Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Matching Patterns with Variables

verfasst von : Florin Manea, Markus L. Schmid

Erschienen in: Combinatorics on Words

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A pattern \(\alpha \) (i. e., a string of variables and terminals) matches a word w, if w can be obtained by uniformly replacing the variables of \(\alpha \) by terminal words. The respective matching problem, i. e., deciding whether or not a given pattern matches a given word, is generally https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-28796-2_1/478851_1_En_1_IEq3_HTML.gif -complete, but can be solved in polynomial-time for classes of patterns with restricted structure. In this paper we overview a series of recent results related to efficient matching for patterns with variables, as well as a series of extensions of this problem.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Problems that are hard for the parameterised complexity class https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-28796-2_1/478851_1_En_1_IEq121_HTML.gif are strongly believed to be not fixed-parameter tractable.
 
2
See [23, 32] for a formal definition of the treewidth.
 
3
See Sect. 6 for the respective exceptions.
 
4
A graph is outer-planar if it has a planar embedding with all vertices lying on the outer face.
 
Literatur
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Baker, B.S.: Parameterized pattern matching: algorithms and applications. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 52, 28–42 (1996)MathSciNetCrossRef Baker, B.S.: Parameterized pattern matching: algorithms and applications. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 52, 28–42 (1996)MathSciNetCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bannai, H., I, T., Inenaga, S., Nakashima, Y., Takeda, M., Tsuruta, K.: The “runs” theorem. SIAM J. Comput. 46(5), 1501–1514 (2017)MathSciNetCrossRef Bannai, H., I, T., Inenaga, S., Nakashima, Y., Takeda, M., Tsuruta, K.: The “runs” theorem. SIAM J. Comput. 46(5), 1501–1514 (2017)MathSciNetCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Barceló, P., Libkin, L., Lin, A.W., Wood, P.T.: Expressive languages for path queries over graph-structured data. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 37, 31 (2012)CrossRef Barceló, P., Libkin, L., Lin, A.W., Wood, P.T.: Expressive languages for path queries over graph-structured data. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 37, 31 (2012)CrossRef
7.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Câmpeanu, C., Salomaa, K., Yu, S.: A formal study of practical regular expressions. Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. 14, 1007–1018 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef Câmpeanu, C., Salomaa, K., Yu, S.: A formal study of practical regular expressions. Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. 14, 1007–1018 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Casel, K., Day, J.D., Fleischmann, P., Kociumaka, T., Manea, F., Schmid, M.L.: Graph and string parameters: connections between pathwidth, cutwidth and the locality number. CoRR, to appear in Proceedings of the ICALP 2019, abs/1902.10983 (2019). http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10983 Casel, K., Day, J.D., Fleischmann, P., Kociumaka, T., Manea, F., Schmid, M.L.: Graph and string parameters: connections between pathwidth, cutwidth and the locality number. CoRR, to appear in Proceedings of the ICALP 2019, abs/1902.10983 (2019). http://​arxiv.​org/​abs/​1902.​10983
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Crochemore, M.: An optimal algorithm for computing the repetitions in a word. Inf. Process. Lett. 12(5), 244–250 (1981)MathSciNetCrossRef Crochemore, M.: An optimal algorithm for computing the repetitions in a word. Inf. Process. Lett. 12(5), 244–250 (1981)MathSciNetCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Day, J.D., Fleischmann, P., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: Local patterns. In: 37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, FSTTCS 2017, pp. 24:1–24:14 (2017) Day, J.D., Fleischmann, P., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: Local patterns. In: 37th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, FSTTCS 2017, pp. 24:1–24:14 (2017)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Day, J.D., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: The hardness of solving simple word equations. In: Proceedings of the MFCS 2017. LIPIcs, vol. 83, pp. 18:1–18:14 (2017) Day, J.D., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: The hardness of solving simple word equations. In: Proceedings of the MFCS 2017. LIPIcs, vol. 83, pp. 18:1–18:14 (2017)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Diekert, V., Jez, A., Kufleitner, M.: Solutions of word equations over partially commutative structures. In: Proceedings of the 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, ICALP 2016. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 55, pp. 127:1–127:14 (2016) Diekert, V., Jez, A., Kufleitner, M.: Solutions of word equations over partially commutative structures. In: Proceedings of the 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, ICALP 2016. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 55, pp. 127:1–127:14 (2016)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Erlebach, T., Rossmanith, P., Stadtherr, H., Steger, A., Zeugmann, T.: Learning one-variable pattern languages very efficiently on average, in parallel, and by asking queries. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 261, 119–156 (2001)MathSciNetCrossRef Erlebach, T., Rossmanith, P., Stadtherr, H., Steger, A., Zeugmann, T.: Learning one-variable pattern languages very efficiently on average, in parallel, and by asking queries. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 261, 119–156 (2001)MathSciNetCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernau, H., Manea, F., Mercas, R., Schmid, M.L.: Pattern matching with variables: fast algorithms and new hardness results. In: 32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, STACS 2015, pp. 302–315 (2015) Fernau, H., Manea, F., Mercas, R., Schmid, M.L.: Pattern matching with variables: fast algorithms and new hardness results. In: 32nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, STACS 2015, pp. 302–315 (2015)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernau, H., Manea, F., Mercas, R., Schmid, M.L.: Revisiting Shinohara’s algorithm for computing descriptive patterns. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 733, 44–54 (2018)MathSciNetCrossRef Fernau, H., Manea, F., Mercas, R., Schmid, M.L.: Revisiting Shinohara’s algorithm for computing descriptive patterns. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 733, 44–54 (2018)MathSciNetCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernau, H., Schmid, M.L.: Pattern matching with variables: a multivariate complexity analysis. Inf. Comput. 242, 287–305 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRef Fernau, H., Schmid, M.L.: Pattern matching with variables: a multivariate complexity analysis. Inf. Comput. 242, 287–305 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernau, H., Schmid, M.L., Villanger, Y.: On the parameterised complexity of string morphism problems. In: Proceedings of the 33rd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, FSTTCS. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 24, pp. 55–66 (2013) Fernau, H., Schmid, M.L., Villanger, Y.: On the parameterised complexity of string morphism problems. In: Proceedings of the 33rd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, FSTTCS. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), vol. 24, pp. 55–66 (2013)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernau, H., Schmid, M.L., Villanger, Y.: On the parameterised complexity of string morphism problems. Theory Comput. Syst. 59(1), 24–51 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRef Fernau, H., Schmid, M.L., Villanger, Y.: On the parameterised complexity of string morphism problems. Theory Comput. Syst. 59(1), 24–51 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Freydenberger, D.D.: A logic for document spanners. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT 2017. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs) Freydenberger, D.D.: A logic for document spanners. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database Theory, ICDT 2017. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Freydenberger, D.D., Holldack, M.: Document spanners: from expressive power to decision problems. Theory Comput. Syst. 62(4), 854–898 (2018)MathSciNetCrossRef Freydenberger, D.D., Holldack, M.: Document spanners: from expressive power to decision problems. Theory Comput. Syst. 62(4), 854–898 (2018)MathSciNetCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Freydenberger, D.D.: Extended regular expressions: succinctness and decidability. Theory Comput. Syst. 53, 159–193 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRef Freydenberger, D.D.: Extended regular expressions: succinctness and decidability. Theory Comput. Syst. 53, 159–193 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Freydenberger, D.D., Reidenbach, D.: Bad news on decision problems for patterns. Inf. Comput. 208(1), 83–96 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef Freydenberger, D.D., Reidenbach, D.: Bad news on decision problems for patterns. Inf. Comput. 208(1), 83–96 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Freydenberger, D.D., Reidenbach, D.: Existence and nonexistence of descriptive patterns. Theor. Comput. Sci. 411(34–36), 3274–3286 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef Freydenberger, D.D., Reidenbach, D.: Existence and nonexistence of descriptive patterns. Theor. Comput. Sci. 411(34–36), 3274–3286 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Freydenberger, D.D., Reidenbach, D.: Inferring descriptive generalisations of formal languages. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 79(5), 622–639 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRef Freydenberger, D.D., Reidenbach, D.: Inferring descriptive generalisations of formal languages. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 79(5), 622–639 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedl, J.E.F.: Mastering Regular Expressions, 3rd edn. O’Reilly, Sebastopol (2006) Friedl, J.E.F.: Mastering Regular Expressions, 3rd edn. O’Reilly, Sebastopol (2006)
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York (1979)MATH Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York (1979)MATH
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Gawrychowski, P., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: Testing generalised freeness of words. In: STACS 2014. LIPIcs, vol. 25, pp. 337–349. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2014) Gawrychowski, P., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: Testing generalised freeness of words. In: STACS 2014. LIPIcs, vol. 25, pp. 337–349. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2014)
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Gawrychowski, P., I, T., Inenaga, S., Köppl, D., Manea, F.: Tighter bounds and optimal algorithms for all maximal \(\alpha \)-gapped repeats and palindromes - finding all maximal \(\alpha \)-gapped repeats and palindromes in optimal worst case time on integer alphabets. Theory Comput. Syst. 62(1), 162–191 (2018) Gawrychowski, P., I, T., Inenaga, S., Köppl, D., Manea, F.: Tighter bounds and optimal algorithms for all maximal \(\alpha \)-gapped repeats and palindromes - finding all maximal \(\alpha \)-gapped repeats and palindromes in optimal worst case time on integer alphabets. Theory Comput. Syst. 62(1), 162–191 (2018)
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Gawrychowski, P., Manea, F., Mercas, R., Nowotka, D., Tiseanu, C.: Finding pseudo-repetitions. In: 30th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, STACS 2013, Kiel, Germany, 27 February-2 March 2013. LIPIcs, vol. 20, pp. 257–268 (2013) Gawrychowski, P., Manea, F., Mercas, R., Nowotka, D., Tiseanu, C.: Finding pseudo-repetitions. In: 30th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, STACS 2013, Kiel, Germany, 27 February-2 March 2013. LIPIcs, vol. 20, pp. 257–268 (2013)
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Halfon, S., Schnoebelen, P., Zetzsche, G.: Decidability, complexity, and expressiveness of first-order logic over the subword ordering. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS 2017, pp. 1–12. IEEE Computer Society (2017) Halfon, S., Schnoebelen, P., Zetzsche, G.: Decidability, complexity, and expressiveness of first-order logic over the subword ordering. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS 2017, pp. 1–12. IEEE Computer Society (2017)
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ibarra, O.H., Pong, T.C., Sohn, S.M.: A note on parsing pattern languages. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 16, 179–182 (1995)CrossRef Ibarra, O.H., Pong, T.C., Sohn, S.M.: A note on parsing pattern languages. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 16, 179–182 (1995)CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang, T., Salomaa, A., Salomaa, K., Yu, S.: Decision problems for patterns. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 50(1), 53–63 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRef Jiang, T., Salomaa, A., Salomaa, K., Yu, S.: Decision problems for patterns. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 50(1), 53–63 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Karhumäki, J., Plandowski, W., Mignosi, F.: The expressibility of languages and relations by word equations. J. ACM 47, 483–505 (2000)MathSciNetCrossRef Karhumäki, J., Plandowski, W., Mignosi, F.: The expressibility of languages and relations by word equations. J. ACM 47, 483–505 (2000)MathSciNetCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Kärkkäinen, J., Sanders, P., Burkhardt, S.: Linear work suffix array construction. J. ACM 53, 918–936 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef Kärkkäinen, J., Sanders, P., Burkhardt, S.: Linear work suffix array construction. J. ACM 53, 918–936 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Kearns, M.J., Pitt, L.: A polynomial-time algorithm for learning k-variable pattern languages from examples. In: Proceedings of the Second Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 1989, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 31 July–2 August 1989, pp. 57–71 (1989) Kearns, M.J., Pitt, L.: A polynomial-time algorithm for learning k-variable pattern languages from examples. In: Proceedings of the Second Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, COLT 1989, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 31 July–2 August 1989, pp. 57–71 (1989)
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Kolpakov, R., Kucherov, G.: Searching for gapped palindromes. Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(51), 5365–5373 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef Kolpakov, R., Kucherov, G.: Searching for gapped palindromes. Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(51), 5365–5373 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Kosolobov, D., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: Detecting one-variable patterns. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval , SPIRE 2017, Palermo, Italy, 26–29 September 2017, pp. 254–270 (2017)CrossRef Kosolobov, D., Manea, F., Nowotka, D.: Detecting one-variable patterns. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval , SPIRE 2017, Palermo, Italy, 26–29 September 2017, pp. 254–270 (2017)CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Lothaire, M.: Combinatorics on Words. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)CrossRef Lothaire, M.: Combinatorics on Words. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Lothaire, M.: Algebraic Combinatorics on Words, chap. 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York (2002) Lothaire, M.: Algebraic Combinatorics on Words, chap. 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York (2002)
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Lothaire, M.: Algebraic Combinatorics on Words. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York (2002)CrossRef Lothaire, M.: Algebraic Combinatorics on Words. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York (2002)CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Lyndon, R.C., Schupp, P.E.: Combinatorial Group Theory. Springer, Heidelberg (1977)MATH Lyndon, R.C., Schupp, P.E.: Combinatorial Group Theory. Springer, Heidelberg (1977)MATH
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Makanin, G.S.: The problem of solvability of equations in a free semigroup. Matematicheskii Sbornik 103, 147–236 (1977)MathSciNetMATH Makanin, G.S.: The problem of solvability of equations in a free semigroup. Matematicheskii Sbornik 103, 147–236 (1977)MathSciNetMATH
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Mateescu, A., Salomaa, A.: Finite degrees of ambiguity in pattern languages. RAIRO Inf. Théor. Appl. 28, 233–253 (1994)MathSciNetCrossRef Mateescu, A., Salomaa, A.: Finite degrees of ambiguity in pattern languages. RAIRO Inf. Théor. Appl. 28, 233–253 (1994)MathSciNetCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Ng, Y.K., Shinohara, T.: Developments from enquiries into the learnability of the pattern languages from positive data. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 397, 150–165 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRef Ng, Y.K., Shinohara, T.: Developments from enquiries into the learnability of the pattern languages from positive data. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 397, 150–165 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ordyniak, S., Popa, A.: A parameterized study of maximum generalized pattern matching problems. Algorithmica 75, 1–26 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRef Ordyniak, S., Popa, A.: A parameterized study of maximum generalized pattern matching problems. Algorithmica 75, 1–26 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Plandowski, W.: An efficient algorithm for solving word equations. In: Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2006, pp. 467–476 (2006) Plandowski, W.: An efficient algorithm for solving word equations. In: Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2006, pp. 467–476 (2006)
75.
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Reidenbach, D.: An examination of ohlebusch and ukkonen’s conjecture on the equivalence problem for e-pattern languages. J. Automata Lang. Comb. 12(3), 407–426 (2007)MathSciNetMATH Reidenbach, D.: An examination of ohlebusch and ukkonen’s conjecture on the equivalence problem for e-pattern languages. J. Automata Lang. Comb. 12(3), 407–426 (2007)MathSciNetMATH
77.
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmid, M.L.: A note on the complexity of matching patterns with variables. Inf. Process. Lett. 113(19–21), 729–733 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRef Schmid, M.L.: A note on the complexity of matching patterns with variables. Inf. Process. Lett. 113(19–21), 729–733 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulz, K.U.: Word unification and transformation of generalized equations. J. Autom. Reason. 11, 149–184 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRef Schulz, K.U.: Word unification and transformation of generalized equations. J. Autom. Reason. 11, 149–184 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Shinohara, T.: Polynomial time inference of pattern languages and its application. In: Proceedings of 7th IBM Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS, pp. 191–209 (1982) Shinohara, T.: Polynomial time inference of pattern languages and its application. In: Proceedings of 7th IBM Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS, pp. 191–209 (1982)
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng, Y., Ganesh, V., Subramanian, S., Tripp, O., Berzish, M., Dolby, J., Zhang, X.: Z3str2: an efficient solver for strings, regular expressions, and length constraints. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 50(2–3), 249–288 (2017)CrossRef Zheng, Y., Ganesh, V., Subramanian, S., Tripp, O., Berzish, M., Dolby, J., Zhang, X.: Z3str2: an efficient solver for strings, regular expressions, and length constraints. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 50(2–3), 249–288 (2017)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Matching Patterns with Variables
verfasst von
Florin Manea
Markus L. Schmid
Copyright-Jahr
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28796-2_1

Premium Partner