nach oben

Population and Environment

Erschienen in:

24.04.2018 | Original Paper

The effects of climate change on the geography and timing of human mobility

verfasst von: Jon Barnett, Celia McMichael

Erschienen in: Population and Environment | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Human mobility over different distances and time scales has long been associated with environmental change, and the idea of climate change is now affecting movement in new ways. In this paper, we discuss three cases from the South Pacific to explain the ways anticipated climate futures are changing mobility in the present. First, we examine village relocation in response to coastal erosion and inundation in Fiji, drawing on our study of the unfolding experience of Narikoso village in Kadavu Province. In contrast to this spatially constrained process of permanent relocation, we examine the spatially extended yet temporally constrained seasonal migrant worker programme that aims to support economic development in the Pacific Islands by providing temporary work visas in Australia and New Zealand. Finally, we examine the likely effects of proposed open labour markets as a means to promote climate change adaptation, through a study of the analogous example of Niuean migration to New Zealand which has resulted in both permanent migration and a slow circulation of people between both countries. Across these examples, we highlight emerging and potentially constructive ways in which climate change is altering the spatio-temporal patterns and rhythms of mobility.

Vorheriger Artikel Thresholds in climate migration

Nächster Artikel The uneven geography of research on “environmental migration”

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

ADB (Asian Development Bank). (2012). Addressing climate change and migration in Asia and the Pacific. Manila: Asian Development Bank.

Adger, N., Pulhin, J., Barnett, J., Dabelko, G., Hovelsrud, G., Levy, M., et al. (2014). Human security. In C. Field, V. Barros, D. Dokken, K. Mach, M. Mastrandrea, T. Bilir, et al. (Eds.), Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 755–791). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Agnew, J. (1994). The territorial trap: the geographical assumptions of international relations theory. Review of International Political Economy, 1(1), 53–80.CrossRef

Annis, E. (2015). Climate change and trade in the Pacific Island countries: the pacer plus agreement. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 47, 1497–1520.

Barcham, M., Scheyvens, R., & Overton, J. (2009). New Polynesian triangle: rethinking Polynesian migration and development in the Pacific. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 50(3), 322–337.CrossRef

Bardsley, D. K., & Hugo, G. J. (2010). Migration and climate change: examining thresholds of change to guide effective adaptation decision-making. Popul Environ, 32(2–3), 238–262.CrossRef

Barnett, J. (2008). The effect of aid on capacity to adapt to climate change: insights from Niue. Political Science, 60(1), 31–47.CrossRef

Barnett, J. (2012). On the risks of engineering mobility to reduce vulnerability to climate change: insights from a small island state. In K. Hastrup & K. Fog-Olwig (Eds.), Climate change and human mobility: global challenges to the Social Sciences (pp. 169–189). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Barnett, J. (2017). The dilemmas of normalising losses from climate change: towards hope for Pacific atoll countries. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 58(1), 3–13.CrossRef

Barnett, J., & Adger, N. (2003). Climate change and atoll countries. Clim Chang, 61(3), 321–337.CrossRef

Barnett, J., & Adger, N. (2018). Mobile worlds: choice at the intersection of demographic and environmental change. Annu Rev Environ Resour, 43 in press.

Barnett, J., & Chamberlain, N. (2010). Migration as climate change adaptation: implications for the Pacific. In B. Burson (Ed.), Climate change and migration: South Pacific perspectives (pp. 51–60). Wellington: Institute of Policy Studies.

Barnett, J., & Webber, M. (2010). Accommodating migration to promote adaptation to climate change, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5270. Washington: The World Bank.

Bauder, H. (2013). Nation, ‘migration’ and critical practice. Area, 45(1), 56–62.CrossRef

Black, R., Bennett, S. R., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R. (2011). Climate change: migration as adaptation. Nature, 478(7370), 447–449.CrossRef

Baldwin, A. (2014). Pluralising climate change and migration: an argument in favour of open futures. Geography Compass, 8(8), 516–528.CrossRef

Bedford, R., & Hugo, G. (2012). Population movement in the Pacific: A perspective on future prospects. Wellington: Department of Labour.

Bedford, R., Poot, J., & Ryan, T. (2006). Niue: Population policy scoping study. Hamilton: Population Studies Centre, University of Waikato.

Bedford, R., Bedford, C., Wall, J., & Young, M. (2017). Managed temporary labour migration of Pacific Islanders to Australia and New Zealand in the early twenty-first century. Australian Geographer, 48(1), 37–57.CrossRef

Borovnik, M. (2006). Working overseas: seafarers’ remittances and their distribution in Kiribati. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47(1), 151–161.CrossRef

Brace, C., & Geoghegan, H. (2011). Human geographies of climate change: landscape, temporality, and lay knowledges. Progress in Human Geography, 35(3), 284–302.CrossRef

Brickenstein, C. (2015). Impact assessment of seasonal labour migration in Australia and New Zealand: a win-win situation? Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 24(1), 107–129.CrossRef

Brown, S., & Bean, F. (2005). International migration. In D. L. Poston & M. Micklin (Eds.), Handbook of population (pp. 347–382). Dordrecht: Kluwer.CrossRef

Browne, C., & Mineshima, A. (2007). Remittances in the Pacific region. Working paper WP/07/35. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.

Campbell, J. R. (1990). Disasters and development in historical context: tropical cyclone response in the Banks Islands, Northern Vanuatu. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 8(3), 401–424.

Campbell, J. R. (2014). Climate-change migration in the Pacific. The Contemporary Pacific, 26(1), 1–28.CrossRef

Campbell, J., & Bedford, R. (2014). Migration and climate change in Oceania. In People on the move in a changing climate (pp. 177–204). Netherlands: Springer.CrossRef

Campbell, J. R., Goldsmith, M., Koshy, K., (2007). Community relocation as an option for adaptation to the effects of climate change and climate variability in Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research.

Chambers, K., & Chambers, A. (2001). Unity of heart, culture and change in a Polynesian Atoll Society. Prospect Heights: Waveland Press.

Connell, J. (2015). Samoa and Tonga: migration and remittances in the twenty-first century. In W. J. Khonje (Ed.), Migration and development: Perspectives from small states (pp.122–185). Commonwealth Secretariat.

Connell, J., & Brown, R. (2005). Remittances in the Pacific: An overview. Manila: Asian Development Bank.

Connell, J., & Conway, D. (2000). Migration and remittances in island microstates: a comparative perspective on the South Pacific and the Caribbean. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(1), 52–78.CrossRef

Couper, A. D. (1973). Islanders at sea: Change and the maritime economies of the Pacific. In H. C. Brookfield (Ed.), The Pacific in Transition: Geographical perspectives on adaption and change. London: Edward Arnold.

Department of Environment Fiji. (2005). Climate change: The Fiji Islands Response Fiji’s First National Communication Under the UNFCCC. Government of the Fiji Islands. Available via: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/fjinc1.pdf.

DIBP (Department of Immigration and Border Protection). (2016). Australia’s migration trends 2014–2015. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.

Dun, O., & Klocker, N. (2017). The migration of horticultural knowledge: Pacific Island seasonal workers in rural Australia—a missed opportunity? Australian Geographer, 48(1), 27–36.CrossRef

Farbotko, C. (2010). “The global warming clock is ticking so see these places while you can”: voyeuristic tourism and model environmental citizens on Tuvalu’s disappearing islands. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 31(2), 224–238.CrossRef

Fincher, R., Barnett, J., & Graham, S. (2015). Temporalities in adaptation to sea-level rise. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 105(2), 263–273.CrossRef

Foresight. (2011). Migration and global environmental change: Final project report. London: The Government Office for Science.

Fornalé, E. (2017). Labour mobility options as adaptation strategies to environmental changes? In D. Manou, A. Baldwin, D. Cubie, A. Mihr, & T. Thorp (Eds.), Climate change, migration and human rights: Law and policy perspectives (pp. 45–67). London: Routledge.

Gibson, J., & McKenzie, D. (2011). Australia’s PSWPS: development impacts in the first two years. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 52(3), 361–370.CrossRef

Goodwin, I. D., Browning, S. A., & Anderson, A. J. (2014). Climate windows for Polynesian voyaging to New Zealand and Easter Island. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 111(41), 14716–14721.CrossRef

de Haan, A. (1999). Livelihoods and poverty: the role of migration—a critical review of the migration literature. Journal of Development Studies, 36(2), 1–31.CrossRef

Hau'ofa, E., (1994). Our sea of islands. The Contemporary Pacific, 148–161.

Hennebry, J., & Preibisch, K. (2012). A model for managed migration? Re-examining best practices in Canada’s seasonal agricultural worker program. International Migration, 50(S1), 19–40.CrossRef

Hill, R., Diener, K., Miller, S., & White, T. (2006). IDP livelihoods and personal security: case studies from Colombia and Sudan. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 25(2), 40–57.CrossRef

Hino, M., Field, C. B., & Mach, K. (2017). Managed retreat as a response to natural hazard risk. Nature Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3252.

Hooper, A. (1990). Tokelau. In Ministry for the Environment (Ed.), Climatic change: Impacts on New Zealand (pp. 210–214). Wellington: New Zealand Ministry for the Environment.

Holgate, J. (2013). Temporary migrant workers and labor organization. In I. Ness (Ed.), The encyclopedia of global human migration. Oxford: Blackwell.

Hugo, G. (1981). Village-community ties village norms and ethnic and social networks: A review of evidence from the third world. New York: Pergamon Press.

Hugo, G. (1996). Environmental concerns and international migration. International Migration Review, 105–131.

Hugo, G. (2008a). Migration, development and environment. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.CrossRef

Hugo, G. (2008b). Immigrant settlement outside of Australia’s capital cities. Population, Space and Place, 14(6), 553–571.CrossRef

Hugo, G. (2009). Best practice in temporary labour migration for development: a perspective from Asia and the Pacific. International Migration, 47(5), 23–74.CrossRef

Hugo, G. (2011). Future demographic change and its interactions with migration and climate change. Global Environmental Change, 21, S21–S33.CrossRef

Hunt, T. L., & Lipo, C. P. (2006). Late colonization of Easter Island. Science, 311(5767), 1603–1606.CrossRef

IPCC. (2014). Summary for policymakers. In C. Field, V. Barros, D. Dokken, K. Mach, M. Mastrandrea, T. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. Ebi, Y. Estrada, R. Genova, B. Girma, E. Kissel, A. N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P. Mastrandrea, & L. White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1–32). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Joliffe, J., (2016). Narikoso relocation project: a cost–benefit analysis of ‘hard’ adaptation options. Unpublished report.

Kirch, P. (2002). On the road of the winds: an archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Kirch, P. (2010). Peopling of the Pacific: a holistic anthropological perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 131–148.CrossRef

Levitt, P., & Jaworsky, B. N. (2007). Transnational migration studies: past developments and future trends. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 129–156.CrossRef

Locke, J. (2009). Climate change-induced migration in the Pacific region: sudden crisis and long-term developments. Geographical Journal, 175(3), 171–180.CrossRef

Lucas, R. (2006). Migration and economic development in Africa: a review of evidence. Journal of African Economics, 15(2), 337–395.CrossRef

Maclellan, N., & Mares, P. (2006). Labour mobility in the Pacific: creating seasonal work programs in Australia. In S. Firth (Ed.), Globalization and governance in the Pacific Islands (pp. 137–171). Canberra: ANU E Press.

Martin, P. (2006), Managing labor migration: temporary worker programmes for the 21st century. In International Symposium on International Migration and Development. Italy: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat Turin.

Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. (1993). Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431–466.CrossRef

MBIE (Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment). (2016). Migration trends 2015/2016. Wellington: New Zealand Government.

McAdam, J., Burson, B., Kälin, W., Weerasinghe, S. (2016). International law and sea-level rise: forced migration and human rights. Fridtjof Nansen Institute Report 1/2016, Lysaker.

McLean, R., & Kench, P. (2015). Destruction or persistence of coral atoll islands in the face of 20th and 21st century sea-level rise? Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Chang, 6(5), 445–463.CrossRef

McLeman, R., & Smit, B. (2006). Migration as an adaptation to climate change. Climate Change, 76(1–2), 31–53.CrossRef

McNamara, K. E., & Des Combes, H. J. (2015). Planning for community relocations due to climate change in Fiji. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6(3), 315–319.CrossRef

Millbank, A. (2008). Guest workers for Australia: win-win, token gesture or moral hazard? People and Place, 16(3), 58–67.

Mitchell, G. (1977). Village agriculture in Niue: an examination of factors influencing participation and productivity. PhD. Thesis, University of Canterbury.

Nurse, L., McLean, R., Agard, J., Briguglio, L., Duvat-Magnan, V., Pelesikoti, N., Tompkins, E., & Webb, A. (2014). Small islands. In C. Field, V. Barros, D. Dokken, K. Mach, M. Mastrandrea, T. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. Ebi, Y. Estrada, R. Genova, B. Girma, E. Kissel, A. N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P. Mastrandrea, & L. White (Eds.), Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1613–1654). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Oke, N. (2012). Temporary migration, transnational politics? The politics of temporary migration in Australia. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 33(1), 85–101.CrossRef

Olwig, K. F. (2003). “Transnational” socio-cultural systems and ethnographic research: views from an extended field site. International Migration Review, 37(3), 787–811.CrossRef

Opeskin, B., & MacDermott, T. (2009). Resources, population and migration in the Pacific: connecting islands and rim. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 50(3), 353–373.CrossRef

Paulson, D. D. (1993). Hurricane hazard in Western Samoa. Geographical Review, 83(1), 43–53.CrossRef

Productivity Commission. (2011). Barriers to effective climate change adaptation. Productivity Commission Issues Paper. Melbourne: Commonwealth of Australia.

Reilly, A. (2011). The ethics of seasonal labour migration. Griffith Law Review, 20(1), 127–152.CrossRef

Republic of Fiji, (2014). Second national communication to the United Nations framework convention on climate change. Suva: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Rohorua, H., Gibson, J., McKenzie, D., & Martinez, P. G. (2009). How do Pacific Island households and communities cope with seasonally absent members? Pacific Economic Bulletin, 24(3), 19–38.

Rudiak-Gould, P. (2012). Promiscuous corroboration and climate change translation: a case study from the Marshall Islands. Global Environmental Change, 22(1), 46–54.CrossRef

Ruhs, M., & Martin, P. (2008). Numbers vs. rights: trade-offs and guest worker programs. International Migration Review, 42(1), 249–265.CrossRef

Sassen, S. (1998). Globalization and its discontents: essays on the new mobility of people and money. New York: New Press.

de Sherbinin, A., Castro, M., Gemenne, F., Cernea, M. M., Adamo, S., Fearnside, P. M., et al. (2011). Preparing for resettlement associated with climate change. Science, 334(6055), 456–457.CrossRef

Silvey, R. (2004). Power, difference and mobility: feminist advances in migration studies. Progress in Human Geography, 28(4), 490–506.CrossRef

SPC (Secretariat of the Pacific Community). (2014). Narikoso villagers elated with first harvest since planned relocation. Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/fiji/narikoso-villagers-elated-first-harvest-planned-relocation. Accessed 28 Nov 2017.

SPC (Secretariat of the Pacific Community). (2017). Population projections by PIC. Available via: https://prism.spc.int Accessed 24 Nov 2017.

Spennemann, D. (2006). Freshwater lens, settlement patterns, resource use and connectivity in the Marshall Islands. Transforming Cultures eJournal, 1(2).

Statistics New Zealand. (2013). 2013 Census. Available via: www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census.aspx.

Statistics Niue. (2012). Niue census of population and households 2011. Alofi: Government of Niue and Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

Tacoli, C. (2009). Crisis or adaptation? Migration and climate change in a context of high mobility. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 513–525.CrossRef

Tanner, A. (2007). On understanding too quickly: colonial and postcolonial misrepresentation of indigenous Fijian land tenure. Human Organization, 66(1), 69–77.CrossRef

Tham, J., Campbell, I., & Boese, M. (2016). Why is labour protection for temporary migrant workers so fraught? In J. Howe & R. Owens (Eds.), Temporary labour migration in the global era: the regulatory changes. London: Hart.

Valiani, S. (2013). Temporary migrant, globalization, 20^th century to present. In I. Ness (Ed.), The encyclopedia of global human migration. Oxford: Blackwell.

Weber, E. (2015). Envisioning south-south relations in the fields of environmental change and migration in the Pacific Islands—past, present and futures. Bandung: Journal of the Global South, 2(1), 6.CrossRef

Weisler, M. I. (2001). Life on the edge: prehistoric settlement and economy on Utrōk Atoll, northern Marshall Islands. Archaeol Ocean, 36(3), 109–133.CrossRef

Titel: The effects of climate change on the geography and timing of human mobility
verfasst von: Jon Barnett
Celia McMichael
Publikationsdatum: 24.04.2018
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Population and Environment / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0199-0039
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7810
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-018-0295-5

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

The evolution and impacts of Graeme Hugo’s environmental migration research

The uneven geography of research on “environmental migration”

Thresholds in climate migration

Coordinated approaches to large-scale movements of people: contributions of the Paris Agreement and the Global Compacts for migration and on refugees

Special issue dedicated to the memory of Professor Graeme Hugo