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Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Markov Chain Analysis of CA and CF with Multiple Types of Users

verfasst von : Lei Jiao

Erschienen in: Channel Aggregation and Fragmentation for Traffic Flows

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In the previous chapter, we studied in depth the impact of CA and CF on traffic flows in systems where there exists only one type of users with one type of flows. In this chapter, the influence of CA and CF is studied in a more complicated scenario, i.e., the one in which multiple users exist, and where users have different priorities in using channel resources. CRN is a typical example for such a system, and we study the CRNs where PUs and SUs have one type of flows for each.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Markov Chain Analysis of CA and CF with a Single Type of Users
Nächstes Kapitel Test-Bed Evaluation of CA and CF via a Software Defined Radio
Fußnoten
1
Spectrum sensing is a technique of CRNs that is designed to prevent interference with PUs and to identify the available spectrum. One can refer to [1] for more details.
 
2
A real-time voice conversation may tolerate up to 3% of packet loss [2]. The re-transmission scheme at MAC layer can also reduce the impact of packet loss for traffic flows.
 
3
If we consider queuing as another system resource, the capacity upper bound may be larger as the chain length can be further extended by the queue. Though this is out of scope of this book, one can refer to [3] for a concrete example when queuing is considered.
 
4
Note that the binomial distribution converges to a Poisson distribution when n →∞, i.e., \(\lim _{\substack {n\rightarrow \infty }}\frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}(\frac {\iota T}{n})^k(1-\frac {\iota T}{n})^{(n-k)}=e^{-\iota T}\frac {(\iota T)^{k}}{k!}\). In our simulations, as T is the time unit and n is sufficiently large, the probability \(\frac {\iota T}{n}\) is sufficiently small.
 
5
Note that the random walk is adopted to describe the presence of PU flows, rather than the PUs’ movement behavior.
 
Literatur
1.
Yucek T, Arslan H (2009) A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 11(1):116–130CrossRef
2.
Recommendation, G (2001) 1010 End-user multimedia QoS categories. ITU-T, November
3.
Balapuwaduge IAM, Jiao L, Pla V, Li FY (2014) Channel assembling with priority-based queues in cognitive radio networks: strategies and performance evaluation. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 13(2):630–645CrossRef
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Gillespie DT (1976) A general method for numerically simulating the stochastic time evolution of coupled chemical reactions. J Comput Phys 22(4):403–434MathSciNetCrossRef
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Willkomm D, Machiraju S, Bolot J, Wolisz A (2009) Primary user behavior in cellular networks and implications for dynamic spectrum access. IEEE Commun Mag 47(3):88–95CrossRef
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Barford P, Crovella M (1998) Generating representative web workloads for network and server performance evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, SIGMETRICS ’98/PERFORMANCE ’98. ACM, New York, pp 151–160CrossRef
7.
Jiao L, Li FY, Pla V (2012) Modeling and performance analysis of channel assembling in multichannel cognitive radio networks with spectrum adaptation. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 61(6):2686–2697CrossRef
8.
Jiao L, Balapuwaduge IAM, Li FY, Pla V (2014) On the performance of channel assembling and fragmentation in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 13(10):5661–5675CrossRef
9.
Balapuwaduge IAM, Jiao L, Li FY (2012) Complexity analysis of spectrum access strategies with channel aggregation in CR networks. In: 2012 IEEE global communications conference (GLOBECOM), pp 1295–1301
Metadaten
Titel
Markov Chain Analysis of CA and CF with Multiple Types of Users
verfasst von
Lei Jiao
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Buch
Channel Aggregation and Fragmentation for Traffic Flows

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33079-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-33080-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33080-4_4

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