Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben

1984 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Market Integration in the European Community

verfasst von: Jacques Pelkmans

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buchreihe : Studies in Industrial Organization

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten
insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

In the present stage of integration, private and public market integration is really what the European Community is all about. A stable security settin- itself, in part, a result of European integration - and cooperative politics in Western Europe have enabled the creation and maintenance of an elaborate legal system and common institutions facilitating the unification of product markets throughout the Community. Of course, the pervasive and incessant politicisation of Community decision-making at the Ministerial level tends to diminish attention for what actually happens in the Community industrial markets, while also obscuring its profound economic impact on Europeah society. It is precisely from the fascination with this vivid 'core' of the European Community that this book has arisen. I have attempted to combine empirical economic analysis, and a minimum of institutional description, with economic theory. Access to theory has been facilitated by the avoidance of algebraic tools, employing - only where necessary - geometric tools. In combining the analytical traditions of international and industrial economics, linked to a fairly detailed institutional economics of legal arrangements and competences at the EC level, it is hoped to provide the relevant tools to comprehend the industrial Euromarkets.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Introduction

Introduction
Abstract
Integrating the markets for industrial products is undoubtedly the core of private and public activity in the framework of the European Economic Community. Twenty-five years after the beginnings of the EEC market integration had come to be taken for granted, however. Until the early 1980’s there was little realization of the highly unsatisfactory state of affairs in this domain. The political inertia and entrepreneurial hesitation to foster EC-wide industrial market integration was matched — for a while — by a failure of economists to improve their understanding of what actually happened in the Community’s industrial product markets. Since the late 1970’s this, attitude has changed radically, especially with respect to sectoral work and external competitiveness of industry. In addition, the literature on various aspects of EC trade, competition policy or industrial policy has also become voluminous by any measure.
Jacques Pelkmans

Market Integration from Below

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Some Efficiency Effects of Customs Union
Abstract
Granting free access to competitive imports from other EC Member States and garanteeing exports a free and lasting access to a large Community Market have traditionally been thought to induce significant improvements in the economic efficiency of European industry. In studying the validity of this proposition in greater detail, one needs to separate scale effects (in chapter 2) from those efficiency effects, that arise given non-decreasing cost schedules (below). A further distinction between price efficiency and technical efficiency is also useful. In the static framework of the standard neoclassical theory of production price efficiency refers to optimal allocation, given factor prices and given technical efficiency. Price efficiency prevails if, for every input employed, its marginal product is the same for all alternative employments technically feasible. Technical efficiency, on the other hand, refers to input minimization of any given output level, given the employment of the best techniques available. In a world of truly perfect competition, technical inefficiency cannot exist as it would lead to bankruptcy of the firms letting it develop. Thus, in neoclassical customs union theory that is based on perfect competition, technical inefficiency cannot arise without introducing special assumptions.
Jacques Pelkmans
Chapter 2. Customs Union and Economies of Scale
Abstract
Besides the possibilities for improvements of price and technical efficiency (given non-decreasing cost schedules), various economies on the plant, firm or industry level may be reaped when joining a CU. They add to the “welfare” arguments in favour of product market integration, although many of them can be extended to arguments for worldwide trade liberalization. This chapter gives a survey of the main theoretical arguments relating CU and economies of various types, exemplified in addition by empirical work on the EC or member economies.
Jacques Pelkmans
Chapter 3. Customs Union, Market Structure and Firm Size
Abstract
A number of reasons present themselves for investigating the impact of customs union upon market structure and firm size. A first one is that, in the Western Europe of the 1950’s, domestic markets were characterized by sometimes fairly high degrees of seller concentration. This raises the question whether the customs union would constrain ‘monopolistic’ pricing behaviour and, in addition, whether domestic monopolists would always find it in their interests to encroach upon other country markets in the union. It is analyzed in section 1. Second, the possibility of seizing scale economies through intra-union exports raises questions about the degree of both domestic and union-wide seller concentration over time. Should one expect the number of domestic producers to go down, and even if that is so, should one expect the number of sellers in every domestic market to decrease as well? This question is taken up in section 2.
Jacques Pelkmans
Chapter 4. Customs Union and Intra-Industry Trade
Abstract
Traditional customs-union theory does not generate much insight in the specialization patterns, or their alterations, engendered by the realization of the union. CU theory focuses primarily on price efficiency effects.
Gianpoalo Rossini
Chapter 5. Customs Union and International Production
Abstract
Market integration-from-below cannot be fully understood by merely studying trade integration. In a world of multinational enterprises, having a choice of servicing foreign markets through exports or foreign production, direct investments have to be taken into consideration. With the exception of a restrictive analysis of ‘welfare’ effects, traditional trade theory has little to offer in this respect and the empirical tests, inspired by it, have obtained poor results. Moreover, they invariably concentrate on foreign direct investment from outside the union while ignoring intra-union direct investment. Following an industrial economics approach, I shall assess the determinants of direct investments both of American and Community firms, and briefly discuss some of the effects on market integration-from-below.
Jacques Pelkmans

Market Integration from Above

Frontmatter
Chapter 6. The Community’s Internal Market
Abstract
A common market is a customs union, having completed, in addition to product market integration, the integration of services markets and of markets for production factors such as labour, financial capital, entrepreneurial and management resources and technological knowledge. Another way of putting it — found in economic law — is that a common market is a group of countries wherein all private economic agents are free to trade, to invest, to offer services, to work and to pay or purchase wherever they prefer. Essential is that all the economic freedoms, normally enjoyed in a national market, extend to the total area of the group.
Jacques Pelkmans
Chapter 7. The Competition Regime
Abstract
The rules and policies of competition, in the broadest sense, constitute a cornerstone of market-integration-from-above in the European Community. Without an ambitious competition regime product market integration would probably become so truncated as to fail to transcend, in reality, a simple and uninteresting customs union à la GATT.
Jacques Pelkmans
Chapter 8. The Common Commercial Policy
Abstract
The Community’s policy organs (Commission and Council) do not have full discretion in setting the objectives of the common commercial policy (=CCP) since a number of aims are expressed in the EEC Treaty itself. The Preamble underlines the desire “to contribute, by means of a common commercial policy, to the progressive abolition of restrictions on international trade”. Art. 18, however, clarifies that the Member States’ “readiness to contribute to the development of international trade and the lowering of barriers to trade” is conditional upon “reciprocity and mutual advantage” of the agreements entered. Probably, ‘mutual advantage’ is a political criterion and economic advantage is unlikely to be its only element. At the same time it should be realized that art. 18 relates only to the setting of the common external tariff, and not to other instruments of the CCP.
Jacques Pelkmans
Chapter 9. Community Policies for Industry
Abstract
The significance of the European Community for industry varies greatly over the numerous channels of influence. In a comprehensive perspective, however, the actual importance of the EC for European industry is very substantial while its potential impact is even appreciably larger. After setting out a comprehensive perspective on EC policies for industry, and discussing the (in-) adequacy of the assignment distribution between the Member State and EC level in the policy domain., negative and positive industrial policy of the EC will be dealt with, followed by a brief analysis of the industrial policy role of the common commercial policy.
Jacques Pelkmans
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Market Integration in the European Community
verfasst von
Jacques Pelkmans
Copyright-Jahr
1984
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-94-009-6173-9
Print ISBN
978-90-247-2988-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6173-9