Background
Literature overview
The temporal–causal network model
Mirror neurons and internal simulation
Action ownership states for God and Self
God-ownership state | Self-ownership state | |
---|---|---|
Action |
\({\text{os}}_{{God,a_{i} ,e_{i} ,b_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,c_{i} ,e_{i} ,b_{i} }}\)
|
Emotion |
\({\text{os}}_{{God,b{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,b{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
|
The God-image
Input from religious texts
‘The Bible frames the essential principles of how human beings should deal with God and with each other’
‘The foundation of all foundations and the pillar of wisdom is to know that there is a Primary Being who brought into being all existence’
(Laws of the Foundation of the Torah 1:1, Moznaim Trans.), in the Christian Bible (John 6:29), and in the first of the five pillars of Iman, faith, of Islam.
Input from parents or other caregivers
Input from prayer
From states | To state |
ω
| From states | To state |
ω
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\({\text{ws}}_{{Godaction \, a_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{Godaction \, a_{i} }}\)
|
ω
1
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
gs
h
|
\({\text{ps}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
ω
13a
ω
13b
ω
13c
ω
13d
|
\({\text{ws}}_{{Godimage_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{Godimage_{i} }}\)
|
ω
2
| |||
\({\text{ws}}_{{Godemotion \, b_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{Godemotion \, b_{i} }}\)
|
ω
3
| |||
\({\text{ws}}_{{prayer \, s_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
ω
4
| |||
\({\text{ws}}_{{emotion \, d_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
ω
5
| gfs
h
gs
h
| gs
h
|
ω
14a
ω
14b
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
ω
6
| |||
\({\text{ss}}_{{Godaction \, a_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
\({\text{ps}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
|
ω
7a
ω
7b
ω
7c
ω
7d
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
| gfs
h
|
ω
15a
ω
15b
ω
15c
|
\({\text{ps}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{fs}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
ω
16a
ω
16b
| |||
\({\text{ss}}_{{Godimage_{i} }}\)
ss
s
ps
s
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
|
ω
8a
ω
8b
ω
8c
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
srs
e
fs
d
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,c_{i} ,d_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
|
ω
17a
ω
17b
ω
17c
|
\({\text{ss}}_{{Godemotion \, b_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
\({\text{ps}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
|
ω
9a
ω
9b
ω
9c
ω
9d
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{os}}_{{God,a_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
|
ω
18a
ω
18b
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
srs
e
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,d{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
|
ω
19a
ω
19b
| |||
\({\text{ps}}_{{c_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{e_{i} }}\)
|
ω
10
|
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,image_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{os}}_{{God,b{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
|
ω
20a
ω
20b
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,c_{i} ,d_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{os}}_{{God,a_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,a_{i} }}\)
\({\text{fs}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
gs
h
|
\({\text{ps}}_{{c_{i} }}\)
|
ω
11a
ω
11b
ω
11c
ω
11d
ω
11e
|
\({\text{os}}_{{God,a_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,c_{i} ,d_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{ps}}_{{c_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{es}}_{{c_{i} }}\)
|
ω
21a
ω
21b
ω
21c
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,d_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{os}}_{{God,b{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{God,b_{i} }}\)
\({\text{srs}}_{{e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{fs}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
gs
h
|
\({\text{ps}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
ω
12a
ω
12b
ω
12c
ω
12d
ω
12e
ω
12f
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,d_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{os}}_{{God,b{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
\({\text{ps}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{es}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
ω
22a
ω
22b
ω
22c
|
\({\text{ps}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{es}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
ω
23
| |||
\({\text{es}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ws}}_{{s_{i} }}\)
|
ω
24
| |||
\({\text{es}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
\({\text{ws}}_{{d_{i} }}\)
|
ω
25
|
Abbreviation | Description |
---|---|
ws
W
W: prayer s
i
; God-image
i
; Godaction a
i
; Godemotion b
i
; d
i
| A world state W |
ss
W
W: prayer s
i
; God-image
i
; Godaction a
i
; Godemotion b
i
; d
i
| Sensor state for W |
srs
X
X: God,image
i
; God, a
i
; God, b
i
; d
i
; e
i
| Sensory representation state for X |
ps
Y
Y: c
i
, d
i
, s
i
| Preparation state for executing Y |
\({\text{os}}_{{God,a{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
| Ownership state for God of action a
i
and effect e
i
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,c_{i} ,b_{i} ,e_{i} }}\)
| Ownership state for the Self of action c
i
, effect e
i
and emotion b
i
|
\({\text{os}}_{{God,b{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
| Ownership state for God of emotion b
i
and effect e
i
|
\({\text{os}}_{{Self,d{}_{i},e_{i} }}\)
| Ownership state for the Self of emotion d
i
and effect e
i
|
es
Y
Y: c
i
; b
i
; s
i
| Execution state for Y: executing c
i
or expressing b
i
or s
i
|
\({\text{fs}}_{{b_{i} }}\)
| Feeling state for b
i
|
gs
h
| Goal state for h |
gfs
h
| Goal fulfillment state for h |
Variable | Description |
---|---|
a
i
i: 1;2 | Either an empathic action for the God image (a1) or a dis-empathic action (a2) |
b
i
| An emotion of the God-image (associated to action effect), either an empathic emotion (b1) or a dis-empathic emotion (b2) |
c
i
| A behaviour option for the Self, related to action a
i
of the God-image, either empathic behaviour (c1) or dis-empathic behaviour (c2) |
d
i
| A feeling of the Self related to emotion bi of the God-image, (associated to action effect ei); either an empathic feeling (d1) or a dis-empathic feeling (d2) |
e
i
| The predicted effect of a behaviour |
h
| goal that an individual can have |
s
i
| A prayer that an individual can execute, either internal or externally expressed, and either conscious or unconscious |
From conceptual to numerical representation of the model
-
Connection weights ω X,Y for each connection from state X to state Y.
-
Combination functions c Y (..) to aggregate multiple impacts for each state Y.
-
Speed factors η Y for speed of change for each state Y.
Simulation scenarios
A person with a neutral God-image
A person with an empathic God-image
A person with a dis-empathic God-image
A person with autism
-
A lower connection strength (around 0.3) of the mirroring mechanism, which are the connection from the sensory representations of the God image, God emotions and God actions to the preparation states of the individual’s actions or emotions.
-
A lower connection strength (around 0.3) of the internal simulation/mentalizing mechanism, which are the connections from the preparation states for an individual’s actions to the sensory representations for the effects of those actions.
-
For an individual with Autism Spectrum Disorders that experiences difficulties in the social domain: stronger negative external influence, and stronger links from dis-empathic God actions and emotions: the dis-empathic connections are around 1.0, while the empathic connections are around 0.8. The negative external influences \({\text{ws}}_{{Godaction\_a_{2} }}\), \({\text{ws}}_{{Godemotion\_b_{2} }}\) and \({\text{ws}}_{{God,image_{2} }}\) are 1.0, while the positive external influences, \({\text{ws}}_{{Godaction\_a_{1} }}\), \({\text{ws}}_{{Godemotion\_b_{1} }}\) and \({\text{ws}}_{{God,image_{1} }}\) are 0.5. The results can be found in Fig. 5.×