek, Petr Dostal

Optimization of Access Points in Wireless Sensor Network: An Approach towards Security

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks has lot to do with the technology. With several problems existing, the use of Access Points in a secured way will provide the long lasting connectivity throughout the covered area. The connectivity and the security process are discussed using two different algorithms in this paper. The connectivity to the end user is established with the help of encryption and decryption process of keys. The two algorithms are Optimization algorithm and Craving algorithm. By using these two algorithms, the connectivity is extended outside the range of signals with sensor nodes.

Arun Nagaraja, Rajesh Kumar Gunupudi, R. Saravana Kumar, N. Mangathayaru

The Architecture of Software Interface for BCI System

Abstract

The basic idea of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is the connection of brain waves with an output device through some interface. Aim of this article is to clarify the potential utilization of complex EEG signal in BCI system. For this purpose, the architecture of the software interface was designed and tested. The main task of the interface is to transfer brain activity signal into commands of intelligent robot.

The paper is organized as follows. Firstly, there is a physiological description of the human brain, which summarizes current knowledge and also points out its complexity. The basic principle of BCI system is also explained.

Secondly, the specification of used technical equipment (hardware component and software tools) is provided.

Thirdly, the transfer operation is explained in the description of proposed software interface. Moreover, results of interface tests are also presented.

Finally, discussion deals with the advantages and disadvantages of BCI

system and its usage in real-time applications.

Roman Žák, Jaromír Švejda, Roman Jašek, Roman Šenkeřík

Backmatter