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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

20. Middle Income Groups in Russian Metropolitan Cities

verfasst von : P. M. Kozyreva, A. I. Smirnov

Erschienen in: The Middle Income Group in China and Russia

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The living conditions in a metropolitan city, as in any other large city, are differentiated by many contradictory features. On the one hand are problems that bring hardship to citizens' lives such as overpopulation, poor environment, social isolation, frantic pace of life, enormous information flow, depression and stress.

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Fußnoten
1
Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Assessment of the number of permanent residents as of January 1, 2017 and for 2016 on average. URL: https://​www.​gks.​ru/​wps/​wcm/​connect/​rosstat_​main/​rosstat/​ru/​statistics/​population/​demography/​ (accessed on: August 24, 2017).
 
2
Russia Longitudinal Monitoring survey, RLMS-HSE», conducted by National Research University “Higher School of Economics” and OOO “Demoscope” together with Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute of Sociology RAS. (RLMS-HSE websites: https://​www.​hse.​ru/​rlms, https://​www.​cpc.​unc.​edu/​projects/​rlms).
 
3
Modernization of Russia: Social and Humanitarian Changes/ed. by N. Ya. Petrakov.—Moscow, St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2011. P. 71.
 
4
Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). Consumer Opportunities of Russians: Monitoring. Press Edition No. 3407. URL: https://​wciom.​ru/​index.​php?​id=​236&​uid=​116289 (accessed on: August 20, 2017).
 
5
Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Average monthly nominal salary of employees according to a full range of organizations by subjects of the Russian Federation in 2013–2017. URL: https://​www.​gks.​ru/​wps/​wcm/​connect/​rosstat_​main/​rosstat/​ru/​statistics/​wages/​ (accessed on: August 10, 2017).
 
6
Russian and Chinese Population in the Era of Changes: Comparative Study in St. Petersburg and Shanghai at the Beginning of the 21th Century / Ed. by E.N. Danilova, V.A. Yadov, Pan Davei.—Moscow Logos, 2012. P. 286.
 
7
V.S. Magun, G.A. Monusova. Russian Labor Values within the Context of International Comparisons. Report at the 11th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development Problems.—Moscow. Higher School of Economics National Research University, 2010.
 
8
Russian Employee: Education, Profession, Qualification / Ed. by V.E. Gimpelson, R.I. Kapelyushnikov.—Moscow. Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2011. P. 71.
 
9
Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Average yearly number of employed in the public and private sectors of the economy in Moscow. URL: https://​moscow.​gks.​ru/​wps/​wcm/​connect/​rosstat_​ts/​moscow/​ru/​statistics/​employment/​ (accessed on: August 11, 2017).
 
10
Salary in Russia: Evolution and Differentiation / Ed. by V.E. Gimpelson, R.I. Kapelyushnikov. – Moscow. Higher School of Economics National Research University Publishing House, 2007. Pp. 410–427.
 
11
I. Semin. Labor Productivity – National Priority // Expert. 2017. Issue 34. Pp. 28–29.
 
12
Yu.P. Lezhnina. Salary in Russia: Evolution and Differentiation/Ed. by V.E. Gimpelson, R.I. Kapelyushnikov.—Moscow. Ves Mir, 2014. Pp. 115–116.
 
13
N.E. Tikhonova. Phenomenon of Urban Poverty in Modern Russia.—Moscow: Letny Sad, 2003. Pp. 83–84.
 
14
See Chap. 2.
 
15
Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Unemployment level of the population by subject of the Russian Federation, average by year. URL: https://​www.​gks.​ru/​wps/​wcm/​connect/​rosstat_​main/​rosstat/​ru/​statistics/​wages/​labour_​force/​# (accessed on: August 8, 2017).
 
16
A.A. Sobolevskaya. A.K. Popov. Post-Industrial Revolution in the Labor Sphere.—Moscow: Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), 2009, pp. 170–172.
 
17
The Hired Worker in Modern Russia / Edited by Z.T. Golenkova. – Moscow: Novy Khronograf, 2015, p. 112.
 
18
Russian Society and the Challenges of Today. Book Two/M.K. Gorshkov [et al.]; edited by Gorshkov, M. K.; Petukhov, V.V. – Moscow: Ves Mir Publishing Company, 2015, p. 89.
 
19
E. Bezhin, A. Ivanter, O. Inozemtseva, V. Kozlov, D. Tolmachov. Post-Crisis Puzzle // Expert. 2016. Issue 25, pp. 40–47.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Middle Income Groups in Russian Metropolitan Cities
verfasst von
P. M. Kozyreva
A. I. Smirnov
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1464-4_20

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