Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2017 | Supplement | Buchkapitel

1. Modeling, Change, and Simulation

verfasst von : Alan Garfinkel, Jane Shevtsov, Yina Guo

Erschienen in: Modeling Life

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In the 1920s, ecologists began to study the populations of two Arctic species, lynx (a predator) and snowshoe hares (their prey) (Figure 1.1).

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
It’s common to refer to input variables as independent variables and output variables as dependent variables .
 
2
In high school, you probably encountered the term “range” rather than “codomain.” However, “codomain” is the accepted term in more advanced work. Technically, the range consists of the outputs a function actually gives, so finding the range of something like \(f(X) = 2\sin X-5\) takes a little calculation. The codomain, on the other hand, is just a set that includes all the values the function could return, so the codomain of f in this example can be said to be all real numbers.
 
3
The idea of such an abstract space was developed by the mathematician Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866), who spoke of “multiply extended magnitudes” and said that “physical space is only a particular case of a triply extended magnitude” (Riemann 1873).
 
4
Technically, only state spaces in which all variables can be both positive and negative are vector spaces, but this does not affect anything we do in this book.
 
5
This is just a convention in this textbook. Out “in the real world” (i.e., in most scientific fields), it is common for certain parameters to be capitalized, and sometimes lowercase letters will represent state variables. So remember that a more reliable way to distinguish state variables from parameters is this: if there is a change equation for something, that thing is a state variable. Otherwise, it’s a parameter.
 
6
These assumptions amount to saying that we can average varying birth rates over the whole population to produce a single number.
 
7
See Strogatz’s “Love affairs and differential equations,” Mathematics Magazine (Strogatz 1988) or his book (Strogatz 2014) for some great examples. Generalizations to more complex psychologies and more than two people can be found in Sprott (2004) and Gragnani et al. (1997).
 
8
This is called the Picard–Lindelöf theorem, or the fundamental theorem on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to ordinary differential equations.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Modeling, Change, and Simulation
verfasst von
Alan Garfinkel
Jane Shevtsov
Yina Guo
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59731-7_1