Skip to main content

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

A GPU Implementation of the ASP Computation

verfasst von : Agostino Dovier, Andrea Formisano, Enrico Pontelli, Flavio Vella

Erschienen in: Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

General Purpose Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) are affordable multi-core platforms, providing access to large number of cores, but at the price of a complex architecture with non-trivial synchronization and communication costs. This paper presents the design and implementation of a conflict-driven ASP solver, that is capable of exploiting the parallelism offered by GPUs. The proposed system builds on the notion of ASP computation, that avoids the generation of unfounded sets, enhanced by conflict analysis and learning. The proposed system uses the CPU exclusively for input and output, in order to reduce the negative impact of the expensive data transfers between the CPU and the GPU. All the solving components, i.e., the management of nogoods, the search strategy, backjumping, the search heuristics, conflict analysis and learning, and unit propagation, are performed on the GPU, by exploiting Single Instruction Multiple Threads (SIMT) parallelism. The preliminary experimental results confirm the feasibility and scalability of the approach, and the potential to enhance performance of ASP solvers.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Balduccini, M., Pontelli, E., El-Khatib, O., Le, H.: Issues in parallel execution of non-monotonic reasoning systems. Parallel Comput. 31(6), 608–647 (2005)CrossRef Balduccini, M., Pontelli, E., El-Khatib, O., Le, H.: Issues in parallel execution of non-monotonic reasoning systems. Parallel Comput. 31(6), 608–647 (2005)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Baral, C.: Knowledge Representation, Reasoning and Declarative Problem Solving. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)MATH Baral, C.: Knowledge Representation, Reasoning and Declarative Problem Solving. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)MATH
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Biere, A., Heule, M., van Maaren, H., Walsh, T. (eds.): Handbook of Satisfiability (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), vol. 185. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2009) Biere, A., Heule, M., van Maaren, H., Walsh, T. (eds.): Handbook of Satisfiability (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), vol. 185. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2009)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Campeotto, F., Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Fioretto, F., Pontelli, E.: Exploring the use of GPUs in constraint solving. In: Flatt, M., Guo, H.-F. (eds.) PADL 2014. LNCS, vol. 8324, pp. 152–167. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) CrossRef Campeotto, F., Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Fioretto, F., Pontelli, E.: Exploring the use of GPUs in constraint solving. In: Flatt, M., Guo, H.-F. (eds.) PADL 2014. LNCS, vol. 8324, pp. 152–167. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Campeotto, F., Dovier, A., Fioretto, F., Pontelli, E.: A GPU implementation of large neighborhood search for solving constraint optimization problems. In: Schaub, T., Friedrich, G., O’Sullivan, B. (eds.) ECAI 2014–21st European Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Including Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS) 2014. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 263, pp. 189–194. IOS Press, Prague, Czech Republic (2014) Campeotto, F., Dovier, A., Fioretto, F., Pontelli, E.: A GPU implementation of large neighborhood search for solving constraint optimization problems. In: Schaub, T., Friedrich, G., O’Sullivan, B. (eds.) ECAI 2014–21st European Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Including Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS) 2014. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 263, pp. 189–194. IOS Press, Prague, Czech Republic (2014)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Campeotto, F., Dovier, A., Pontelli, E.: A declarative concurrent system for protein structure prediction on GPU. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. (JETAI) 27(5), 503–541 (2015)CrossRef Campeotto, F., Dovier, A., Pontelli, E.: A declarative concurrent system for protein structure prediction on GPU. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. (JETAI) 27(5), 503–541 (2015)CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Formisano, A., Pontelli, E.: CUD@SAT: SAT solving on GPUs. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. (JETAI) 27(3), 293–316 (2015)CrossRef Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Formisano, A., Pontelli, E.: CUD@SAT: SAT solving on GPUs. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. (JETAI) 27(3), 293–316 (2015)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Pontelli, E., Rossi, G.: GASP: answer set programming with lazy grounding. Fundamenta Informaticae 96(3), 297–322 (2009)MathSciNetMATH Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Pontelli, E., Rossi, G.: GASP: answer set programming with lazy grounding. Fundamenta Informaticae 96(3), 297–322 (2009)MathSciNetMATH
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dovier, A., Formisano, A., Pontelli, E., Vella, F.: Parallel execution of the ASP computation - an investigation on GPUs. In: De Vos, M., Eiter, T., Lierler, Y., Toni, F. (eds.) Technical Communications of the 31st International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2015), Cork, Ireland, August 31 - September 4, 2015, vol. 1433, CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2015). CEUR-WS.org Dovier, A., Formisano, A., Pontelli, E., Vella, F.: Parallel execution of the ASP computation - an investigation on GPUs. In: De Vos, M., Eiter, T., Lierler, Y., Toni, F. (eds.) Technical Communications of the 31st International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2015), Cork, Ireland, August 31 - September 4, 2015, vol. 1433, CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2015). CEUR-WS.​org
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fages, F.: Consistency of Clark’s completion and existence of stable models. Methods Logic Comput. Sci. 1(1), 51–60 (1994) Fages, F.: Consistency of Clark’s completion and existence of stable models. Methods Logic Comput. Sci. 1(1), 51–60 (1994)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Finkel, R.A., Marek, V.W., Moore, N., Truszczynski, M.: Computing stable models in parallel. In: Answer Set Programming, Towards Efficient and Scalable Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Proceedings of the 1st International ASP 2001 Workshop, Stanford (2001) Finkel, R.A., Marek, V.W., Moore, N., Truszczynski, M.: Computing stable models in parallel. In: Answer Set Programming, Towards Efficient and Scalable Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Proceedings of the 1st International ASP 2001 Workshop, Stanford (2001)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Formisano, A., Vella, F.: On multiple learning schemata in conflict driven solvers. In: Bistarelli, S., Formisano, A. (eds.) Proceedings of ICTCS 2014, vol. 1231, pp. 133–146. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, (2014). CEUR-WS.org Formisano, A., Vella, F.: On multiple learning schemata in conflict driven solvers. In: Bistarelli, S., Formisano, A. (eds.) Proceedings of ICTCS 2014, vol. 1231, pp. 133–146. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, (2014). CEUR-WS.​org
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gebser, M., Kaminski, R., Kaufmann, B., Schaub, T.: Answer set solving in practice. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, San Rafael (2012)MATH Gebser, M., Kaminski, R., Kaufmann, B., Schaub, T.: Answer set solving in practice. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, San Rafael (2012)MATH
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gebser, M., Kaufmann, B., Schaub, T.: Multi-threaded ASP solving with clasp. TPLP 12(4–5), 525–545 (2012)MathSciNetMATH Gebser, M., Kaufmann, B., Schaub, T.: Multi-threaded ASP solving with clasp. TPLP 12(4–5), 525–545 (2012)MathSciNetMATH
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelfond, M.: Answer sets. In: van Harmelen, F., Lifschitz, V., Porter, B.W. (eds.) Handbook of Knowledge Representation. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, pp. 285–316. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008)CrossRef Gelfond, M.: Answer sets. In: van Harmelen, F., Lifschitz, V., Porter, B.W. (eds.) Handbook of Knowledge Representation. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, pp. 285–316. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008)CrossRef
16.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Järvisalo, M., Junttila, T.A., Niemelä, I.: Unrestricted vs restricted cut in a tableau method for boolean circuits. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 44(4), 373–399 (2005)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Järvisalo, M., Junttila, T.A., Niemelä, I.: Unrestricted vs restricted cut in a tableau method for boolean circuits. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 44(4), 373–399 (2005)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kao, M., Klein, P.N.: Towards overcoming the transitive-closure bottleneck: efficient parallel algorithms for planar digraphs. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 47(3), 459–500 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Kao, M., Klein, P.N.: Towards overcoming the transitive-closure bottleneck: efficient parallel algorithms for planar digraphs. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 47(3), 459–500 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
20.
21.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, L., Pontelli, E., Son, T.C., Truszczynski, M.: Logic programs with abstract constraint atoms: the role of computations. Artif. Intell. 174(3–4), 295–315 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Liu, L., Pontelli, E., Son, T.C., Truszczynski, M.: Logic programs with abstract constraint atoms: the role of computations. Artif. Intell. 174(3–4), 295–315 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Manolios, P., Zhang, Y.: Implementing survey propagation on graphics processing units. In: Biere, A., Gomes, C.P. (eds.) SAT 2006. LNCS, vol. 4121, pp. 311–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) CrossRef Manolios, P., Zhang, Y.: Implementing survey propagation on graphics processing units. In: Biere, A., Gomes, C.P. (eds.) SAT 2006. LNCS, vol. 4121, pp. 311–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2006) CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Marek, V.W., Truszczynski, M.: Stable models and an alternative logic programming paradigm (1998). CoRR, cs.LO/9809032 Marek, V.W., Truszczynski, M.: Stable models and an alternative logic programming paradigm (1998). CoRR, cs.​LO/​9809032
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Marques-Silva, J.P., Sakallah, K.A.: GRASP: a search algorithm for propositional satisfiability. IEEE Trans. Comput. 48(5), 506–521 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRef Marques-Silva, J.P., Sakallah, K.A.: GRASP: a search algorithm for propositional satisfiability. IEEE Trans. Comput. 48(5), 506–521 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Niemelä, I.: Logic programs with stable model semantics as a constraint programming paradigm. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 25(3–4), 241–273 (1999)CrossRefMathSciNetMATH Niemelä, I.: Logic programs with stable model semantics as a constraint programming paradigm. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 25(3–4), 241–273 (1999)CrossRefMathSciNetMATH
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Perri, S., Ricca, F., Sirianni, M.: Parallel instantiation of ASP programs: techniques and experiments. TPLP 13(2), 253–278 (2013)MathSciNetMATH Perri, S., Ricca, F., Sirianni, M.: Parallel instantiation of ASP programs: techniques and experiments. TPLP 13(2), 253–278 (2013)MathSciNetMATH
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabalar, P.: Answer set; programming? In: Balduccini, M., Son, T.C. (eds.) Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. LNCS, vol. 6565, pp. 334–343. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef Cabalar, P.: Answer set; programming? In: Balduccini, M., Son, T.C. (eds.) Logic Programming, Knowledge Representation, and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. LNCS, vol. 6565, pp. 334–343. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Pontelli, E., Le, H.V., Son, T.C.: An investigation in parallel execution of answer set programs on distributed memory platforms: task sharing and dynamic scheduling. Comput. Lang. Syst. Struct. 36(2), 158–202 (2010) Pontelli, E., Le, H.V., Son, T.C.: An investigation in parallel execution of answer set programs on distributed memory platforms: task sharing and dynamic scheduling. Comput. Lang. Syst. Struct. 36(2), 158–202 (2010)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossi, F., van Beek, P., Walsh, T.: Handbook of Constraint Programming. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier Science Inc., New York (2006) MATH Rossi, F., van Beek, P., Walsh, T.: Handbook of Constraint Programming. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier Science Inc., New York (2006) MATH
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Simons, P., Niemelä, I., Soininen, T.: Extending and implementing the stable model semantics. Artif. Intell. 138(1–2), 181–234 (2002)CrossRefMathSciNetMATH Simons, P., Niemelä, I., Soininen, T.: Extending and implementing the stable model semantics. Artif. Intell. 138(1–2), 181–234 (2002)CrossRefMathSciNetMATH
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Syrjänen, T., Niemelä, I.: The smodels system. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2173, pp. 434–438. Springer, Heidelberg (2001) Syrjänen, T., Niemelä, I.: The smodels system. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2173, pp. 434–438. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Metadaten
Titel
A GPU Implementation of the ASP Computation
verfasst von
Agostino Dovier
Andrea Formisano
Enrico Pontelli
Flavio Vella
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28228-2_3