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2017 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Totalitarianism, Terrorism and Supreme Values

History and Theory

verfasst von: Peter Bernholz

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Studies in Public Choice

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Applying a rational choice perspective, this book presents a dynamic theory of the evolution of totalitarian regimes and terrorism. By demonstrating that totalitarian regimes rest on ideologies involving supreme values that are assumed to be absolutely true, the author identifies the factors that lead to totalitarian regimes, and those that transform or abolish those regimes with time. The author addresses different ideologies, such as National Socialism, Communism, and religious movements; examines numerous historical cases of totalitarian regimes; and develops a formal, mathematical model of totalitarianism in the book’s closing chapter.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The Western tradition of political thinking has begun and has been dominated by using the political regimes categorized by the ancient Greeks, especially Plato and Aristotle: Monarchies, Oligarchies, Polities, Democracies and Tyrannies. The theory of Totaiitarianism has only been added in the 19th century.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 2. Ideologies of National Socialism, Communism, Christianity, and Islam
Abstract
In this chapter, the empirical evidence for supreme values will be discussed for National Socialism, Communism, and Christian and Islamic believes.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 3. The Theory of Totalitarianism and Mature Ideocracy, Part I: Evolution and Development
Abstract
In this chapter, we develop the theory of political regimes based on the ideologically oriented Supreme Values, which are considered to be absolutely true, that is of Ideocracies.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 4. Further Historical Cases of Totalitarian Regimes
Abstract
Modern totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin and China under Mao have been widely analyzed.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 5. Mature Ideocracies
Abstract
We have already shown that ideocracies need not but can be totalitarian regimes. We thus have to differentiate between totalitarianism and mature ideocracies as subspecies. What are then mature ideocracies? In a mature ideocracy, the goals of the ideological movement have been broadly reached, whereas this is not true for a totalitarian regime.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 6. The Theory of Totalitarian Regimes, Part II: Stability, Further Development, and Demise
Abstract
Let us now turn to the question which developments have to be expected for totalitarian regimes in the long run once they have been established. In studying this question, we have to take into account that each ideology provides a more or less coherent and comprehensive Weltanschauung, or view of the world; and that this Weltanschauung may come into conflict with the true empirical nature of the world.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 7. The Constitution of Totalitarianism
Abstract
Can totalitarianism have a constitution or is this not a contradiction of terms? For does totalitarianism not substitute the rule of terror for the rule of law? (Arendt 1951). In this chapter, we are going to show that totalitarianism constitutes a rational system (as already discussed by Brzezinski 1956) which binds population and leaders by stable long-lasting rules, which form an unwritten or written constitution. It is exactly this constitutional trait of totalitarianism which is one of the main differences distinguishing it from dictatorship or tyranny, since the latter are characterized by the uncontrolled discretionary power of the tyrant.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 8. Terrorism as a Means to Win or to Regain Secular Power
Abstract
In our view, there have been two important developments in recent decades, which are bound to increase the probability of terrorism: First, technological innovations in the instruments of warfare, and second, changes which occurred in the international political system.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 9. Economic and Political Problems Facing Ideocracies
Abstract
We have shown that Ideocracies, that is Totalitarian Regimes and Mature Ideocracies are political regimes.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 10. Art and Science in Totalitarian Regimes and Mature Ideocracies
Abstract
Corresponding to the nature of their Supreme Values, most Ideocracies develop rather specific attitudes to literature, arts, and sciences.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 11. A Formal Model of Totalitarianism
Abstract
After the fall of Communist Regimes, it has become clear that the much criticized theory of totalitarianism has been more successful in explaining events than the alternatives offered by many of its critics.
Peter Bernholz
Chapter 12. Summary: Supreme Values, Totalitarian Regimes, and Mature Ideocracies
Abstract
Totalitarian regimes and mature ideocracies are political regimes basing the legitimacy of their rulers on ideologies with supreme values containing aims lexicographically preferred to all other ends.
Peter Bernholz
Metadaten
Titel
Totalitarianism, Terrorism and Supreme Values
verfasst von
Peter Bernholz
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-56907-9
Print ISBN
978-3-319-56906-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56907-9

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