Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Model Minorities and Forever Foreigners: Chinese Americans’ Attitudes Toward the Police

verfasst von : Ivan Y. Sun, Yuning Wu

Erschienen in: Race, Immigration, and Social Control

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In the twenty-first century, Asian Americans have the fastest growth rate of any major racial or ethnic group in the country, and among Asian groups, Chinese Americans are the largest group. This chapter describes the long, at times very thorny and strenuous path of immigration and acculturation among Chinese Americans in the U.S., and discusses how the stereotypes of forever foreigners and model minorities that Chinese Americans are commonly subject to may complicate their positions in the racial relations in American society, and their relations with the American police. The chapter also overviews the experience of crime and contact with the police among Chinese Americans, and the existing evidence regarding Chinese American evaluations of the police. Evidence suggests that Chinese Americans are more positive about some specific aspects of police performance, such as police officer effectiveness, integrity, and demeanor, than others, such as equal treatment of all persons. Chinese Americans’ assessments of the police are closely connected to experiential and contextual variables, such as police contact, media effects, and neighborhood conditions, and in certain ways, affected by immigrant-specific variables, such as length of residence, perceptions of home country police, and evaluations of immigration officials.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aguirre, A., Jr., & Lio, S. (2008). Spaces of mobilization: The Asian American/Pacific Islander struggle for social justice. Social Justice, 35, 1–17. Aguirre, A., Jr., & Lio, S. (2008). Spaces of mobilization: The Asian American/Pacific Islander struggle for social justice. Social Justice, 35, 1–17.
Zurück zum Zitat Alcoff, L. (2003). Latino/as, Asian Americans, and the Black–White binary. The Journal of Ethics, 7, 5–27.CrossRef Alcoff, L. (2003). Latino/as, Asian Americans, and the Black–White binary. The Journal of Ethics, 7, 5–27.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Blumer, H. (1958). Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3–7.CrossRef Blumer, H. (1958). Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3–7.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bobo, L., & Johnson, D. (2000). Racial attitudes in a prismatic metropolis: Mapping identity, stereotypes, competition, and views on affirmative action. In L. Bobo, M. Oliver, J. Johnson, & A. Valenzuela (Eds.), Prismatic metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles (pp. 81–162). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Bobo, L., & Johnson, D. (2000). Racial attitudes in a prismatic metropolis: Mapping identity, stereotypes, competition, and views on affirmative action. In L. Bobo, M. Oliver, J. Johnson, & A. Valenzuela (Eds.), Prismatic metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles (pp. 81–162). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Zurück zum Zitat Bobo, L., Zubrinsky, C. L., Johnson, J. H., Jr., & Oliver, M. L. (1994). Public opinion before and after a spring of discontent. In M. Baldassare (Ed.), The Los Angeles riots: Lessons for the urban future (pp. 103–133). Boulder, CO: Westview. Bobo, L., Zubrinsky, C. L., Johnson, J. H., Jr., & Oliver, M. L. (1994). Public opinion before and after a spring of discontent. In M. Baldassare (Ed.), The Los Angeles riots: Lessons for the urban future (pp. 103–133). Boulder, CO: Westview.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan, S. (1986). This bittersweet soil: Chinese in California agriculture, 1860–1910. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Chan, S. (1986). This bittersweet soil: Chinese in California agriculture, 1860–1910. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan, S. (1991). Asian Americans: An interpretive history. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers. Chan, S. (1991). Asian Americans: An interpretive history. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang, J., Rhee, S., & Weaver, D. (2006). Characteristics of child abuse in immigrant Korean families and correlates of placement decisions. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 881–891.CrossRef Chang, J., Rhee, S., & Weaver, D. (2006). Characteristics of child abuse in immigrant Korean families and correlates of placement decisions. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 881–891.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chaudry, A., Capps, R., Pedroza, J., Castaneda, R., Santos, R., & Scott, M. (2010). Facing our future, children in the aftermath of immigration enforcement. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.CrossRef Chaudry, A., Capps, R., Pedroza, J., Castaneda, R., Santos, R., & Scott, M. (2010). Facing our future, children in the aftermath of immigration enforcement. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chin, K. (1990). Chinese subculture and criminality. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Chin, K. (1990). Chinese subculture and criminality. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Zurück zum Zitat Chin, K. (1996). Chinatown gangs: Extortion, enterprise, and ethnicity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Chin, K. (1996). Chinatown gangs: Extortion, enterprise, and ethnicity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chin, K. (1999). Smuggled Chinese: Clandestine immigration to the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Chin, K. (1999). Smuggled Chinese: Clandestine immigration to the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu, D., & Hung, L. (2010). Chinese immigrants’ attitudes toward the police in San Francisco. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 33, 621–643.CrossRef Chu, D., & Hung, L. (2010). Chinese immigrants’ attitudes toward the police in San Francisco. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 33, 621–643.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chu, D., & Song, J. (2008). Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in Toronto, Canada. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 31, 610–630.CrossRef Chu, D., & Song, J. (2008). Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in Toronto, Canada. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 31, 610–630.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chu, D., & Song, J. (2015). A comparison of Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in New York City and Toronto. Crime & Delinquency, 61, 402–427.CrossRef Chu, D., & Song, J. (2015). A comparison of Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in New York City and Toronto. Crime & Delinquency, 61, 402–427.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chu, D., Song, J., & Dombrink, J. (2005). Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in New York City. International Criminal Justice Review, 15, 101–114.CrossRef Chu, D., Song, J., & Dombrink, J. (2005). Chinese immigrants’ perceptions of the police in New York City. International Criminal Justice Review, 15, 101–114.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chu, L., & Sorenson, S. (1996). Trends in California homicide: 1970–1993. Western Journal of Medicine, 165, 119–125. Chu, L., & Sorenson, S. (1996). Trends in California homicide: 1970–1993. Western Journal of Medicine, 165, 119–125.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman, C., & Moynihan, J. (1996). Understanding crime data: Haunted by the dark figure. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press. Coleman, C., & Moynihan, J. (1996). Understanding crime data: Haunted by the dark figure. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Cose, E. (1993). The rage of a privileged class. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. Cose, E. (1993). The rage of a privileged class. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.
Zurück zum Zitat Council on Crime and Justice. (2001). Minneapolis police traffic stops and driver’s race analysis and recommendations. Minneapolis, MN: Author. Council on Crime and Justice. (2001). Minneapolis police traffic stops and driver’s race analysis and recommendations. Minneapolis, MN: Author.
Zurück zum Zitat Dai, M., & Johnson, R. (2009). Is neighborhood context a confounder? Exploring the effects of citizen race and neighborhood context on satisfaction with the police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 32, 595–612.CrossRef Dai, M., & Johnson, R. (2009). Is neighborhood context a confounder? Exploring the effects of citizen race and neighborhood context on satisfaction with the police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 32, 595–612.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Davis, R. C., & Erez, E. (1996). Immigrant population as victims: Toward a multicultural criminal justice system. New York, NY: Victim Service Agency. Davis, R. C., & Erez, E. (1996). Immigrant population as victims: Toward a multicultural criminal justice system. New York, NY: Victim Service Agency.
Zurück zum Zitat Dugan, L., & Apel, R. (2003). An exploratory study of the violent victimization of women: Race/ethnicity and situational context. Criminology, 41, 959–980.CrossRef Dugan, L., & Apel, R. (2003). An exploratory study of the violent victimization of women: Race/ethnicity and situational context. Criminology, 41, 959–980.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eith, C., & Durose, M. (2011). Contacts between police and the public, 2008. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Eith, C., & Durose, M. (2011). Contacts between police and the public, 2008. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Zurück zum Zitat Feagin, J., & Sikes, M. (1994). Living with racism: The black middle class experience. Boston, MA: Beacon. Feagin, J., & Sikes, M. (1994). Living with racism: The black middle class experience. Boston, MA: Beacon.
Zurück zum Zitat Fletcher, M. (1999, August 27). Asian American vigil decries hate crimes: Violence often unnoted, activists say. The Washington Post, p. A18. Fletcher, M. (1999, August 27). Asian American vigil decries hate crimes: Violence often unnoted, activists say. The Washington Post, p. A18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilligan, P., & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in Asian communities: Listening to what women say. British Journal of Social Work, 36, 1361–1377.CrossRef Gilligan, P., & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in Asian communities: Listening to what women say. British Journal of Social Work, 36, 1361–1377.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grieco, E. (2010). Race and Hispanic origin of the foreign-born population in the United States: 2007. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Grieco, E. (2010). Race and Hispanic origin of the foreign-born population in the United States: 2007. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Zurück zum Zitat Gyory, A. (1998). Closing the gate: Race, politics, and the Chinese Exclusion Act. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Gyory, A. (1998). Closing the gate: Race, politics, and the Chinese Exclusion Act. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Hagan, J., & Albonetti, C. (1982). Race, class and the perception of criminal injustice in America. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 329–355.CrossRef Hagan, J., & Albonetti, C. (1982). Race, class and the perception of criminal injustice in America. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 329–355.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Henderson, M., Cullen, F., Cao, L., Browning, S., & Kopache, R. (1997). The impact of race on perceptions of criminal injustice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25, 447–462.CrossRef Henderson, M., Cullen, F., Cao, L., Browning, S., & Kopache, R. (1997). The impact of race on perceptions of criminal injustice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25, 447–462.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Herbst, L., & Walker, S. (2001). Language barriers in the delivery of police services: A study of police and Hispanic interactions in a Midwestern city. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 329–340.CrossRef Herbst, L., & Walker, S. (2001). Language barriers in the delivery of police services: A study of police and Hispanic interactions in a Midwestern city. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 329–340.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu, M. (2000). Dreaming of gold, dreaming of home: Transnationalism and migration between the United States and South China, 1882–1943. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Hsu, M. (2000). Dreaming of gold, dreaming of home: Transnationalism and migration between the United States and South China, 1882–1943. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Jackson, M. (2006). Policing in a diverse society: Another American dilemma. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. Jackson, M. (2006). Policing in a diverse society: Another American dilemma. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, C. (1999). The racial triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics and Society, 27, 105–138.CrossRef Kim, C. (1999). The racial triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics and Society, 27, 105–138.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, E. (1998). “At least you’re not black”: Asian Americans in U.S. race relations. Social Justice, 25, 3–12. Kim, E. (1998). “At least you’re not black”: Asian Americans in U.S. race relations. Social Justice, 25, 3–12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, J., & Lee, T. (2001). Interracial politics: Asian Americans and other communities of color. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 631–637. Kim, J., & Lee, T. (2001). Interracial politics: Asian Americans and other communities of color. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 631–637.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitano, H., & Daniels, R. (2001). Asian Americans: Emerging minorities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Kitano, H., & Daniels, R. (2001). Asian Americans: Emerging minorities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Kusow, A., Wilson, L., & Martin, D. (1997). Determinants of citizen satisfaction with the police: The effects of residential location. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategy and Management, 20, 655–664.CrossRef Kusow, A., Wilson, L., & Martin, D. (1997). Determinants of citizen satisfaction with the police: The effects of residential location. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategy and Management, 20, 655–664.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, E. (2003). At America’s gates: Chinese immigration during the exclusion era, 1882–1943. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Lee, E. (2003). At America’s gates: Chinese immigration during the exclusion era, 1882–1943. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, R. (1999). Oriental: Asian Americans in popular culture. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Lee, R. (1999). Oriental: Asian Americans in popular culture. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, T. (2000). Racial attitudes and the color line(s) at the close of the twentieth century. In P. Ong (Ed.), The state of Asian Pacific America, volume IV: Transforming race relations (pp. 103–158). Los Angeles, CA: LEAP Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute and UCLA. Lee, T. (2000). Racial attitudes and the color line(s) at the close of the twentieth century. In P. Ong (Ed.), The state of Asian Pacific America, volume IV: Transforming race relations (pp. 103–158). Los Angeles, CA: LEAP Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute and UCLA.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, Y., Vue, S., Seklecki, R., & Ma, Y. (2007). How did Asian Americans respond to negative stereotypes and hate crimes? Americans Behavioral Scientist, 51, 271–293.CrossRef Lee, Y., Vue, S., Seklecki, R., & Ma, Y. (2007). How did Asian Americans respond to negative stereotypes and hate crimes? Americans Behavioral Scientist, 51, 271–293.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lien, P., Conway, M., Lee, T., & Wong, J. (2001). The pilot Asian American political survey: Summary report. In J. Lai & D. Nakanishi (Eds.), The national Asian Pacific American political almanac, 2001–2002 (pp. 80–95). Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Asian American Studies Center. Lien, P., Conway, M., Lee, T., & Wong, J. (2001). The pilot Asian American political survey: Summary report. In J. Lai & D. Nakanishi (Eds.), The national Asian Pacific American political almanac, 2001–2002 (pp. 80–95). Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Asian American Studies Center.
Zurück zum Zitat Logan, J., Zhang, W., & Alba, R. (2002). Immigrant enclaves and ethnic communities in New York and Los Angeles. American Sociological Review, 67, 299–322.CrossRef Logan, J., Zhang, W., & Alba, R. (2002). Immigrant enclaves and ethnic communities in New York and Los Angeles. American Sociological Review, 67, 299–322.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lowe, L. (1996). On Asian American cultural politics. Durham: Duke University Press. Lowe, L. (1996). On Asian American cultural politics. Durham: Duke University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Maker, A., Shah, P., & Agha, Z. (2005). Child physical abuse: Prevalence, characteristics, predictors, and beliefs about parent-child violence in South Asia, middle eastern, East Asian, and Latina women in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1406–1428.CrossRef Maker, A., Shah, P., & Agha, Z. (2005). Child physical abuse: Prevalence, characteristics, predictors, and beliefs about parent-child violence in South Asia, middle eastern, East Asian, and Latina women in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1406–1428.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Min, P. (2006). Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. Min, P. (2006). Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Moon, A., Tomita, S., & Jung, K. (2001). Elder mistreatment among four Asian American groups: An exploratory study on tolerance, victim blaming and attitudes toward third-party intervention. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 36, 153–169.CrossRef Moon, A., Tomita, S., & Jung, K. (2001). Elder mistreatment among four Asian American groups: An exploratory study on tolerance, victim blaming and attitudes toward third-party intervention. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 36, 153–169.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Moon, B., & Corley, C. (2007). Driving across campus: Assessing the impact of drivers’ race, and gender on police traffic enforcement actions. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 29–37.CrossRef Moon, B., & Corley, C. (2007). Driving across campus: Assessing the impact of drivers’ race, and gender on police traffic enforcement actions. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 29–37.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Morishima, J. (1981). Special employment issues for Asian Americans. Public Personnel Management, 10, 384–392.CrossRef Morishima, J. (1981). Special employment issues for Asian Americans. Public Personnel Management, 10, 384–392.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Noble, K. (1995, December 13). Attacks against Asian Americans are rising. The New York Times, pp. A16, B13. Noble, K. (1995, December 13). Attacks against Asian Americans are rising. The New York Times, pp. A16, B13.
Zurück zum Zitat Peerenboom, R. (2002). China’s long march toward the rule of law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Peerenboom, R. (2002). China’s long march toward the rule of law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Perea, J. (1997). The Black/White binary paradigm of race: The normal science of American racial thought. California Law Review, 85, 127–172.CrossRef Perea, J. (1997). The Black/White binary paradigm of race: The normal science of American racial thought. California Law Review, 85, 127–172.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pfaelzer, J. (2007). Driven out: The Forgotten War against Chinese Americans. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Pfaelzer, J. (2007). Driven out: The Forgotten War against Chinese Americans. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Pogrebin, M., & Poole, E. (1990). Cultural conflict and crime in the Korean American community. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 4, 69–78.CrossRef Pogrebin, M., & Poole, E. (1990). Cultural conflict and crime in the Korean American community. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 4, 69–78.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Postner, G. (1988). Warlords of crime. New York, NY: Penguin Books. Postner, G. (1988). Warlords of crime. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Reisig, M., & Parks, R. (2000). Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 17, 607–630.CrossRef Reisig, M., & Parks, R. (2000). Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 17, 607–630.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reitzel, J., Rice, S., & Piquero, A. (2004). Lines and shadows: Perceptions of racial profiling and the Hispanic experience. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, 607–616.CrossRef Reitzel, J., Rice, S., & Piquero, A. (2004). Lines and shadows: Perceptions of racial profiling and the Hispanic experience. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, 607–616.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rice, S., & Piquero, A. (2005). Perceptions of discrimination and justice in New York City. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 28, 98–117.CrossRef Rice, S., & Piquero, A. (2005). Perceptions of discrimination and justice in New York City. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 28, 98–117.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson, R., & Jeglum-Bartusch, D. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law and Society Review, 32, 777–804.CrossRef Sampson, R., & Jeglum-Bartusch, D. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law and Society Review, 32, 777–804.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Saxton, A. (1971). The indispensable enemy: Labor and the anti-Chinese movement in California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Saxton, A. (1971). The indispensable enemy: Labor and the anti-Chinese movement in California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Sayler, L. (1995). Laws harsh as tigers. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Sayler, L. (1995). Laws harsh as tigers. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Schroedel, J., Frisch, S., August, R., Kalogris, C., & Perkins, A. (1994). The invisible minority: Asian-American police officers. State & Local Government Review, 26, 173–180. Schroedel, J., Frisch, S., August, R., Kalogris, C., & Perkins, A. (1994). The invisible minority: Asian-American police officers. State & Local Government Review, 26, 173–180.
Zurück zum Zitat Skogan, W. (2009). Policing immigrant communities in the United States. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, 13, 189–203.CrossRef Skogan, W. (2009). Policing immigrant communities in the United States. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, 13, 189–203.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Song, J. (1992). Attitudes of Chinese immigrants and Vietnamese refugees toward law enforcement in the United States. Justice Quarterly, 9, 703–719.CrossRef Song, J. (1992). Attitudes of Chinese immigrants and Vietnamese refugees toward law enforcement in the United States. Justice Quarterly, 9, 703–719.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Song, J., & Hurysz, L. (1995). Victimization patterns of Asian gangs in the United States. Journal of Gang Research, 3, 41–49. Song, J., & Hurysz, L. (1995). Victimization patterns of Asian gangs in the United States. Journal of Gang Research, 3, 41–49.
Zurück zum Zitat Stewart, J. (2001, January 25). Lest hate victim be forgotten: Joseph Ileto’s family felt his death at the racist’s hand was being ignored. Los Angeles Times, p. A1. Stewart, J. (2001, January 25). Lest hate victim be forgotten: Joseph Ileto’s family felt his death at the racist’s hand was being ignored. Los Angeles Times, p. A1.
Zurück zum Zitat Sun, I., & Wu, Y. (2010). Chinese policing in a time of transition, 1978–2008. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26, 20–35.CrossRef Sun, I., & Wu, Y. (2010). Chinese policing in a time of transition, 1978–2008. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26, 20–35.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sun, L. (1997, September 9). Anti-Asian American incidents rising, civil rights groups say. The Washington Post, p. A2. Sun, L. (1997, September 9). Anti-Asian American incidents rising, civil rights groups say. The Washington Post, p. A2.
Zurück zum Zitat Takaki, R. (1998). Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans. New York, NY: Back Bay Books/Little, Brown, and Company. Takaki, R. (1998). Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans. New York, NY: Back Bay Books/Little, Brown, and Company.
Zurück zum Zitat Thurman, Q., & Reisig, M. (1996). Community-oriented research in an era of community-oriented policing. American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 570–586.CrossRef Thurman, Q., & Reisig, M. (1996). Community-oriented research in an era of community-oriented policing. American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 570–586.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tichenor, D. (2002). Dividing lines: The politics of immigration control in America. Princeton Studies in American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Tichenor, D. (2002). Dividing lines: The politics of immigration control in America. Princeton Studies in American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Toro-Morn, M., & Alicea, M. (Eds.). (2004). Migration and immigration: A global view. West Pork, CT: Greenwood Press. Toro-Morn, M., & Alicea, M. (Eds.). (2004). Migration and immigration: A global view. West Pork, CT: Greenwood Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Torres, S., & Vogel, R. (2001). Pre and post-test differences between Vietnamese and Latino residents involved in a community policing experiment: Reducing fear of crime and improving attitudes toward the police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 24, 40–55.CrossRef Torres, S., & Vogel, R. (2001). Pre and post-test differences between Vietnamese and Latino residents involved in a community policing experiment: Reducing fear of crime and improving attitudes toward the police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 24, 40–55.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tuan, M. (2003). Forever foreigners or honorary Whites? The Asian ethnic experience today. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Tuan, M. (2003). Forever foreigners or honorary Whites? The Asian ethnic experience today. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Turner, K., Feinerman, J., & Guy, K. (Eds.). (2000). The limits of the rule of law in China. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. Turner, K., Feinerman, J., & Guy, K. (Eds.). (2000). The limits of the rule of law in China. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Tyler, T. (1990). Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Tyler, T. (1990). Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Uhlaner, C. (1991). Perceived discrimination and prejudice and the coalition prospects of Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans. In B. Jackson & M. Preston (Eds.), Racial and ethnic politics in California (pp. 339–396). Berkeley, CA: Institute for Governmental Studies. Uhlaner, C. (1991). Perceived discrimination and prejudice and the coalition prospects of Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans. In B. Jackson & M. Preston (Eds.), Racial and ethnic politics in California (pp. 339–396). Berkeley, CA: Institute for Governmental Studies.
Zurück zum Zitat Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2005). Determinants of public satisfaction with the police. Police Quarterly, 8, 279–297.CrossRef Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2005). Determinants of public satisfaction with the police. Police Quarterly, 8, 279–297.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2006). Race and policing in America: Conflict and reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2006). Race and policing in America: Conflict and reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wong, M. (2005). Chinese Americans. In P. Min (Ed.), Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues (pp. 110–145). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Wong, M. (2005). Chinese Americans. In P. Min (Ed.), Asian Americans: Contemporary trends and issues (pp. 110–145). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Wortley, S. (1996). Justice for all? Race and perceptions of bias in the Ontario criminal justice system: A Toronto study. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 38, 439–467. Wortley, S. (1996). Justice for all? Race and perceptions of bias in the Ontario criminal justice system: A Toronto study. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 38, 439–467.
Zurück zum Zitat Wortley, S., & Owusu-Bempah, A. (2009). Unequal before the law: Immigrant and racial minority perception of the Canadian criminal justice system. International Migration and Integration, 10, 447–473.CrossRef Wortley, S., & Owusu-Bempah, A. (2009). Unequal before the law: Immigrant and racial minority perception of the Canadian criminal justice system. International Migration and Integration, 10, 447–473.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Y. (2009). Race/ethnicity and Chinese immigrants’/Americans’ perceptions of the police. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware. Wu, Y. (2009). Race/ethnicity and Chinese immigrants’/Americans’ perceptions of the police. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Y. (2014). Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: A comparison of White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic Americans. Policing & Society, 24, 135–157.CrossRef Wu, Y. (2014). Race/ethnicity and perceptions of the police: A comparison of White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic Americans. Policing & Society, 24, 135–157.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Y., Smith, B., & Sun, I. (2013). Race/ethnicity and perceptions of police bias: The case of Chinese immigrants. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 11, 71–92.CrossRef Wu, Y., Smith, B., & Sun, I. (2013). Race/ethnicity and perceptions of police bias: The case of Chinese immigrants. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 11, 71–92.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Y., Sun, I., & Smith, B. (2011). Race, immigration and policing: Chinese immigrants’ satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 28, 745–774.CrossRef Wu, Y., Sun, I., & Smith, B. (2011). Race, immigration and policing: Chinese immigrants’ satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 28, 745–774.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Y., Sun, I., & Triplett, R. (2009). Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 26, 125–156.CrossRef Wu, Y., Sun, I., & Triplett, R. (2009). Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 26, 125–156.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wu, Y., Triplett, R., & Sun, I. (2012). Chinese immigrants’ contact with police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 35, 741–760.CrossRef Wu, Y., Triplett, R., & Sun, I. (2012). Chinese immigrants’ contact with police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 35, 741–760.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yen, R. (2000). Racial stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and its effect on criminal justice: A reflection on the Wayne Lo case. Asian Law Journal, 7, 1–28. Yen, R. (2000). Racial stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and its effect on criminal justice: A reflection on the Wayne Lo case. Asian Law Journal, 7, 1–28.
Metadaten
Titel
Model Minorities and Forever Foreigners: Chinese Americans’ Attitudes Toward the Police
verfasst von
Ivan Y. Sun
Yuning Wu
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95807-8_5

Neuer Inhalt