Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 1/2015

01.07.2015 | Original Research

Value exploration and materialization in diversification strategies

verfasst von: Mark E. Holder, Aiwu Zhao

Erschienen in: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting | Ausgabe 1/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The commonly accepted explanation in early studies to diversification discount is that diversification destroys value because of operational inefficiency. Such argument neglects the value of growth potentials incorporated in the value measures such as market-to-book ratio. Our study indicates that diversification activities are strategic decisions that will change the real options of a firm and will create value impacts that are different from those caused by changes in operational efficiency. We find that diversification activities, especially unrelated diversification activities, carried out by below average performers tend to increase firm value, in terms of market-to-book ratio, as a result of exploring for new growth opportunities. Whereas diversification activities carried out by above average performers tend to decrease firm value as a result of materializing excess capability. The result indicates that value changes around diversification are different for different firms. In addition to changes in operational efficiency, changes in growth potentials play a role in explaining diversification discount phenomenon as well.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abel AB, Dixit AK, Eberly JD, Pindyck RS (1996) Options, the value of capital, and investment. Q J Econ 111:753–777CrossRef Abel AB, Dixit AK, Eberly JD, Pindyck RS (1996) Options, the value of capital, and investment. Q J Econ 111:753–777CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Alvarez LHR (1999) Optimal exit and valuation under demand uncertainty: a real options approach. Eur J Oper Res 114:320–329CrossRef Alvarez LHR (1999) Optimal exit and valuation under demand uncertainty: a real options approach. Eur J Oper Res 114:320–329CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson RI, Stowe JD, Xing XJ (2011) Does corporate diversification reduce firm risk? Evidence from diversifying acquisitions. Rev Pac Basin Financ Mark Policies 14:485–504CrossRef Anderson RI, Stowe JD, Xing XJ (2011) Does corporate diversification reduce firm risk? Evidence from diversifying acquisitions. Rev Pac Basin Financ Mark Policies 14:485–504CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baumol WJ (1967) Business behavior, value and growth. Harcourt, Brace, & World, New York Baumol WJ (1967) Business behavior, value and growth. Harcourt, Brace, & World, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Berger PG, Ofek E (1995) Diversification’s effect on firm value. J Financ Econ 37:39–65CrossRef Berger PG, Ofek E (1995) Diversification’s effect on firm value. J Financ Econ 37:39–65CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bernardo AE, Chowdhry B (2002) Resources, real options, and corporate strategy. J Financ Econ 63:211–234CrossRef Bernardo AE, Chowdhry B (2002) Resources, real options, and corporate strategy. J Financ Econ 63:211–234CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bettis RA (1981) Performance differences in related and unrelated diversified firms. Strateg Manag J 2:379–393CrossRef Bettis RA (1981) Performance differences in related and unrelated diversified firms. Strateg Manag J 2:379–393CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Campa JM, Kedia S (2002) Explaining the diversification discount. J Financ 57:1731–1762CrossRef Campa JM, Kedia S (2002) Explaining the diversification discount. J Financ 57:1731–1762CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chang CC, Chen MY (2012) Re-examining the investment-uncertainty relationship in a real options model. Rev Quant Financ Acc 38:241–255CrossRef Chang CC, Chen MY (2012) Re-examining the investment-uncertainty relationship in a real options model. Rev Quant Financ Acc 38:241–255CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat De Andrés-Alonso P, Azofra-Palenzuela V, De La Fuente-Herrero G (2005) Real options as a component of the market value of stocks: evidence from the Spanish stock market. Appl Econ 37:1673–1691CrossRef De Andrés-Alonso P, Azofra-Palenzuela V, De La Fuente-Herrero G (2005) Real options as a component of the market value of stocks: evidence from the Spanish stock market. Appl Econ 37:1673–1691CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dixit AK, Pindyck RS (1999) Expandability, reversibility, and optimal capacity choice. In: Brennan MJ, Trigeorgis L (eds) Project flexibility, agency, and competition. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 50–70 Dixit AK, Pindyck RS (1999) Expandability, reversibility, and optimal capacity choice. In: Brennan MJ, Trigeorgis L (eds) Project flexibility, agency, and competition. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 50–70
Zurück zum Zitat Gary MS (2005) Implementation strategy and performance outcomes in related diversification. Strateg Manag J 26:643–664 Gary MS (2005) Implementation strategy and performance outcomes in related diversification. Strateg Manag J 26:643–664
Zurück zum Zitat Gomes J, Livdan D (2004) Optimal diversification: reconciling theory and evidence. J Financ 59:507–535CrossRef Gomes J, Livdan D (2004) Optimal diversification: reconciling theory and evidence. J Financ 59:507–535CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat He X (2009) Corporate diversification and firm value: evidence from post-1997 data. Int Rev Financ 9:359–385CrossRef He X (2009) Corporate diversification and firm value: evidence from post-1997 data. Int Rev Financ 9:359–385CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hubbard RG, Palia D (1999) A re-examination of the conglomerate merger wave in the 1960s: an internal capital markets view. J Financ 54:1131–1152CrossRef Hubbard RG, Palia D (1999) A re-examination of the conglomerate merger wave in the 1960s: an internal capital markets view. J Financ 54:1131–1152CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat John K, Ofek E (1995) Asset sales and increase in focus. J Financ Econ 37:105–126CrossRef John K, Ofek E (1995) Asset sales and increase in focus. J Financ Econ 37:105–126CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kadiyala P (2000) The relation between the magnitude of growth opportunities and the duration of equity. J Financ Res 23:285–310CrossRef Kadiyala P (2000) The relation between the magnitude of growth opportunities and the duration of equity. J Financ Res 23:285–310CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kester WC (1984) Today’s options for tomorrow’s growth. Harv Bus Rev 62:153–160 Kester WC (1984) Today’s options for tomorrow’s growth. Harv Bus Rev 62:153–160
Zurück zum Zitat Kulatilaka N, Perotti EC (1998) Strategic growth options. Manag Sci 44:1021–1031CrossRef Kulatilaka N, Perotti EC (1998) Strategic growth options. Manag Sci 44:1021–1031CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lang L, Stulz RM (1994) Tobin’s q, corporate diversification, and firm performance. J Polit Econ 102:1248–1280CrossRef Lang L, Stulz RM (1994) Tobin’s q, corporate diversification, and firm performance. J Polit Econ 102:1248–1280CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Loughran T, Vijh AM (1997) Do long-term shareholders benefit from corporate acquisitions. J Financ 52:1765–1790CrossRef Loughran T, Vijh AM (1997) Do long-term shareholders benefit from corporate acquisitions. J Financ 52:1765–1790CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Makhija M (2003) Comparing the resource-based and market-based views of the firm: empirical evidence from Czech privatization. Strateg Manag J 24:433–451CrossRef Makhija M (2003) Comparing the resource-based and market-based views of the firm: empirical evidence from Czech privatization. Strateg Manag J 24:433–451CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Maksimovic V, Phillips G (2002) Do conglomerate firms allocate resources inefficiently across industries? Theory and evidence. J Financ 57:721–767CrossRef Maksimovic V, Phillips G (2002) Do conglomerate firms allocate resources inefficiently across industries? Theory and evidence. J Financ 57:721–767CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Markides CC, Williamson PJ (1994) Related diversification, core competencies and corporate performance. Strateg Manag J 15:149–165CrossRef Markides CC, Williamson PJ (1994) Related diversification, core competencies and corporate performance. Strateg Manag J 15:149–165CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Markides CC, Williamson PJ (1996) Corporate diversification and organizational structure: a resource-based view. Acad Manag J 80:340–367CrossRef Markides CC, Williamson PJ (1996) Corporate diversification and organizational structure: a resource-based view. Acad Manag J 80:340–367CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Matsusaka J (1993) Takeover motives during the conglomerate merger wave. RAND J Econ 24:357–379CrossRef Matsusaka J (1993) Takeover motives during the conglomerate merger wave. RAND J Econ 24:357–379CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mölls S, Schild KH (2012) Decision-making in sequential projects: expected time-to-build and probability of failure. Rev Quant Financ Acc 39:1–25CrossRef Mölls S, Schild KH (2012) Decision-making in sequential projects: expected time-to-build and probability of failure. Rev Quant Financ Acc 39:1–25CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morck R, Yeung B (1991) Why investors value multinationality? J Bus 64:165–187CrossRef Morck R, Yeung B (1991) Why investors value multinationality? J Bus 64:165–187CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morck R, Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1990) Do managerial objectives drive bad acquisitions? J Financ 45:31–48CrossRef Morck R, Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1990) Do managerial objectives drive bad acquisitions? J Financ 45:31–48CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Myers S (1977) Determinants of corporate borrowing. J Financ Econ 5:147–175CrossRef Myers S (1977) Determinants of corporate borrowing. J Financ Econ 5:147–175CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat PÁstor L, Pietro V (2003) Stock valuation and learning about profitability. J Financ 58:1749–1790CrossRef PÁstor L, Pietro V (2003) Stock valuation and learning about profitability. J Financ 58:1749–1790CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rappaport A, Mauboussin M (2001) Expectations investing: reading stock prices for better returns. HBS Press, Boston Rappaport A, Mauboussin M (2001) Expectations investing: reading stock prices for better returns. HBS Press, Boston
Zurück zum Zitat Scharfstein D, Stein J (2000) The dark side of internal capital markets: divisional rent-seeking and inefficient investment. J Financ 55:2537–2564CrossRef Scharfstein D, Stein J (2000) The dark side of internal capital markets: divisional rent-seeking and inefficient investment. J Financ 55:2537–2564CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shin HH, Stulz RM (1998) Are internal capital markets efficient? Q J Econ 113:531–552CrossRef Shin HH, Stulz RM (1998) Are internal capital markets efficient? Q J Econ 113:531–552CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1989) Management entrenchment: the case of manager-specific investments. J Financ Econ 25:123–139CrossRef Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1989) Management entrenchment: the case of manager-specific investments. J Financ Econ 25:123–139CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stein JC (1997) Internal capital markets and the competition for corporate resources. J Financ 52:111–133 Stein JC (1997) Internal capital markets and the competition for corporate resources. J Financ 52:111–133
Zurück zum Zitat Villalonga B (2004a) Diversification discount or premium? New evidence from the business information tracking series. J Financ 59:479–506CrossRef Villalonga B (2004a) Diversification discount or premium? New evidence from the business information tracking series. J Financ 59:479–506CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Villalonga B (2004b) Does diversification cause the diversification discount? Financ Manag 33:5–27 Villalonga B (2004b) Does diversification cause the diversification discount? Financ Manag 33:5–27
Zurück zum Zitat Villalonga B, McGahan AM (2005) The choice among acquisitions, alliances, and divestitures. Strateg Manag J 26:1183–1208CrossRef Villalonga B, McGahan AM (2005) The choice among acquisitions, alliances, and divestitures. Strateg Manag J 26:1183–1208CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wernerfelt B (1984) A resource-based view of the firm. Strateg Manag J 5:171–180CrossRef Wernerfelt B (1984) A resource-based view of the firm. Strateg Manag J 5:171–180CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Whited TS (2001) Is it inefficient investment that causes the diversification discount? J Financ 56:1667–1691CrossRef Whited TS (2001) Is it inefficient investment that causes the diversification discount? J Financ 56:1667–1691CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang L (2006) What has motivated diversification: evidence from corporate governance. Dissertation, University of Maryland Yang L (2006) What has motivated diversification: evidence from corporate governance. Dissertation, University of Maryland
Metadaten
Titel
Value exploration and materialization in diversification strategies
verfasst von
Mark E. Holder
Aiwu Zhao
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting / Ausgabe 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0924-865X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7179
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-014-0434-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2015

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 1/2015 Zur Ausgabe