Can Local Authorities Shape the Quality of Life?

The quality of life is an interdisciplinary phenomenon, which can be analysed in various aspects. It reflects the level of people’s satisfaction, not only with material aspects, but also the spiritual dimension or health. Local authorities should on the protection and development of the quality of life of individuals and communities, by creation of the environment, which would improve the quality of life or wellbeing. We formulate the research hypothesis (H1), which assumes, that local governments, through employed policy can influence the quality of life, measured by LE—by organizing such spheres as: education, work, health, the environment, or housing. Based on data, covering the years 2010–2016, the analysis at the level of NUTS2, shows, that regardless of gender and age, the quality of life is determined by several factors: housing conditions, unemployment rates and the level of emission of gaseous pollutants, when the first factor is a stimulant and others have a negative impact. We can also observe, that the quality of life of women is affected by more factors than in the case of men.