Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick?

verfasst von: Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Public Administration and Information Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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This book investigates the role of smart cities in the broader context of urban innovation and e-government, identifies what a smart city is in practice and highlights their importance to the welfare of society. The book offers specific, measurable, and action-oriented public sector planning and management principles and ideas for smart governance in the era of global urbanization and innovation to help with the challenges in maintaining the democratic system of checks and balances as well as the division of powers in a highly interconnected world. The book will be of interest researchers, practitioners, students, and public sector IT professionals that work within innovation management, public administration, urban technologies and urban innovation, and public local administration studies.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

Smart cities have emerged radically since their initial appearance in literature in 1997 and they have attracted a significant scientific and industrial attention since then. This event was not accidental, since urbanization had started becoming a reality and international reports show a significant rise of cities by 2050, a shift that changes dramatically the role of city and of local government. In this regard, this book has multiple objectives: first, to clarify the smart city context and the role of government in smart city. Second, to become a guide for governments, researchers and practitioners to conceptualize and understand what the smart city is. Third, to provide the readers with tools that can help them conceptualize, measure the potential, manage the development and evaluate the outcome of a smart city project. Fourth, to serve as a didactic material for students that enter the smart city domain and in this respect, each chapter has specific learning outcomes and a pool of questions to support learning. As such, several outcomes from ongoing studies, an extensive scientific material, inputs from experts, personal experiences and city examples are utilized to serve the above quadruple mission.

Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Chapter 2. The Rise of the Smart City

Abstract

There is no common consensus about what “smart” really means in the context of the information and communications technology (ICT). The author provides with a new and quite “umbrella” definition to smart city: the utilization of ICT and innovation by cities (new, existing or districts), as a means to sustain in economic, social and environmental terms and to address several challenges dealing with six (6) dimensions (people, economy, governance, mobility, environment and living). Depending on this ICT and innovation performance, as well as on the local priorities, each city performs differently and appears with alternative smart city forms.

Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Chapter 3. The Smart City in Practice

Abstract

In the previous chapter, it has been realized that smart city concerns urban innovation not necessarily but mainly based on ICT. This kind of innovation structures the smart city ecosystem, which was presented as a multi-tier scheme (Fig. 2.7). This figure indicates the different types of hard and soft technologies that are being built by the smart city industry and can be classified as in the following subsections. In each of the following sub-sections a brief presentation and discussion is performed for these technologies and the reader must seek for further details to explore them deeper.

Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Chapter 4. The Smart City Market

Abstract

A novel smart city market evolves radically and it is estimated to reach US $1 trillion by 2025 and exceed the size of all traditional business sectors (Amarnath in City as a customer strategy: Growth opportunities from the cities of tomorrow, 2010; Kohno et al. in Hitachi’s smart city solutions for new era of urban development, 2011). In 2016 alone, an amount of US $39.5 billion was projected to be spent in smart city technologies (CISCO in The city of the future: Smart and connected, 2014). This chapter makes clear that smart city’s value deal with the city’s response against the identified challenges described in Chap. 2 . Then, it explores the source of this value that can justify the growth and size of the corresponding market. Finally, it questions whether the smart city value can generate an urban utopia, which is being broadcasted by city branding. In this respect, it explains the city branding context and identifies a bi-directional interconnection between the origins of branding and smart city.

Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Chapter 5. Governing a Smart City

Abstract

Governing a city means that city politicians and administrators try to keep the city operational in terms of utility service provision, law enforcement and political decisions’ implementation. This term is also names as “urban governance”, which is defined as “a political response to broader developments in society, such as globalization, internationalization, and privatization”. This chapter shows that the development of a smart city requires careful planning and dedicated implementation management processes. Two alternative managerial approaches are followed, the first of which views the smart city as a project, while the second considers smart city as innovation. Moreover, this chapter clarifies the meaning of smart city governance and differentiates from smart governance. However, it does not focus on an existing smart city operational management (e.g., organization definition for smart city monitoring), although all existing smart cities have adopted several corresponding types (municipal ownership or PPP).

Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Chapter 6. Smart Government: A New Adjective to Government Transformation or a Trick?

Abstract

Smart city and smart government appear to share a common scientific interest, since they structure corresponding research and practice terms like the “Web Applications and Smart Cities (AW4City)”, “The Smart Cities and Smart Government Research-Practice (SCSGRP) Consortium” and the “Beyond Bureaucracy”, while calls for mutual scientific tracks, workshops and articles can be located in several conference posts. This chapter analyzes the context of smart government. It performs a literature review on the term, where several conceptualization models are compared and explained. It is cleared that smart government is different to smart city government and to smart city. On the contrary, smart city can be seen as an area of practice for smart government, while smart governance is one of the smart city’s dimensions.

Moreover, the role of government is documented to be changed due to urbanization and technology. Urbanization results to communities, which are larger to nations and the role of local government is more complex compared to the usual national one. Moreover, technology provides governments with tools that has never got before, like the Internet-of-Things (IoT), which changes information collection and process flow, while it enables a direct and continuous connection with the community. Both these two phenomena highlight the government challenges of the forthcoming decades, which governments try to deal with data, process re-engineering, co-decision and service co-production.

Leonidas G. Anthopoulos

Titel: Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick?
verfasst von: Leonidas G. Anthopoulos
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-57015-0
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57014-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57015-0

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. The Rise of the Smart City

Chapter 3. The Smart City in Practice

Chapter 4. The Smart City Market

Chapter 5. Governing a Smart City

Chapter 6. Smart Government: A New Adjective to Government Transformation or a Trick?

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