Skip to main content
Erschienen in: AI & SOCIETY 2/2007

01.11.2007 | Original Article

A multi-agent based framework for the simulation of human and social behaviors during emergency evacuations

verfasst von: Xiaoshan Pan, Charles S. Han, Ken Dauber, Kincho H. Law

Erschienen in: AI & SOCIETY | Ausgabe 2/2007

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Many computational tools for the simulation and design of emergency evacuation and egress are now available. However, due to the scarcity of human and social behavioral data, these computational tools rely on assumptions that have been found inconsistent or unrealistic. This paper presents a multi-agent based framework for simulating human and social behavior during emergency evacuation. A prototype system has been developed, which is able to demonstrate some emergent behaviors, such as competitive, queuing, and herding behaviors. For illustration, an example application of the system for safe egress design is provided.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Ashcraft N, Scheflen AE (1976) People space: the making and breaking of human boundaries. Anchor, New York Ashcraft N, Scheflen AE (1976) People space: the making and breaking of human boundaries. Anchor, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Averill J, Mileti D, Peacock R, Kuligowski E, Groner N, Proulx G, Reneke P, Nelson H (2005) Occupant behavior, egress, and emergency communications. NIST NCSTAR 1–7 Averill J, Mileti D, Peacock R, Kuligowski E, Groner N, Proulx G, Reneke P, Nelson H (2005) Occupant behavior, egress, and emergency communications. NIST NCSTAR 1–7
Zurück zum Zitat Batson D (1998) Altruism and prosocial behavior. In: Gilbert D, Fiske S, Lindzey G (eds) The handbook of social psychology, 4th edn. Mcgraw-Hill, Boston, pp 282–316 Batson D (1998) Altruism and prosocial behavior. In: Gilbert D, Fiske S, Lindzey G (eds) The handbook of social psychology, 4th edn. Mcgraw-Hill, Boston, pp 282–316
Zurück zum Zitat Billings R, Milburn T, Schaalman M (1980) A model of crisis perception: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Adm Sci Q 25(2):300–316CrossRef Billings R, Milburn T, Schaalman M (1980) A model of crisis perception: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Adm Sci Q 25(2):300–316CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Braun A, Musse SR, de Oliveira L, Bodmann B (2003) Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation. In: Proceedings of CASA: computer animation and social agents, New Jersey, pp 143–148 Braun A, Musse SR, de Oliveira L, Bodmann B (2003) Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation. In: Proceedings of CASA: computer animation and social agents, New Jersey, pp 143–148
Zurück zum Zitat Bryan J (1997) Human behavior and fire. In: Cote A (eds) Fire protection handbook, 18th edn. National Fire Protection Association, pp 8.1–8.30 Bryan J (1997) Human behavior and fire. In: Cote A (eds) Fire protection handbook, 18th edn. National Fire Protection Association, pp 8.1–8.30
Zurück zum Zitat Chertkoff J, Kushigian R (1999) Don’t panic: the psychology of emergency egress and ingress. Praeger, London Chertkoff J, Kushigian R (1999) Don’t panic: the psychology of emergency egress and ingress. Praeger, London
Zurück zum Zitat Cialdini R (1993) Influence: the psychology of persuasion. William Morrow, New York Cialdini R (1993) Influence: the psychology of persuasion. William Morrow, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Epstein J, Axtell R (1996) Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom up. MIT Press, Cambridge Epstein J, Axtell R (1996) Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom up. MIT Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Fahy R, Proulx G (1995) Collective common sense: a study of human behavior during the world trade center evacuation. NFPA J 87(2):61 Fahy R, Proulx G (1995) Collective common sense: a study of human behavior during the world trade center evacuation. NFPA J 87(2):61
Zurück zum Zitat Galea E (eds) (2003) Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics. CMC Press, London Galea E (eds) (2003) Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics. CMC Press, London
Zurück zum Zitat Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T (2000) Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature 407:487–490CrossRef Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T (2000) Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature 407:487–490CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Horiuchi S, Murozaki Y, Hokugo A (1986) A case study of fire and evacuation in a multi-purpose office building. Proceedings of the first international symposium. Hemisphere, Washington, DC, pp 523–532 Horiuchi S, Murozaki Y, Hokugo A (1986) A case study of fire and evacuation in a multi-purpose office building. Proceedings of the first international symposium. Hemisphere, Washington, DC, pp 523–532
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson S (2001) Emergence: the connected lives of ants, brains, cities, and software. Simon & Schuster, New York Johnson S (2001) Emergence: the connected lives of ants, brains, cities, and software. Simon & Schuster, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Latane B, Darley J (1968) Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. J Pers Soc Psychol 10(3):215–221CrossRef Latane B, Darley J (1968) Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. J Pers Soc Psychol 10(3):215–221CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Le Bon G (1960) The crowd. Viking, New York Le Bon G (1960) The crowd. Viking, New York
Zurück zum Zitat MacQueen J (1967) Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of 5th Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, vol 1. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 281–297 MacQueen J (1967) Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of 5th Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability, vol 1. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 281–297
Zurück zum Zitat March J (1994) A primer on decision making: how decisions happen. Free Press, New York March J (1994) A primer on decision making: how decisions happen. Free Press, New York
Zurück zum Zitat McDougall W (1920) The group mind. Cambridge University Press, UK McDougall W (1920) The group mind. Cambridge University Press, UK
Zurück zum Zitat Nakamura T, Asada M (1995) Motion sketch: acquisition of visual motion guided behaviors. IJCAI’95 1:126–132 Nakamura T, Asada M (1995) Motion sketch: acquisition of visual motion guided behaviors. IJCAI’95 1:126–132
Zurück zum Zitat Penn A (2003) Vision, configuration and simulation of static interaction for design. In: Proceedings of 2nd international conference: pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, pp 1–16 Penn A (2003) Vision, configuration and simulation of static interaction for design. In: Proceedings of 2nd international conference: pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, pp 1–16
Zurück zum Zitat Proulx G, Richardson J (2002) The human factor: building designers often forget how important the reactions of human occupants are when they specify fire and life safety systems. Can Consult Eng 43(3):35–36 Proulx G, Richardson J (2002) The human factor: building designers often forget how important the reactions of human occupants are when they specify fire and life safety systems. Can Consult Eng 43(3):35–36
Zurück zum Zitat Quarantelli E (1954) The nature and conditions of panic. Am J Sociol 60(3):267–275CrossRef Quarantelli E (1954) The nature and conditions of panic. Am J Sociol 60(3):267–275CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ramachandran G (1990) Human behavior in fires—a review of research in the United Kingdom. Fire Technol 26(2):149–155CrossRef Ramachandran G (1990) Human behavior in fires—a review of research in the United Kingdom. Fire Technol 26(2):149–155CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Santos G, Aguirre B (2004) A critical review of emergency evacuation simulation models. In: Proceedings of building occupant movement during fire emergencies, Gaithersburg, Maryland Santos G, Aguirre B (2004) A critical review of emergency evacuation simulation models. In: Proceedings of building occupant movement during fire emergencies, Gaithersburg, Maryland
Zurück zum Zitat Shields T, Proulx G (2000) The science of human behavior: past research endeavors, current developments and fashioning a research agenda. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on fire safety science, IAFSS, pp 95–114 Shields T, Proulx G (2000) The science of human behavior: past research endeavors, current developments and fashioning a research agenda. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on fire safety science, IAFSS, pp 95–114
Zurück zum Zitat Sime J (1986) Perceived time available: the margin of safety in fires. Fire safety science—proceedings of the first international symposium. Hemisphere, Washington, DC, pp 561–570 Sime J (1986) Perceived time available: the margin of safety in fires. Fire safety science—proceedings of the first international symposium. Hemisphere, Washington, DC, pp 561–570
Zurück zum Zitat Society of Fire Protection Engineers (2002) Engineering guide to human behavior in fire. Technical Report Society of Fire Protection Engineers (2002) Engineering guide to human behavior in fire. Technical Report
Zurück zum Zitat Sommer R (1969) Personal space: the behavioral basis of design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Sommer R (1969) Personal space: the behavioral basis of design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,
Zurück zum Zitat Still G (2000) Crowd Dynamics. PhD thesis, University of Warwick, UK Still G (2000) Crowd Dynamics. PhD thesis, University of Warwick, UK
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson P, Lindstrom H, Ohlsson P, Thompson S (2003) Simulex: analysis and changes for IMO compliance. In: Proceedings of 2nd international conference: pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, pp 173–184 Thompson P, Lindstrom H, Ohlsson P, Thompson S (2003) Simulex: analysis and changes for IMO compliance. In: Proceedings of 2nd international conference: pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, pp 173–184
Zurück zum Zitat Waldrop M (1992) Complexity: the emerging science at the edge of order and chaos. Simon & Schuster, New York Waldrop M (1992) Complexity: the emerging science at the edge of order and chaos. Simon & Schuster, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss G (eds) (2000). Multiagent systems: a modern approach to distributed AI. MIT Press, Cambridge Weiss G (eds) (2000). Multiagent systems: a modern approach to distributed AI. MIT Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Wills R (1998) Human instincts, everyday life, and the brain, vol 1. The Book Emporium, Canada Wills R (1998) Human instincts, everyday life, and the brain, vol 1. The Book Emporium, Canada
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson G (1993) Logic engineering in public safety. In: Smith R, Dickie J (eds) Engineering for crowd safety, proceedings of the international conference on engineering for crowd safety, London, UK, pp 231–237 Wilson G (1993) Logic engineering in public safety. In: Smith R, Dickie J (eds) Engineering for crowd safety, proceedings of the international conference on engineering for crowd safety, London, UK, pp 231–237
Zurück zum Zitat Wooldridge M, Jennings NR (1995) Intelligent agents: theory and practice. Knowl Eng Rev 10(2):115–152CrossRef Wooldridge M, Jennings NR (1995) Intelligent agents: theory and practice. Knowl Eng Rev 10(2):115–152CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A multi-agent based framework for the simulation of human and social behaviors during emergency evacuations
verfasst von
Xiaoshan Pan
Charles S. Han
Ken Dauber
Kincho H. Law
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
AI & SOCIETY / Ausgabe 2/2007
Print ISSN: 0951-5666
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-5655
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0126-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2007

AI & SOCIETY 2/2007 Zur Ausgabe