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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Lookahead Policies

verfasst von : Jan Brinkmann

Erschienen in: Active Balancing of Bike Sharing Systems

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In this chapter, we introduce the lookahead policies originally presented by Brinkmann et al. (2019a, b) to solve the \(\text {IRP}_\text {BSS}\). The LAs base on the blue print introduced in Sect. 4.​2.​2 but are strongly adapted to the requirements of the \(\text {IRP}_\text {BSS}\).

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Fußnoten
1
We are aware that the notation of post-decision states usually reads \(s_k^x\). As LAs investigate the resulting failed requests with respect to potential inventory decisions and ignores the routing decision in the first step, we use the notation \(s_k^\iota \).
 
2
In Sect. 8.​5.​5, we apply rollout algorithms to solve the MDP of the \(\text {IRP}_\text {BSS}\). We conclude, that rollout algorithms are not advantageous compared to the LAs.
 
3
Please note: Unlike the penalty functions introduced in Sects. 4.​1 and 5.​3, the penalty functions in the online simulation refer to states and stations.
 
4
In the case studies (Chap. 8), one time unit t corresponds to one minute.
 
5
The notation of fill levels in decision point k reads \(f_k^n\). As an \(\text {LA}_\text {off}\) investigate the fill level development independently from the MDP, we use the notation \(f_t^n\) instead.
 
6
Here, an inventory decision \(\iota \) affects \(n_k^v\) only as the offline simulation component neglects station interactions. This is reflected by \(\gamma ^-_{\iota _i,n} = \gamma ^-_{\iota _j, n}\) and \(\gamma ^+_{\iota _i,n} = \gamma ^+_{\iota _j, n}, \forall n \in N \setminus \{n_k^v\}\) and for any two given inventory decisions \(\iota _i,\iota _j\).
 
7
Notably, we also observe some rare returns indicated by the small increments of the solid line. The corresponding bikes are instantly rented and, therefore, reduce the amount of failed requests.
 
8
If v is the current vehicle, we use the term \(f_k^v - \iota ^x\) instead to include the inventory decision.
 
9
If v is the current vehicle, we use the term \(c^v - f_k^v - \iota ^x\) instead to include the inventory decision.
 
10
In Sect. 8.​7.​1, we investigate the impact of the heuristic and the optimal assignment in the stochastic-dynamic environment and confirm the observations of Powell et al. (2000).
 
Metadaten
Titel
Lookahead Policies
verfasst von
Jan Brinkmann
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35012-3_6

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