1 Introduction
2 Experiments
2.1 Mix Proportions
Chemical composition (%) | Mineral composition (%) | Density (g/cm3) | Blaine (cm2/g) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\( {\text{CaO}} \)
|
\( {\text{SiO}}_{2} \)
|
\( {\text{Al}}_{2} O_{3} \)
|
\( {\text{Fe}}_{2} O_{3} \)
|
\( {\text{MgO}} \)
|
\( {\text{Na}}_{2} O \)
|
\( {\text{K}}_{2} O \)
|
\( {\text{SO}}_{3} \)
|
\( {\text{C}}_{3} S \)
|
\( {\text{C}}_{2} S \)
|
\( {\text{C}}_{3} A \)
|
\( {\text{C}}_{4} AF \)
| ||
62.2 | 19.5 | 5.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 49.2 | 18.8 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 3.12 | 4600 |
\( f_{cd}^{'} \) (MPa) |
W/C
| Slump (mm) |
\( \frac{S}{S + G} \)
| Weight per unit volume (kg/m3) | SP/C
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water (W) | Cement (C) | Sand (S) | Gravel (G) | |||||
30 | 0.5 | 200 | 0.39 | 177 | 354 | 668 | 1053 | 0.01 |
40 | 0.41 | 200 | 0.37 | 177 | 433 | 606 | 1040 | 0.01 |
50 | 0.35 | 200 | 0.36 | 177 | 506 | 570 | 1022 | 0.01 |
2.2 Preparation of the Specimens
Specimens |
\( f_{cd}^{'} \) (MPa) |
T
max
(°C) | Equivalent ages, t
eq
(h) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Name | 9 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 36 | 100 | 168 | |||||||||
1 | HCL20 | 30 | 20 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 16.1 | 14.2 | 21.5 | 22.1 | 35.4 | 29.2 | 34.7 | 34.5 |
2 | HCL30 | 30 | 30 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 21.5 | 22.9 | 32.6 | 36 | 33.1 | 33.4 |
3 | HCL40 | 30 | 40 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 20.0 | 20.2 | 28.1 | 30.5 | 32.8 | 33.6 |
4 | HCL50 | 30 | 50 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 32.3 | 32.6 | 33.9 | 33.2 |
5 | HCL60 | 30 | 60 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 20.1 | 20.8 | 29.1 | 30.9 | 32.6 | 32.8 |
6 | HCM20 | 40 | 20 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 23.1 | 23.5 | 27.6 | 29.0 | 34.5 | 35.8 | 41.7 | 43.0 | 45.5 | 43.9 |
7 | HCM30 | 40 | 30 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 20.1 | 17.5 | 21.8 | 24.5 | 28.1 | 31.2 | 39.1 | 38.6 | 43.8 | 42.2 |
8 | HCM40 | 40 | 40 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 23.7 | 25.0 | 29.0 | 30.0 | 38.0 | 39.8 | 41.8 | 42.5 |
9 | HCM50 | 40 | 50 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 17.6 | 18.0 | 23.1 | 25.8 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 41.6 | 39.1 | 42.8 | 42.9 |
10 | HCM60 | 40 | 60 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.5 | 8.2 | 18.1 | 17.8 | 23.9 | 26.3 | 29.0 | 32.5 | 42.8 | 42.6 | 43.8 | 43.7 |
11 | HCH20 | 50 | 20 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 28.2 | 27.8 | 34.3 | 33.9 | 39.3 | 39.8 | 50.5 | 53.3 | 56.7 | 57.0 |
12 | HCH30 | 50 | 30 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 25.2 | 24.5 | 31.0 | 32.3 | 41.7 | 40.7 | 49.1 | 46.3 | 54.3 | 53.9 |
13 | HCH40 | 50 | 40 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 21.5 | 21.4 | 28.0 | 30.0 | 37.0 | 37.5 | 47.2 | 47.2 | 51.5 | 53.8 |
14 | HCH50 | 50 | 50 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 17.4 | 16.3 | 29.8 | 30.9 | 34.1 | 34.3 | 46.7 | 45.0 | 51.5 | 50.0 |
15 | HCH60 | 50 | 60 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 16.1 | 20.1 | 27.2 | 28.5 | 34.1 | 34.2 | 41.0 | 42.0 | 50.8 | 51.3 |
2.3 Development of Concrete Compressive Strength
3 Prediction of ESC Compressive Strength
3.1 Previous Models: Review
3.2 Development of the Model
Cases | Specimens | Eq. no. |
\( f_{cd}^{'} \) (MPa) |
T
max
(°C) | No. of data | Regression parameters and β
| Statistical parameters on S
thy
/S
exp
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Name |
S
u
(MPa) |
k
r
(h−1) |
t
0r
(h) |
A (\( \times 10^{5} {\text{hrs}}^{ - 1} \)) |
E (\( {\text{J}}/{\text{mol}} \)) |
β
|
μ
|
σ
| |||||
I | 1-5 | CL20-60 | 5 | 30 | All | 70 | 39.8 | 0.04 | 9.6 | – | – | – | 1.41 | 1.23 |
6-10 | CM20-60 | 40 | All | 70 | 47.0 | 0.07 | 8.8 | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.30 | ||
11-15 | CH20-60 | 50 | All | 70 | 56.8 | 0.07 | 9.4 | – | – | – | 1.34 | 1.09 | ||
II | 1 | CL20 | 5 | 30 | 20 | 14 | 44.0 | 0.031 | 9.7 | 1.006 | 36,541.3 | – | 1.66 | 1.54 |
2 | CL30 | 30 | 14 | 42.6 | 0.034 | 9.9 | 1.006 | 36,270.3 | – | 1.30 | 0.66 | |||
3 | CL40 | 40 | 14 | 41.1 | 0.036 | 8.2 | 1.006 | 36,154.5 | – | 1.01 | 0.15 | |||
4 | CL50 | 50 | 14 | 39.7 | 0.034 | 10.2 | 1.005 | 36,287.0 | – | 1.45 | 1.09 | |||
5 | CL60 | 60 | 14 | 38.3 | 0.042 | 9.3 | 1.006 | 35,789.3 | – | 1.11 | 0.32 | |||
6 | CM20 | 40 | 20 | 14 | 52.5 | 0.071 | 9.3 | 1.010 | 34,518.5 | – | 1.17 | 0.43 | ||
7 | CM30 | 30 | 14 | 50.8 | 0.054 | 8.4 | 1.009 | 35,185.0 | – | 1.02 | 0.07 | |||
8 | CM40 | 40 | 14 | 49.1 | 0.063 | 8.3 | 1.007 | 34,780.9 | – | 1.03 | 0.06 | |||
9 | CM50 | 50 | 14 | 47.4 | 0.060 | 8.8 | 1.008 | 34,900.1 | – | 0.96 | 0.23 | |||
10 | CM60 | 60 | 14 | 45.7 | 0.080 | 9.0 | 1.009 | 34,227.4 | – | 1.03 | 0.11 | |||
11 | CH20 | 50 | 20 | 14 | 62.4 | 0.076 | 8.9 | 1.010 | 34,340.3 | – | 0.97 | 0.19 | ||
12 | CH30 | 30 | 14 | 60.4 | 0.068 | 9.3 | 1.010 | 34,616.0 | – | 1.21 | 0.54 | |||
13 | CH40 | 40 | 14 | 58.3 | 0.059 | 9.6 | 1.009 | 34,952.6 | – | 1.69 | 1.70 | |||
14 | CH50 | 50 | 14 | 56.3 | 0.057 | 9.8 | 1.009 | 35,047.0 | – | 1.19 | 0.50 | |||
15 | CH60 | 60 | 14 | 54.2 | 0.063 | 9.6 | 1.008 | 34,791.3 | – | 1.19 | 0.50 | |||
III | 1-15 | All | 5 | All | All | 210 | Equation (7) | Equation (6) | 9.02 | 1.000 | Equation (8) | – | 1.30 | 1.16 |
IV | 1-15 | All | 10 | All | All | 210 | Equation (7) | Equation (6) | 9.02 | 1.000 | Equation (8) | Equation (9) | 0.97 | 0.22 |