Climate Change and Extreme Events over Dabaa Region, Egypt

Mediterranean coast of Egypt is narrow band of earth on the Mediterranean Sea extend to approximately 1500 km length and around 20 km wide. Dabaa region affected with the climate of Mediterranean Sea, as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Precipitation. The climate of the Mediterranean coast moderate temperature all the year, high Relative Humidity and highest precipitation comparing to others area in Egypt. Around the world measured climatic conditions for many years, so it is possible to define what is considered normal and extreme event. Extreme meteorological events may be good markers of climatic change or variability. Extreme weather and climate events are due to the often large loss of human life and exponentially increasing costs associated with them. In this study, focuses on changes in extreme temperature and precipitation during the period 1981–2010 and the surface wind (direction & speed) during the period 1981–2014 over Dabaa region. The results indicated that the mean annual air temperature over the studied region increased by about 0.1 °C during the period of investigation. The yearly precipitation over Dabaa region varied between a minimum amount of 25.8 mm in 2010 and a maximum amount of 237.9 mm in 1991, with an average annual precipitation of about 125 mm. The mean precipitation rate over the study period was 3.2 mm/rainy day and the mean wind directions are North West direction. Three extreme events have been recorded during the study period; scarce precipitation (2.2 mm/rainy in 12 day) in 2010, extreme high precipitation (3.8 mm/rainy in 63 day) in 1991 and highest daily temperature 21.6 °C at 2010.