nach oben

Erschienen in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Millennial Travelers’ Perception of Terrorism Risks: Evidence from Poland and Slovakia

verfasst von : Rafał Nagaj

Erschienen in: Eurasian Business Perspectives

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The subject of the study paper is the risk perception and the decisions of Gen Y tourists regarding tourist destinations in the context of increased terrorist risk in the world. It is examined how Millennial travelers from Poland and Slovakia perceive the travel risk choosing tourist destinations in the context of terrorist risks. Both studied countries are recognized to belong to a region that has a low terrorism risk index. It is examined whether they are willing to forgo safety and security in exchange for economic advantage deciding to outbound travel. In addition it is checked whether sex, frequency of traveling, and travel expenses differentiate risk perception among Millennials. The research results showed that a large proportion of Millennials in this region of Europe are willing to accept tourist risks in the face of terrorism and agree to higher-value travel costs than safety. Gender and the level of travel expenses are factors that determine the perception of travel risk among Millennials, but the frequency of traveling does not.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Analysing Customers’ Opinions Towards Product Characteristics Using Social Media

Araña, J. E., & León, C. J. (2008). The impact of terrorism on tourism demand. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 299–315.CrossRef

Aschauer, W. (2010). Perceptions of tourists at risky destinations. A model of psychological influence factors. Tourism Review, 65(2), 4–20.CrossRef

Basarić, V., Vujičić, A., Mitrović Simić, J., Bogdanović, V., & Saulić, N. (2016). Gender and age differences in the travel behavior – A Novi Sad case study. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 4324–4333.CrossRef

Bassil, C. (2014). The effect of terrorism on tourism demand in the Middle East. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 20(4), 669–684.CrossRef

Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Pendergast, D. (Eds.). (2010). Tourism and Generation Y. Wallingford: CABI.

Bencsik, A., Horváth-Csikós, G., & Juhász, T. (2016). Y and Z Generations at workplaces. Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3), 90–106.CrossRef

Benzion, U., Shahrabani, S., & Shavit, T. (2009). Emotions and perceived risks after the 2006 Israel–Lebanon war. Mind & Society, 8(1), 21–41.CrossRef

Buffa, F. (2015). Young tourists and sustainability. Profiles, Attitudes, and Implications for Destination Strategies, Sustainability, 7, 14042–14062.

Chen, J., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79–85.CrossRef

Chew, E. Y. T., & Jahari, S. A. (2014). Destination image as a mediator between perceived risks and revisit intention: A case of post-disaster Japan. Tourism Management, 40, 382–393.CrossRef

Chhabra, D. (2012). What do student travelers really want? Revisiting the buyer’s black box. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 21(3), 344–355.CrossRef

Chien, L.-H., & Jeh, M.-H. (2009). Information, risk perception and disease insurance decision. The International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, 4(1), 185–201.CrossRef

Chingarande, A., & Saayman, A. (2018). Critical success factors for tourism-led growth. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(6), 800–818.CrossRef

Collins, F. (2013). Encountering Auckland and Seoul: Youth, travel and micro-politics of Korea-New Zealand relations. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 15(2), 110–135.

Crotts, J. C. (2003). Theoretical perspectives on tourist criminal victimization. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1), 92–98.

Demir, E., Gozgor, G., & Paramati, S. R. (2019). Do geopolitical risks matter for inbound tourism? Eurasian Business Review, 1–9.

Doran, R., Larsen, S., & Wolff, K. (2015). Different but similar: Social comparison of travel motives among tourists. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 555–563.CrossRef

Drakos, K., & Kutan, A. M. (2003). Regional effects of terrorism on tourism: Evidence from three Mediterranean countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 47(5), 621–641.CrossRef

Enders, W., Sandler, T., & Parise, G. F. (1992). An econometric analysis of the impact of terrorism on tourism. Kyklos, 45(4), 531–554.CrossRef

Estrada, M. A. R., Park, D., Kim, J. S., & Khan, A. (2015). The economic impact of terrorism: A new model and its application to Pakistan. Journal of Policy Modeling, 37, 1065–1080.CrossRef

Falk, J. H., Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Benckendorff, P. (2012). Travel and learning: A neglected tourism research area. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 908–927.CrossRef

Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management. Tourism Management, 22, 135–147.CrossRef

Feridun, M. (2011). Impact of terrorism on tourism in Turkey: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics, 43(24), 3349–3354.CrossRef

Fielding, D., & Shortland, A. (2009). Does television terrify tourists? Effects of US television news on demand for tourism in Israel. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 38(3), 245–263.CrossRef

Floyd, M. F., & Pennington-Gray, L. (2004). Profiling risk perceptions of tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 1051–1054.CrossRef

Fong, Y. L., Firoz, D., & Sulaiman, W. I. W. (2017). The impact of tourism advertisement promotional videos on young adults. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 12(3), 87–102.

Fuchs, G., & Reichel, A. (2011). An exploratory inquiry into destination risk perceptions and risk reduction strategies of first time vs. repeat visitors to a highly volatile destination. Tourism Management, 32(2), 266–276.CrossRef

Garg, A., & Kumar, J. (2017). The impact of risk perception and factors on tourists’ decision making for choosing the destination Uttarakhand/India. Journal of Tourism and Management Research, 2(2), 144–160.

George, R. (2010). Visitor perceptions of crime-safety and attitudes towards risk: The case of Table Mountain National Park, Cape Town. Tourism Management, 31(6), 806–815.CrossRef

Gibson, H., & Yiannakis, A. (2002). Tourist roles: Needs and the life course. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 358–383.CrossRef

Huan, T. C., & Beaman, J. (2004). Contexts and dynamics of social interaction and information search in decision-making for discretionary travel. Tourism Analysis, 8(2–4), 177–182.

Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Calafat, A., Juan, M., Schnitzer, S., & Anderson, Z. (2008). Predictors of violence in young tourists: A comparative study of British, German and Spanish holidaymakers. European Journal of Public Health, 18(6), 569–574.CrossRef

Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–292.CrossRef

Kandampully, J., & Suhartanto, D. (2000). Customer loyalty in the hotel industry: The role of customer satisfaction and image. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(6), 346–351.CrossRef

Koo, T. T. R., Caponecchia, C., & Williamson, A. (2018). How important is safety in making flight choices? Evidence from simple choice experiments. Transportation, 45, 159–175.CrossRef

Korstanje, M. K., & Tarlow, P. (2012). Being lost: Tourism, risk and vulnerability in the post-‘9/11’ entertainment industry. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 10(1), 22–33.CrossRef

Kozak, M., Crotts, J. C., & Law, R. (2007). The impact of the perception of risk on international Travellers. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 233–242.CrossRef

Lee, S. A., Manthiou, A., Chiang, L., & Tang, L. R. (2018). An assessment of value dimensions in hiking tourism: Pathways toward quality of life. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(2), 236–246.CrossRef

Lepp, A., & Gibson, H. (2003). Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 606–624.CrossRef

Li, Y. (2000). Geographical consciousness and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 863–883.CrossRef

Li, M., Zhang, H., Xiao, H., & Chen, Y. (2015). A grid-group analysis of tourism motivation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 35–44.CrossRef

Mansfeld, Y., & Pizam, A. (2006). Tourism, security and safety: From the theory to practice. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann.CrossRef

McCartney, G., Butler, R., & Bennett, M. (2009). Positive tourism image perceptions attract travellers – Fact or fiction? The case of Beijing visitors to Macao. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(2), 179–193.CrossRef

McIntyre, C. (2007). Survival theory: Tourist consumption as a beneficial experiential process in a limited risk setting. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 115–130.CrossRef

McKercher, B., Pang, S. F. H., & Prideaux, B. (2011). Do gender and nationality affect attitudes towards tourism and the environment? International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(3), 266–300.CrossRef

Morakabati, Y., & Kapuściński, G. (2016). Personality, risk perception, benefit sought and terrorism effect. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18, 506–514.CrossRef

Nagaj, R., & Žuromskaitė, B. (2018). Millennium travelers tourism choices in an era of global threats of terrorist attacks – A case study of Poland and Lithuania. In NORDSCI Proceedings of the NordSci Conference on Social Sciences (pp. 287–297). Helsinki: Saima Consult.

Nagaj, R., & Žuromskaitė, B. (2020). Security measures as a factor in the competitiveness of accommodation facilities. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(5), 99.CrossRef

Neumayer, E. (2004). The impact of political violence on tourism—Dynamic cross-national estimation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(2), 259–281.CrossRef

Pavesi, A., Gartner, W. C., & Denizci-Guillet, B. (2016). The effects of a negative travel experience on tourists’ decisional behavior. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5), 423–433.CrossRef

Pendergast, D. (2010). Getting to know the Y Generation. In P. Benckendorff, G. Moscardo, & D. Pendergast (Eds.), Tourism and Generation Y (pp. 1–15). Wallingford: CABI.

Pizam, A., & Fleischer, A. (2002). Severity versus frequency of acts of terrorism: Which has a larger impact on tourism demand? Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 337–339.CrossRef

Pizam, A., Jeong, G., Reichel, A., Van Boemmel, H., Lusson, J., Steynberg, L., State-Costache, O., Volo, S., Kroesbacher, C., Hucerova, J., & Montmany, N. (2004). The relationship between risk taking, sensation seeking and the tourist behavior of young adults: A cross cultural study. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 251–260.CrossRef

Red24. (2017). red24’s Global Terrorism Risk Map 2017 [Online]. Accessed July 19, 2017, from https://opinion.red24.com/2017/01/10/red24s-global-terrorism-risk-map-2017/

Roser, M., Nagdy, M., & Ritchie, H. (2018). Terrorism. Our world in data [Online]. Accessed May 30, 2019, from https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism

Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. P. (2001). Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(4), 296–320.CrossRef

Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2013). The psychological and psychiatric effects of terrorism: Lessons from London. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36(3), 339–350.CrossRef

Saha, S., & Yap, G. (2014). The moderation effects of political instability and terrorism on tourism development: A cross-country panel analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 53(4), 509–521.CrossRef

Samitas, A., Asteriou, D., Polyzos, S., & Kenourgios, D. (2018). Terrorist incidents and tourism demand: Evidence from Greece. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 23–28.CrossRef

Schmid, K., & Muldoon, O. T. (2015). Perceived threat, social identification, and psychological well-being: The effects of political conflict exposure. Political Psychology, 36(1), 75–92.CrossRef

Seabra, C., Abrantes, J. L., & Kastenholz, E. (2014). The influence of terrorism risk perception on purchase involvement and safety concern of international travellers. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(9–10), 874–903.CrossRef

Seddighi, M. W., Nuttall, A. L., & Theocharous, H. R. (2001). Does cultural background of tourists influence the destination choice? An empirical study with special reference to political instability. Tourism Management, 22(2), 181–191.CrossRef

Sellick, M. (2004). Discovery, connection, nostalgia: Key travel motives within the senior market. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(1), 55–71.CrossRef

Simpson, P. M., & Siguaw, J. A. (2008). Perceived travel risks: The traveller perspective and manageability. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(4), 315–327.CrossRef

Sofronov, B. (2018). Millennials: A new trend for the tourism industry. Annals of Spiru Haret University Economic Series, 18(3), 109–122.CrossRef

Sönmez, S., & Graefe, A. (1998). Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 112–144.CrossRef

Staats, S., Panek, P., & Cosmar, D. (2006). Predicting travel attitudes among university faculty after 9/11. Journal of Psychology, 140(2), 121–132.CrossRef

Tarlow, P. (2014). Tourism security: Strategies for effectively managing travel risk and safety (1st ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Teitler-Regev, S., Desivilya-Syna, H., & Shahrabani, S. (2015). Decision – Making patterns of young tourists regarding risky destinations. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(1) [Online]. Accessed May 4, 2019, from http://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_4_vol_41_jan-_june_2015.pdf

Tasci, A. D. A., & Boylu, Y. (2010). Cultural comparison of tourists’ safety perception in relation to trip satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(2), 179–192.

Ting, C. S., Chiu, L. K., & Kayat, K. (2015). Travel lifestyles and outbound tourism intentions of young Malaysians. American Journal of Tourism Management, 4(2), 40–42.

Tomić, N., Kovačević, B., Berber, N., & Milić, N. (2014). Factors influencing the motivation of young people when choosing a City destination in Europe – A case study from Esbjerg (Denmark). European Researcher, 69(2–2), 414–428.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297–323.CrossRef

UNWTO. (2008). Youth travel matters: Understanding the global phenomenon of youth travel. Madrid: UNWTO.

Xiang, Z., & Gretzel, U. (2009). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2), 179–188.CrossRef

Žuromskaitė, B., Nagaj, R., & Dačiulytė, R. (2018). Source of information on the perceived risk and safety in the tourism industry: A comparative analysis of polish and Lithuanian young tourists. In N. Grünwald & M. Zakrzewska (Eds.), Series of the Robert-Schmidt-Institute: Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference on “Modern Economics” (pp. 137–143). Wismar: University of Wismar.

Titel: Millennial Travelers’ Perception of Terrorism Risks: Evidence from Poland and Slovakia
verfasst von: Rafał Nagaj
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Eurasian Business Perspectives
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48504-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-48505-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48505-4_10

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner