Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 3/2021

15.03.2021 | Original Research

Is Foreign Exchange Risk Priced in Bank Loan Spreads?

verfasst von: Young Sang Kim, Junyoup Lee, Ha-Chin Yi

Erschienen in: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting | Ausgabe 3/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of foreign exchange (FX) exposure on bank loan spreads. Private bank loans are a major form of corporate financing in both developing and developed countries. However, the international component of credit risk in bank loan pricing has been largely ignored. Controlling for firm- and loan-level characteristics, our results show that firm-level FX exposure is positively related to loan spreads. The results imply that, if other loan and firm characteristics remain constant, syndicated loan lenders view FX exposure as an additional risk factor that can impede future loan repayments. As a result, lenders price borrowing firms’ FX exposure, driven by cash flow volatility and foreign operation. The results are robust to different measures of FX exposure, firm fixed effects, cash flow volatility, and controlling for other confounding factors. Our findings are consistent with those of prior international finance studies that document a positive relation between firm-level cash flow volatility and FX exposure and provide important implications for MNCs and policymakers involved with cross-country operations.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
For example, the unconditional risk premium attached to foreign currency exposure appears to be small and never significant. As a result, active hedging policies do not affect the cost of capital, and other reasons must explain why firms decide to hedge (Jorion 1991). However, Bartram and Karolyi (2006) find that cross-sectional differences in FX exposure are due to differences in the borrowing firms’ characteristics, including hedging. Thus, the literature provides mixed results
 
3
Effective hedging theories and empirical studies are based on reducing the volatility of a firm’s cash flow. Risk management theory suggests that firms’ hedging activities mitigate financial distress costs (Smith and Stulz 1985; Leland 1998) and alleviate the impact of costly external financing by ensuring funds are available when needed (Froot, Scharfstein, and Stein 1993; Holmstörm and Tirole 2000).
 
5
We also try alternative choices of three-year rolling windows and different market index returns. The results are qualitatively similar to the results reported here.
 
6
Transaction exposure describes the uncertainty in the domestic currency cash flows that results from unexpected changes in FX rates between the time the FX transaction is entered into the system and when it is settled. Economic exposure describes the effects of unexpected changes in FX rates on the long-term cash flows of the firm (Shapiro 2009).
 
7
According to Eun and Resnick (2004), political risk ranges from unexpected changes in tax rules to outright expropriation of assets held by foreigners. This arises because a sovereign country can change the rules of the game. For example, Enron signed a contract to build the largest power plant in India in 1995, but this was cancelled by the opposition of nationalist politicians after Enron had already spent nearly USD 300 million.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aabo T (2006) The importance of corporate foreign debt in managing exchange rate exposures in non-financial companies. European Financial Management 12:633–649CrossRef Aabo T (2006) The importance of corporate foreign debt in managing exchange rate exposures in non-financial companies. European Financial Management 12:633–649CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Adam TR, Fernando CS, Salas JM (2012) Why do firms engage in selective hedging? Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät Adam TR, Fernando CS, Salas JM (2012) Why do firms engage in selective hedging? Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
Zurück zum Zitat Adler M, Dumas B (1984) Exposure to currency risk: Definition and measurement. Financ Manag 1:41–50CrossRef Adler M, Dumas B (1984) Exposure to currency risk: Definition and measurement. Financ Manag 1:41–50CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Allayannis G, Weston J (2001) The use of foreign currency derivatives and firm market value. Rev Financ Stud 14:243–276CrossRef Allayannis G, Weston J (2001) The use of foreign currency derivatives and firm market value. Rev Financ Stud 14:243–276CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bartov E, Bodnar GM (1994) Firm valuation, earnings expectations, and the exchange-rate exposure effect. J Financ 49:1755–1785CrossRef Bartov E, Bodnar GM (1994) Firm valuation, earnings expectations, and the exchange-rate exposure effect. J Financ 49:1755–1785CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bartram SM (2007) Corporate cash flow and stock price exposures to foreign exchange rate risk. J Corp Financ 13:981–994CrossRef Bartram SM (2007) Corporate cash flow and stock price exposures to foreign exchange rate risk. J Corp Financ 13:981–994CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bartram SM (2008) What lies beneath: Foreign exchange rate exposure, hedging and cash flows. J Bank Financ 32:1508–1521CrossRef Bartram SM (2008) What lies beneath: Foreign exchange rate exposure, hedging and cash flows. J Bank Financ 32:1508–1521CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bartram SM et al (2010) Resolving the exposure puzzle: The many facets of exchange rate exposure. J Financ Econ 95(2):148–173CrossRef Bartram SM et al (2010) Resolving the exposure puzzle: The many facets of exchange rate exposure. J Financ Econ 95(2):148–173CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bartram SM, Bodnar GM (2012) Crossing the lines: The conditional relation between exchange rate exposure and stock returns in emerging and developed markets. J Int Money Financ 31:766–792CrossRef Bartram SM, Bodnar GM (2012) Crossing the lines: The conditional relation between exchange rate exposure and stock returns in emerging and developed markets. J Int Money Financ 31:766–792CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bartram SM, Karolyi GA (2006) The impact of the introduction of the Euro on foreign exchange rate risk exposures. J Empir Financ 13(4–5):519–549CrossRef Bartram SM, Karolyi GA (2006) The impact of the introduction of the Euro on foreign exchange rate risk exposures. J Empir Financ 13(4–5):519–549CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Berg T, Saunders A, Steffen S (2016) The total cost of corporate borrowing in the loan market: Don’t ignore the fees. J Financ 71(3):1357–1392CrossRef Berg T, Saunders A, Steffen S (2016) The total cost of corporate borrowing in the loan market: Don’t ignore the fees. J Financ 71(3):1357–1392CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bergbrant M, Hunter D (2018) How do credit market conditions affect firms’ post-hedging outcomes? Evidence from bank lending standards and firms’ currency exposure. J Corp Financ 50:203–222CrossRef Bergbrant M, Hunter D (2018) How do credit market conditions affect firms’ post-hedging outcomes? Evidence from bank lending standards and firms’ currency exposure. J Corp Financ 50:203–222CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bodnar GM, Wong MF (2003) Estimating exchange rate exposures: issues in model structure. Financ Manag 1:35–67CrossRef Bodnar GM, Wong MF (2003) Estimating exchange rate exposures: issues in model structure. Financ Manag 1:35–67CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bredin D, Hyde S (2011) Investigating sources of unanticipated exposure in industry stock returns. J Bank Financ 35:1128–1142CrossRef Bredin D, Hyde S (2011) Investigating sources of unanticipated exposure in industry stock returns. J Bank Financ 35:1128–1142CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Campello M et al (2011) The real and financial implications of corporate hedging. J Financ 66(5):1615–1647CrossRef Campello M et al (2011) The real and financial implications of corporate hedging. J Financ 66(5):1615–1647CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carrieri F, Errunza V, Majerbi B (2006) Does emerging market exchange risk affect global equity prices? J Financ Quant Anal 41:511–540CrossRef Carrieri F, Errunza V, Majerbi B (2006) Does emerging market exchange risk affect global equity prices? J Financ Quant Anal 41:511–540CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chaieb I, Mazzotta S (2013) Unconditional and conditional exchange rate exposure. J Int Money Financ 32:781–808CrossRef Chaieb I, Mazzotta S (2013) Unconditional and conditional exchange rate exposure. J Int Money Financ 32:781–808CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chan LH et al (2013) The effects of firm-initiated clawback provisions on bank loan contracting. J Financ Econ 110(3):659–679CrossRef Chan LH et al (2013) The effects of firm-initiated clawback provisions on bank loan contracting. J Financ Econ 110(3):659–679CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chava S, Roberts MR (2008) How does financing impact investment? The role of debt covenants. J Financ 63:2085–2121CrossRef Chava S, Roberts MR (2008) How does financing impact investment? The role of debt covenants. J Financ 63:2085–2121CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Choi JJ, Jiang C (2009) Does multinationality matter? Implications of operational hedging for the exchange risk exposure. J Bank Finance 33(11):1973–1982CrossRef Choi JJ, Jiang C (2009) Does multinationality matter? Implications of operational hedging for the exchange risk exposure. J Bank Finance 33(11):1973–1982CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chow EH, Lee WY, Solt ME (1997) The exchange-rate risk exposure of asset returns. J Bus 1:105–123CrossRef Chow EH, Lee WY, Solt ME (1997) The exchange-rate risk exposure of asset returns. J Bus 1:105–123CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chui MK, Domanski D, Kugler P, Shek J (2010) The collapse of international bank finance during the crisis: evidence from syndicated loan markets. BIS Q Rev Part 4 Chui MK, Domanski D, Kugler P, Shek J (2010) The collapse of international bank finance during the crisis: evidence from syndicated loan markets. BIS Q Rev Part 4
Zurück zum Zitat De Santis G, Gerard B (1998) How big is the premium for currency risk? J Financ Econ 49:375–412CrossRef De Santis G, Gerard B (1998) How big is the premium for currency risk? J Financ Econ 49:375–412CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dennis SA, Mullineaux DJ (2000) Syndicated loans. J Financ Intermed 9:404–426CrossRef Dennis SA, Mullineaux DJ (2000) Syndicated loans. J Financ Intermed 9:404–426CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Diamond DW (1984) Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring. Rev Econ Stud 51:393–414CrossRef Diamond DW (1984) Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring. Rev Econ Stud 51:393–414CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Diamond DW (1991) Monitoring and reputation: The choice between bank loans and directly placed debt. J Polit Econ 99:689–721CrossRef Diamond DW (1991) Monitoring and reputation: The choice between bank loans and directly placed debt. J Polit Econ 99:689–721CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Doidge C, Griffin J, Williamson R (2006) Measuring the economic importance of exchange rate exposure. J Empir Financ 13:550–576CrossRef Doidge C, Griffin J, Williamson R (2006) Measuring the economic importance of exchange rate exposure. J Empir Financ 13:550–576CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dumas B (1978) The theory of the trading firm revisited. J Financ 33:1019–1030CrossRef Dumas B (1978) The theory of the trading firm revisited. J Financ 33:1019–1030CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dumas B, Solnik B (1995) The world price of foreign exchange risk. J Financ 50:445–479CrossRef Dumas B, Solnik B (1995) The world price of foreign exchange risk. J Financ 50:445–479CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eun CS, Resnick BG (2004) International financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston Eun CS, Resnick BG (2004) International financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston
Zurück zum Zitat Fama EF (1985) What’s Different about Banks? J Monet Econ 15:29–39CrossRef Fama EF (1985) What’s Different about Banks? J Monet Econ 15:29–39CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fatemi AM (1984) Shareholder benefits from corporate international diversification. J Financ 39:1325–1344CrossRef Fatemi AM (1984) Shareholder benefits from corporate international diversification. J Financ 39:1325–1344CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Flood Jr E, Lessard DR (1986) On the measurement of operating exposure to exchange rates: a conceptual approach. Financ Manag 25–36 Flood Jr E, Lessard DR (1986) On the measurement of operating exposure to exchange rates: a conceptual approach. Financ Manag 25–36
Zurück zum Zitat Francis BB, Hasan I, Hunter DM (2008) Can hedging tell the full story? Reconciling differences in United States aggregate-and industry-level exchange rate risk premium. J Financ Econ 90:169–196CrossRef Francis BB, Hasan I, Hunter DM (2008) Can hedging tell the full story? Reconciling differences in United States aggregate-and industry-level exchange rate risk premium. J Financ Econ 90:169–196CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Froot KA, Scharfstein DS, Stein JC (1993) Risk management: coordinating corporate investment and financing policies. J Financ 48(5):1629–1658CrossRef Froot KA, Scharfstein DS, Stein JC (1993) Risk management: coordinating corporate investment and financing policies. J Financ 48(5):1629–1658CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Garner CK, Shapiro AC (1984) A practical method of assessing foreign exchange risk. Midl Corp Financ J 2:6–17 Garner CK, Shapiro AC (1984) A practical method of assessing foreign exchange risk. Midl Corp Financ J 2:6–17
Zurück zum Zitat Geczy C, Minton BA, Schrand C (1997) Why firms use currency derivatives. J Financ 52:1323–1354CrossRef Geczy C, Minton BA, Schrand C (1997) Why firms use currency derivatives. J Financ 52:1323–1354CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Graham JR, Li S, Qiu J (2008) Corporate misreporting and bank loan contracting. J Financ Econ 89:44–61CrossRef Graham JR, Li S, Qiu J (2008) Corporate misreporting and bank loan contracting. J Financ Econ 89:44–61CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Griffin JM, Stulz RM (2001) International competition and exchange rate shocks: a cross-country industry analysis of stock returns. Rev Financ Stud 14(1):215–241CrossRef Griffin JM, Stulz RM (2001) International competition and exchange rate shocks: a cross-country industry analysis of stock returns. Rev Financ Stud 14(1):215–241CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hollander S, Verriest A (2016) Bridging the gap: the design of bank loan contracts and distance. J Financ Econ 119(2):399–419CrossRef Hollander S, Verriest A (2016) Bridging the gap: the design of bank loan contracts and distance. J Financ Econ 119(2):399–419CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holmström B, Tirole J (1997) Financial intermediation, loanable funds, and the real sector. Q J Econ 112:663–691CrossRef Holmström B, Tirole J (1997) Financial intermediation, loanable funds, and the real sector. Q J Econ 112:663–691CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holmström B, Tirole J (2000) Liquidity and risk management. J Money Cred Bank 295–319 Holmström B, Tirole J (2000) Liquidity and risk management. J Money Cred Bank 295–319
Zurück zum Zitat Hughes JS, Logue DE, Sweeney RJ (1975) Corporate international diversification and market assigned measures of risk and diversification. J Financ Quant Anal 10:627–637CrossRef Hughes JS, Logue DE, Sweeney RJ (1975) Corporate international diversification and market assigned measures of risk and diversification. J Financ Quant Anal 10:627–637CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ivashina V (2009) Asymmetric information effects on loan spreads. J Financ Econ 92:300–319CrossRef Ivashina V (2009) Asymmetric information effects on loan spreads. J Financ Econ 92:300–319CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jorion P (1990) The exchange-rate exposure of US multinationals. J Bus 63:331–345CrossRef Jorion P (1990) The exchange-rate exposure of US multinationals. J Bus 63:331–345CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jorion P (1991) The pricing of exchange rate risk in the stock market. J Financ Quant Anal 26:363–376CrossRef Jorion P (1991) The pricing of exchange rate risk in the stock market. J Financ Quant Anal 26:363–376CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Judge A (2006) Why and how UK firms hedge. Eur Financ Manag 12(3):407–441CrossRef Judge A (2006) Why and how UK firms hedge. Eur Financ Manag 12(3):407–441CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Keloharju M, Niskanen M (2001) Why do firms raise foreign currency denominated debt? Evidence from Finland. Eur Financ Manag 7:481–496CrossRef Keloharju M, Niskanen M (2001) Why do firms raise foreign currency denominated debt? Evidence from Finland. Eur Financ Manag 7:481–496CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim YS, Krapl AA (2016) Foreign exchange exposure, financial distress and bankruptcy. Working Paper Kim YS, Krapl AA (2016) Foreign exchange exposure, financial distress and bankruptcy. Working Paper
Zurück zum Zitat Kolari JW, Moorman TC, Sorescu SM (2008) Foreign exchange risk and the cross-section of stock returns. J Int Money Financ 27:1074–1097CrossRef Kolari JW, Moorman TC, Sorescu SM (2008) Foreign exchange risk and the cross-section of stock returns. J Int Money Financ 27:1074–1097CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kwok CC, Reeb DM (2000) Internationalization and firm risk: an upstream-downstream hypothesis. J Int Bus Stud 31:611–629CrossRef Kwok CC, Reeb DM (2000) Internationalization and firm risk: an upstream-downstream hypothesis. J Int Bus Stud 31:611–629CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lewellen WG (1971) A pure financial rationale for the conglomerate merger. J Financ 26:521–537CrossRef Lewellen WG (1971) A pure financial rationale for the conglomerate merger. J Financ 26:521–537CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Leland HE (1998) Agency costs, risk management, and capital structure. J Financ 53(4):1213–1243CrossRef Leland HE (1998) Agency costs, risk management, and capital structure. J Financ 53(4):1213–1243CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lim J, Minton B, Weisnach M (2014) Syndicated loan spreads and the composition of the syndicate. J Financ Econ 111:45–69CrossRef Lim J, Minton B, Weisnach M (2014) Syndicated loan spreads and the composition of the syndicate. J Financ Econ 111:45–69CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Martin AD, Mauer LJ (2003) Exchange rate exposures of US banks: a cash flow-based methodology. J Bank Financ 27:851–865CrossRef Martin AD, Mauer LJ (2003) Exchange rate exposures of US banks: a cash flow-based methodology. J Bank Financ 27:851–865CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Michel A, Shaked I (1986) Multinational corporations vs. domestic corporations: financial performance and characteristics. J Int Bus Stud 17:89–100CrossRef Michel A, Shaked I (1986) Multinational corporations vs. domestic corporations: financial performance and characteristics. J Int Bus Stud 17:89–100CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Minton BA, Schrand C (1999) The impact of cash flow volatility on discretionary investment and the costs of debt and equity financing. J Financ Econ 54:423–460CrossRef Minton BA, Schrand C (1999) The impact of cash flow volatility on discretionary investment and the costs of debt and equity financing. J Financ Econ 54:423–460CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Olibe KO, Michello FA, Thorne J (2008) Systematic risk and international diversification: An empirical perspective. Int Rev Financ Anal 17(4):681–698CrossRef Olibe KO, Michello FA, Thorne J (2008) Systematic risk and international diversification: An empirical perspective. Int Rev Financ Anal 17(4):681–698CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oxelheim L, Wihlborg C (1995) Measuring macroeconomic exposure: the case of Volvo Cars. Eur Financ Manag 1:241–263CrossRef Oxelheim L, Wihlborg C (1995) Measuring macroeconomic exposure: the case of Volvo Cars. Eur Financ Manag 1:241–263CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rauh R, Sufi A (2010) Capital structure and debt structure. Rev Financ Stud 12:4242–4280CrossRef Rauh R, Sufi A (2010) Capital structure and debt structure. Rev Financ Stud 12:4242–4280CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reeb DM, Kwok CC, Baek HY (1998) Systematic risk of the multinational corporation. J Int Bus Stud 29:263–279CrossRef Reeb DM, Kwok CC, Baek HY (1998) Systematic risk of the multinational corporation. J Int Bus Stud 29:263–279CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts MR, Sufi A (2009) Renegotiation of financial contracts: Evidence from private credit agreements. J Financ Econ 93(2):159–184CrossRef Roberts MR, Sufi A (2009) Renegotiation of financial contracts: Evidence from private credit agreements. J Financ Econ 93(2):159–184CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Santos JA, Winton A (2008) Bank loans, bonds, and information monopolies across the business cycle. J Financ 63(3):1315–1359CrossRef Santos JA, Winton A (2008) Bank loans, bonds, and information monopolies across the business cycle. J Financ 63(3):1315–1359CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sercu P (1980) A generalization of the international asset pricing model. Revue de l’Association Française de Finance 1:91–135 Sercu P (1980) A generalization of the international asset pricing model. Revue de l’Association Française de Finance 1:91–135
Zurück zum Zitat Sercu P (2009) International finance: theory into practice. Princeton University Press. Sercu P (2009) International finance: theory into practice. Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro AC (1975) Exchange rate changes, inflation, and the value of the multinational corporation. J Financ 30:485–502CrossRef Shapiro AC (1975) Exchange rate changes, inflation, and the value of the multinational corporation. J Financ 30:485–502CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro AC (2009) Multinational financial management. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N. J. Shapiro AC (2009) Multinational financial management. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N. J.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith CW, Stulz RM (1985) The determinants of firms’ hedging policies. J Financ Quant Anal 20(4):391–405CrossRef Smith CW, Stulz RM (1985) The determinants of firms’ hedging policies. J Financ Quant Anal 20(4):391–405CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Solnik BH (1974) An equilibrium model of the international capital market. J Econ Theory 8:500–524CrossRef Solnik BH (1974) An equilibrium model of the international capital market. J Econ Theory 8:500–524CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stohs MH, Mauer DC (1996) The determinants of corporate debt maturity structure. J Bus 279–312. Stohs MH, Mauer DC (1996) The determinants of corporate debt maturity structure. J Bus 279–312.
Zurück zum Zitat Stulz R (1981) A model of international asset pricing. J Financ Econ 9:383–406CrossRef Stulz R (1981) A model of international asset pricing. J Financ Econ 9:383–406CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sufi A (2007) Information asymmetry and financing arrangements: Evidence from syndicated loans. J Financ 62:629–668CrossRef Sufi A (2007) Information asymmetry and financing arrangements: Evidence from syndicated loans. J Financ 62:629–668CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sufi A (2009) The real effects of debt certification: Evidence from the introduction of bank loan ratings. Rev Financ Stud 22:1659–1691CrossRef Sufi A (2009) The real effects of debt certification: Evidence from the introduction of bank loan ratings. Rev Financ Stud 22:1659–1691CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wei KD, Starks LT (2013) Foreign exchange exposure elasticity and financial distress. Financ Manag 42:709–735CrossRef Wei KD, Starks LT (2013) Foreign exchange exposure elasticity and financial distress. Financ Manag 42:709–735CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yi HC, Mullineaux DJ (2006) The Informational Role of Bank Loan Ratings. J Financ Res 29:481–501CrossRef Yi HC, Mullineaux DJ (2006) The Informational Role of Bank Loan Ratings. J Financ Res 29:481–501CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Is Foreign Exchange Risk Priced in Bank Loan Spreads?
verfasst von
Young Sang Kim
Junyoup Lee
Ha-Chin Yi
Publikationsdatum
15.03.2021
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0924-865X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7179
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-021-00970-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2021

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 3/2021 Zur Ausgabe