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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Modellierung der Zweiphasenströmung

verfasst von : Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Joos, Dr.-Ing. Niklas Neupert

Erschienen in: Handbuch Dampfturbinen

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

Niederdruckturbinen, wie auch die Hochdruckturbinen von Kernkraftwerken mit Siedewasserreaktor, entspannen in der Regel bis in das Nassdampfgebiet. Die hierbei entstehende Dampfnässe führt einerseits zu Wirkungsgradverlusten und andererseits zu Erosionsproblemen. Nahezu die Hälfte der Verluste einer Niederdruckturbine entsteht aufgrund der Kondensation. Die Ausscheidung von Wasser aus der gasförmigen Phase erfolgt in der Regel entweder an kühleren Oberflächen oder im Fluid durch Tropfenbildung. Prinzipiell stehen in geführten Strömungen die Schaufeloberflächen oder Gehäusewände zur Kondensation zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der geringen Temperaturdifferenzen unter stationären Betriebsbedingungen ist der Wärmeübergang allerdings gering, so dass von einer zur Berandung adiabaten Strömung ausgegangen werden kann. Somit ist die Kondensation an den strömungsführenden, festen Oberflächen von keiner oder nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Stets dominiert die Kondensation im Fluid in Form von Tropfen.
Eine optimierte Auslegung der Niederdruckturbine kann nur unter Berücksichtigung der aus unterkühlten Bedingungen kondensierten Tröpfchen und deren Interaktion mit der Beschaufelung erfolgen.

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LEF1989.
Zurück zum Zitat Lefebvre, A.H.: Atomisation and Sprays. Combustion, 1. Aufl. Taylor & Francis, ■ (1989) Lefebvre, A.H.: Atomisation and Sprays. Combustion, 1. Aufl. Taylor & Francis, ■ (1989)
LES1981.
Zurück zum Zitat Lesser, M.B.: Analytic Solution of Liquid-Drop Impact Problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 377(1770), 289–308 (1981)MathSciNetCrossRef Lesser, M.B.: Analytic Solution of Liquid-Drop Impact Problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 377(1770), 289–308 (1981)MathSciNetCrossRef
LES1983.
Zurück zum Zitat Lesser, M.B., Field, J.E.: The impact of compressible liquids. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech 15, 97–122 (1983)CrossRef Lesser, M.B., Field, J.E.: The impact of compressible liquids. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech 15, 97–122 (1983)CrossRef
LIU2002.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, M., Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y.: Investigations into water mitigation using a meshless particle method. Shock Waves 12, 181–195 (2002)CrossRef Liu, M., Liu, G.R., Lam, K.Y.: Investigations into water mitigation using a meshless particle method. Shock Waves 12, 181–195 (2002)CrossRef
MAQ2009.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma, Q.-F., Hu, D.-P., Jiang, J.-Z., Qiu, Z.-H.: A turbulent Eulerian multifluid model for homogeneous nucleation of water vapour in transonic flow. Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 23(3), 221–231 (2009)MATHCrossRef Ma, Q.-F., Hu, D.-P., Jiang, J.-Z., Qiu, Z.-H.: A turbulent Eulerian multifluid model for homogeneous nucleation of water vapour in transonic flow. Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 23(3), 221–231 (2009)MATHCrossRef
MAN2010.
Zurück zum Zitat Mani, M., Mandre, S., Brennen, M.: Events Before Droplet Splashing on a Solid Surface. J. Fluid. Mech. 647, 163–185 (2010)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Mani, M., Mandre, S., Brennen, M.: Events Before Droplet Splashing on a Solid Surface. J. Fluid. Mech. 647, 163–185 (2010)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
MAR2009.
Zurück zum Zitat Marmottant, P., Villermaux, E.: On spray formation. J. Fluid Mech. 498, 73–111 (2004)MATHCrossRef Marmottant, P., Villermaux, E.: On spray formation. J. Fluid Mech. 498, 73–111 (2004)MATHCrossRef
MEI2006.
Zurück zum Zitat Mei, Y., Guha, A.: Modification of the upwind schemes for the computation of condensing twophase flows. Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs. Part A: J. Power Energy 220(7), 809–814 (2006)CrossRef Mei, Y., Guha, A.: Modification of the upwind schemes for the computation of condensing twophase flows. Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs. Part A: J. Power Energy 220(7), 809–814 (2006)CrossRef
MEY1994.
MIY2012.
Zurück zum Zitat Miyake, S.; Sasao, Y.; Yamamoto, S.; Tabate, S.; Miyawaki, T.; Ooyama, H.: Simulation of unsteady 3-D wet-stream Flows through Three-Stage Stator-Rotor Blade Rows with Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Condensations. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68828, June 11–12, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012). Miyake, S.; Sasao, Y.; Yamamoto, S.; Tabate, S.; Miyawaki, T.; Ooyama, H.: Simulation of unsteady 3-D wet-stream Flows through Three-Stage Stator-Rotor Blade Rows with Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Condensations. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68828, June 11–12, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012).
MOO1968.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore, M.J., Langford, R.W., Tipping, J.C.: Research at C.E.R.L on turbine blade erosion. Proc Imeche Conf. Wet Steam 182,, 61–68 (1968) Moore, M.J., Langford, R.W., Tipping, J.C.: Research at C.E.R.L on turbine blade erosion. Proc Imeche Conf. Wet Steam 182,, 61–68 (1968)
MOO1973.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore, M.J.; Walters, P.T.; Crane, R.I.; Davidson, B.J.: Predicting the fog-drop size in wet-steam turbines. Inst. of Mechanical Engineers, Wet Steam 4 Conf., Paper C37/73, University of Warwick, UK, (1973). Moore, M.J.; Walters, P.T.; Crane, R.I.; Davidson, B.J.: Predicting the fog-drop size in wet-steam turbines. Inst. of Mechanical Engineers, Wet Steam 4 Conf., Paper C37/73, University of Warwick, UK, (1973).
MOR1972.
Zurück zum Zitat Morsi, S.A., Alexander, A.J.: An Investigation of Particle Trajectories in Two-Phase Flow Systems. J. Fluid Dyn. 55(2), 193–208 (1972)MATH Morsi, S.A., Alexander, A.J.: An Investigation of Particle Trajectories in Two-Phase Flow Systems. J. Fluid Dyn. 55(2), 193–208 (1972)MATH
MOR2012a.
Zurück zum Zitat Moraga, F.J.; Vysohlid, M.; Gerber, A.; Smelova, N.; Atheya, S.; Kanakala, V.: CFD Predictions of efficiency for non-equilibrium steam 2D cascades. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68368, July 11–15, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012). Moraga, F.J.; Vysohlid, M.; Gerber, A.; Smelova, N.; Atheya, S.; Kanakala, V.: CFD Predictions of efficiency for non-equilibrium steam 2D cascades. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68368, July 11–15, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012).
MOR2012b.
Zurück zum Zitat Moraga, F.J.; Vyshohlid, M.; Smelova, N.; Mistry, H.; Athey, S.; Kanakala, V.: A Flux-Conversation Mixing Plane Algorithm for Multiphase Non-Equilibrium Stream Models. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68660, July 11–15, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012). Moraga, F.J.; Vyshohlid, M.; Smelova, N.; Mistry, H.; Athey, S.; Kanakala, V.: A Flux-Conversation Mixing Plane Algorithm for Multiphase Non-Equilibrium Stream Models. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68660, July 11–15, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012).
MOR2013.
Zurück zum Zitat Moraga, F.J.; Wang, L.; Ren, W.-M.: Numerical Sensitivity Study and Calibration of Non-Equilibrium Wet Steam Model. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2013-94628, June 3–7, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (2013). Moraga, F.J.; Wang, L.; Ren, W.-M.: Numerical Sensitivity Study and Calibration of Non-Equilibrium Wet Steam Model. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2013-94628, June 3–7, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (2013).
MUN1996.
Zurück zum Zitat Mundo, C.: Zur Sekundärzerstäubung newtonscher Fluide an Oberflächen. Dissertation, Universität Erlangen-Nürberg, 1996. Mundo, C.: Zur Sekundärzerstäubung newtonscher Fluide an Oberflächen. Dissertation, Universität Erlangen-Nürberg, 1996.
NIC1972.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicholls, J.: Stream and Droplet Breakup by Shock Waves. Harrje, D.T.; Reardon, F.H. (Eds.), NASA SP-194, 1972. Nicholls, J.: Stream and Droplet Breakup by Shock Waves. Harrje, D.T.; Reardon, F.H. (Eds.), NASA SP-194, 1972.
NIK2009.
Zurück zum Zitat Nikkhahi, B., Shams, M., Ziabasharhagh, M.: A numerical investigation of two-phase steam flow around a 2-D turbine’s rotor tip. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 36(6), 632–639 (2009)CrossRef Nikkhahi, B., Shams, M., Ziabasharhagh, M.: A numerical investigation of two-phase steam flow around a 2-D turbine’s rotor tip. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 36(6), 632–639 (2009)CrossRef
OHN1936.
Zurück zum Zitat Die Bildung von Tropfen an Düsen und die Auflösung flüssiger Strahlen. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 16, (1936), Nr. 6, S. 355–358. Die Bildung von Tropfen an Düsen und die Auflösung flüssiger Strahlen. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 16, (1936), Nr. 6, S. 355–358.
PAT2013.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, Y.; Patel, G.; Turunen-Saaresti, T.: The Effect of Turbulence and Real Gas Models on the Two Phase Spontaneously Condensing Flows in Nozzle. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2013-94778, June 3–7, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (2013). Patel, Y.; Patel, G.; Turunen-Saaresti, T.: The Effect of Turbulence and Real Gas Models on the Two Phase Spontaneously Condensing Flows in Nozzle. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2013-94778, June 3–7, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (2013).
PET2011.
Zurück zum Zitat Petr, V.; Kolovratnik, M.: Classical nucleation theory as an adequatemodel in predicting related wet steam effects in LP steam turbines. In: 9th European Conference on Turbomachinery, (2011). Petr, V.; Kolovratnik, M.: Classical nucleation theory as an adequatemodel in predicting related wet steam effects in LP steam turbines. In: 9th European Conference on Turbomachinery, (2011).
PIL1987.
Zurück zum Zitat Pilch, M., Erdmann, C.A.: Use of Breakup Time Data and Velocity History Data to Predict the Maximum Size of Stable Fragments for Acceleration-Induced Breakup of a Liquid Drop. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 13(6), 741–757 (1987)CrossRef Pilch, M., Erdmann, C.A.: Use of Breakup Time Data and Velocity History Data to Predict the Maximum Size of Stable Fragments for Acceleration-Induced Breakup of a Liquid Drop. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 13(6), 741–757 (1987)CrossRef
PUT2012.
Zurück zum Zitat van Putten, D.S.; Sidin, R.S.R.; Hagemeijer, R.: Reduced models for the cluster size distribution in isothermal single component condensation. Baumann centenary conference, Paper BCC-2012-05, September, Cambridge, UK, (2012). van Putten, D.S.; Sidin, R.S.R.; Hagemeijer, R.: Reduced models for the cluster size distribution in isothermal single component condensation. Baumann centenary conference, Paper BCC-2012-05, September, Cambridge, UK, (2012).
REI1987.
Zurück zum Zitat Reitz, R.D.: Modeling Atomization Processes in High-Pressure Vaporizing Sprays. At. Spray Technol. 3, 309–337 (1987) Reitz, R.D.: Modeling Atomization Processes in High-Pressure Vaporizing Sprays. At. Spray Technol. 3, 309–337 (1987)
REI1993.
Zurück zum Zitat Rein, M.: Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces. Fluid Dyn. Res. 12(2), 61–93 (1993)CrossRef Rein, M.: Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces. Fluid Dyn. Res. 12(2), 61–93 (1993)CrossRef
REI2008.
Zurück zum Zitat Rein, M., Delphlanque, J.-P.: The role of air entrainment on the outcome of drop impact on a solid surface. Acta Mech. 201(1), 105–118 (2008)MATHCrossRef Rein, M., Delphlanque, J.-P.: The role of air entrainment on the outcome of drop impact on a solid surface. Acta Mech. 201(1), 105–118 (2008)MATHCrossRef
RIO2002.
Zurück zum Zitat Rioboo, R., Marengo, M., Tropea, C.: Time evolution of liquid drop impact onto solid dry surfaces. Exp. Fluids 33(1), 112–124 (2002)CrossRef Rioboo, R., Marengo, M., Tropea, C.: Time evolution of liquid drop impact onto solid dry surfaces. Exp. Fluids 33(1), 112–124 (2002)CrossRef
ROC1979.
Zurück zum Zitat Rochester, M.C., Brunton, J.H.: Pressure distribution during drop impact. In: Field, J.E. (Hrsg.) On erosion by liquid and solid impact Proc. 5th Int. Conf. S. 6.1–6.7. Cavendish laboratory, Camridige (1979) Rochester, M.C., Brunton, J.H.: Pressure distribution during drop impact. In: Field, J.E. (Hrsg.) On erosion by liquid and solid impact Proc. 5th Int. Conf. S. 6.1–6.7. Cavendish laboratory, Camridige (1979)
ROI2006.
Zurück zum Zitat Roisman, I.V., Horvat, K., Tropea, C.: Spray impact: Rim transverse in stability initiating fingering and splash and description of a secondary spray. Phys. Fluids 18(10), 102--104 (2006)MATHCrossRef Roisman, I.V., Horvat, K., Tropea, C.: Spray impact: Rim transverse in stability initiating fingering and splash and description of a secondary spray. Phys. Fluids 18(10), 102--104 (2006)MATHCrossRef
SAB2004.
Zurück zum Zitat Saber, H.H., El-Genk, M.S.: On the breakup of a thin liquid film subject to interfacial shear. J. Fluid Mech. 500, 113–133 (2004)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Saber, H.H., El-Genk, M.S.: On the breakup of a thin liquid film subject to interfacial shear. J. Fluid Mech. 500, 113–133 (2004)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
SAM2008.
Zurück zum Zitat Samal, M.K., Seidenfuss, M., Roos, E., Dutta, B.K., Kushawa, H.S.: Finite element formulation of a new nonlocal damage model. Finite Elem. Analysis Des. 6–7(44), 358–371 (2008)CrossRef Samal, M.K., Seidenfuss, M., Roos, E., Dutta, B.K., Kushawa, H.S.: Finite element formulation of a new nonlocal damage model. Finite Elem. Analysis Des. 6–7(44), 358–371 (2008)CrossRef
SAS2013.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasao, Y.; Miyake, S.; Okazaki, K.; Yamamoto, S.: Eulerian-Langrangian Numerical Simulation of wet Steam Flow through multi-stage Turbine. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2013-95945, June 3–7, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (2013). Sasao, Y.; Miyake, S.; Okazaki, K.; Yamamoto, S.: Eulerian-Langrangian Numerical Simulation of wet Steam Flow through multi-stage Turbine. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2013-95945, June 3–7, San Antonio, Texas, USA, (2013).
SCH1968.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlichting, H.: Boundary Layer Theory. Springer, Berlin, Germany (1968)MATH Schlichting, H.: Boundary Layer Theory. Springer, Berlin, Germany (1968)MATH
SCH1999.
Zurück zum Zitat Schleizer, A.D., Bonnecaze, R.T.: Displacement of a two-dimensional immiscible droplet adhering to a wall in shear and pressure-driven flows. J. Fluid Mech. 383, 29–54 (1999)MATHCrossRef Schleizer, A.D., Bonnecaze, R.T.: Displacement of a two-dimensional immiscible droplet adhering to a wall in shear and pressure-driven flows. J. Fluid Mech. 383, 29–54 (1999)MATHCrossRef
SCH2005.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheider, I.; Schödel, I.M.; Schönfeld, W.; Brocks, W.: Modelling Crack Extension in Biaxially Loaded Panels. In: Carpinteri, A. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Fracture, (2005). Scheider, I.; Schödel, I.M.; Schönfeld, W.; Brocks, W.: Modelling Crack Extension in Biaxially Loaded Panels. In: Carpinteri, A. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Fracture, (2005).
SEN2002.
Zurück zum Zitat Senoo, S., Shikano, Y.: Two-Dimensional Analysis for Non-Equilibrium Homogeneously Condensing Flows through Steam Turbine Cascade. Jsme Int. J. 45(4), 865–871 (2002)CrossRef Senoo, S., Shikano, Y.: Two-Dimensional Analysis for Non-Equilibrium Homogeneously Condensing Flows through Steam Turbine Cascade. Jsme Int. J. 45(4), 865–871 (2002)CrossRef
SIM2005.
Zurück zum Zitat Simpson, D.A., White, A.J.: Viscous and unsteady flow calculation of condensing steam in nozzles. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 26(1), 71–79 (2005)CrossRef Simpson, D.A., White, A.J.: Viscous and unsteady flow calculation of condensing steam in nozzles. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 26(1), 71–79 (2005)CrossRef
SIM2007.
Zurück zum Zitat Simon, J.-F.: Contribution to throughflowmodelling for axial flow turbomachines. PhD Thesis, University of Liège, 2007. Simon, J.-F.: Contribution to throughflowmodelling for axial flow turbomachines. PhD Thesis, University of Liège, 2007.
SLA2003.
Zurück zum Zitat Slater, S., Leeming, A., Young, J.: Particle deposition from two-dimensional turbulent gas flows. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 29(5), 721–750 (2003)MATHCrossRef Slater, S., Leeming, A., Young, J.: Particle deposition from two-dimensional turbulent gas flows. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 29(5), 721–750 (2003)MATHCrossRef
SMI1966.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, A.: The influence of moisture on the efficiency of a one-third scale model low pressure steam turbine. In: Symposium on wet steam, London, (1966), pp. 39–49. Smith, A.: The influence of moisture on the efficiency of a one-third scale model low pressure steam turbine. In: Symposium on wet steam, London, (1966), pp. 39–49.
SNO1981.
Zurück zum Zitat Snoeck, J.: Calculation of Mixed Flows with Condensation in One Dimensional Nozzle, Aero-Thermodynamics of Steam Turbines. 10 Copyright © 2013 by ASME, ASME H 11-18, (1981). Snoeck, J.: Calculation of Mixed Flows with Condensation in One Dimensional Nozzle, Aero-Thermodynamics of Steam Turbines. 10 Copyright © 2013 by ASME, ASME H 11-18, (1981).
SPR1976.
Zurück zum Zitat Springer, G.S.: Erosion by Liquid Impact. Scripta Publishing Co, ■ (1976) Springer, G.S.: Erosion by Liquid Impact. Scripta Publishing Co, ■ (1976)
STA2005.
Zurück zum Zitat Stastny, M.; Sejna, M.: The Effect of Expansion Rate on the Steam Flow with Hetero-Homogeneous Condensation in Nozzles. Proc. Intsn. Mech. Engrs. 219, Part A: J. Power and Energy, (2005), pp. 491–497. Stastny, M.; Sejna, M.: The Effect of Expansion Rate on the Steam Flow with Hetero-Homogeneous Condensation in Nozzles. Proc. Intsn. Mech. Engrs. 219, Part A: J. Power and Energy, (2005), pp. 491–497.
STA2012.
Zurück zum Zitat Starzmann, J.; Casey, M.V.; Mayer, J.F.; Sieverding, F.: Wetness loss prediction for a low pressure steam turbine using CFD. Proc. Baumann Centenary Conference, Paper BCC-2012-14, Cambridge, UK, (2012). Starzmann, J.; Casey, M.V.; Mayer, J.F.; Sieverding, F.: Wetness loss prediction for a low pressure steam turbine using CFD. Proc. Baumann Centenary Conference, Paper BCC-2012-14, Cambridge, UK, (2012).
STE1987.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinberg, D.J.: Spherical explosions and the equation of state of water. Report UCID-20974, (1987). Steinberg, D.J.: Spherical explosions and the equation of state of water. Report UCID-20974, (1987).
STE1993.
Zurück zum Zitat Stephenson, D.J., Nicholls, J.R.: Modelling erosive wear. Corros. Sci. 5–8(35), 1015–1026 (1993)CrossRef Stephenson, D.J., Nicholls, J.R.: Modelling erosive wear. Corros. Sci. 5–8(35), 1015–1026 (1993)CrossRef
STO1981.
Zurück zum Zitat Stow, C.D.; Hadfield, M.G.: An experimental investigation of fluid flow resulting from the impact of a water drop with an unyielding dry surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 373, (1981), Issue 1755. Stow, C.D.; Hadfield, M.G.: An experimental investigation of fluid flow resulting from the impact of a water drop with an unyielding dry surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 373, (1981), Issue 1755.
SUR1989.
Zurück zum Zitat Surov, V.S.; Ageyev, S.G.: Initial Stage in the Impingement of a Water Drop onto a Compressible Baffle. Fluid Mechanics – Soviet Research, Bd. 6 (1989), Issue 18. Surov, V.S.; Ageyev, S.G.: Initial Stage in the Impingement of a Water Drop onto a Compressible Baffle. Fluid Mechanics – Soviet Research, Bd. 6 (1989), Issue 18.
TAL1980.
Zurück zum Zitat Talbot, L., Cheng, R., Schefer, R., Willis, D.: Thermophoresis of particles in a heated boundary layer. J. Fluid. Mech. 101(4), 737–758 (1980)CrossRef Talbot, L., Cheng, R., Schefer, R., Willis, D.: Thermophoresis of particles in a heated boundary layer. J. Fluid. Mech. 101(4), 737–758 (1980)CrossRef
TAN2012.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanuma, T., Sasao, Y., Yamamoto, S., Niizeki, Y., Shibukawa, N., Saeki, H.: Numerical Investigation of Three-Dimensional Wet Steam Flows in an Exhaust Diffuser with Non-uniform Inlet Flows From the Turbine Stages in a Steam Turbine. Proc. ASME Turbo Expo ■, GT2012–69496 (2012) Tanuma, T., Sasao, Y., Yamamoto, S., Niizeki, Y., Shibukawa, N., Saeki, H.: Numerical Investigation of Three-Dimensional Wet Steam Flows in an Exhaust Diffuser with Non-uniform Inlet Flows From the Turbine Stages in a Steam Turbine. Proc. ASME Turbo Expo ■, GT2012–69496 (2012)
TRA1988.
Zurück zum Zitat Traupel, W.: Thermische Turbomaschinen Bd. 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1988)MATH Traupel, W.: Thermische Turbomaschinen Bd. 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1988)MATH
TSU2012.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsukuda, T.; Kawagishi, H.; Shibukawa, N.; Hashidate, T.; Goto, K.: Influence of wetness on efficiency of the full scale Size Low Pressure Turbines. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, June 11–15, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012). Tsukuda, T.; Kawagishi, H.; Shibukawa, N.; Hashidate, T.; Goto, K.: Influence of wetness on efficiency of the full scale Size Low Pressure Turbines. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012, June 11–15, Copenhagen, Denmark, (2012).
URB2009.
Zurück zum Zitat Urban, J.: Numerische Untersuchung und Modellierung von Tropfen-Wand Interaktionen. Dissertation, Universität Stuttgart, 1999. Urban, J.: Numerische Untersuchung und Modellierung von Tropfen-Wand Interaktionen. Dissertation, Universität Stuttgart, 1999.
VIL1998.
VÖ2005.
Zurück zum Zitat Völker, L.; Casey, M.; Neef, M.; Stüer, H.: The Flow Field and Performance of a Model Low Pressure Steam Turbine. In: Proceedings of ETC6 – 6th Conference on Turbomachinery, Paper AFT–022_05, March 07–11, Lille, France, (2005). Völker, L.; Casey, M.; Neef, M.; Stüer, H.: The Flow Field and Performance of a Model Low Pressure Steam Turbine. In: Proceedings of ETC6 – 6th Conference on Turbomachinery, Paper AFT–022_05, March 07–11, Lille, France, (2005).
WAL1985.
Zurück zum Zitat Walter, P.T.: Wetness and Efficiency Measurements in L-P Turbines With an Optical Probe as an Aid to Improving Performance. ASME Paper 85-JPGC-GT-9, (1985). Walter, P.T.: Wetness and Efficiency Measurements in L-P Turbines With an Optical Probe as an Aid to Improving Performance. ASME Paper 85-JPGC-GT-9, (1985).
WAL1990.
Zurück zum Zitat Walzel, P.: Zerstäuben von Flüssigkeiten. Chem. Ing. Tech. 62(12), 983–994 (1990)CrossRef Walzel, P.: Zerstäuben von Flüssigkeiten. Chem. Ing. Tech. 62(12), 983–994 (1990)CrossRef
WAL2006.
Zurück zum Zitat Van der Wal, R.L., Berger, G.M.: The splash/non-splash boundary upon a surface and thin fluid film. Exp. Fluids 40(1), 53–59 (2006)CrossRef Van der Wal, R.L., Berger, G.M.: The splash/non-splash boundary upon a surface and thin fluid film. Exp. Fluids 40(1), 53–59 (2006)CrossRef
WAN2008.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, Y.-F., Yang, Z.-G.: Finite element model of erosive wear on ductile and brittle materials. Wear 5–6(265), 871–878 (2008)CrossRef Wang, Y.-F., Yang, Z.-G.: Finite element model of erosive wear on ductile and brittle materials. Wear 5–6(265), 871–878 (2008)CrossRef
WAW1993.
Zurück zum Zitat Wawrzynek, P.; Ingraffea, A.: FRANC2D: A Two Dimensional Crack Propagation Simulator. User’s Guide, Version 3.1, Cornell Fracture Group, 1993. Wawrzynek, P.; Ingraffea, A.: FRANC2D: A Two Dimensional Crack Propagation Simulator. User’s Guide, Version 3.1, Cornell Fracture Group, 1993.
WHI1991.
Zurück zum Zitat White, F.M.: Viscous Fluid Flow, 2. Aufl. McGraw-Hill, New York (1991) White, F.M.: Viscous Fluid Flow, 2. Aufl. McGraw-Hill, New York (1991)
WHI1996.
Zurück zum Zitat White, A.J., Young, J.B., Walters, P.T.: Experimental validation of condensing flow theory for a stationary cascade of steam turbine blades. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 354(1704), 59–98 (1996)CrossRef White, A.J., Young, J.B., Walters, P.T.: Experimental validation of condensing flow theory for a stationary cascade of steam turbine blades. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 354(1704), 59–98 (1996)CrossRef
WHI2008.
Zurück zum Zitat White, A.; White, B.: Transient Calculations of Nucleation and Droplet Growth for Wet-Steam Expansions. In: 15th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam (ICPWS XV), Sept 8–11, Berlin, Germany, (2008). White, A.; White, B.: Transient Calculations of Nucleation and Droplet Growth for Wet-Steam Expansions. In: 15th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam (ICPWS XV), Sept 8–11, Berlin, Germany, (2008).
WIL1980.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilkins, M.L.: Use of artificial viscosity in multidimensional fluid dynamic calculations. J. Comput. Phys. 36(3), 281–303 (1980)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Wilkins, M.L.: Use of artificial viscosity in multidimensional fluid dynamic calculations. J. Comput. Phys. 36(3), 281–303 (1980)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
WIL2006.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams, J.; Young, J.: Movement of deposited water on turbomachinery rotor blade surfaces. In: ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Volume 6: Turbomachinery, Parts A and B, GT2006-90792, May 8–11, Barcelona, Spain, (2006), pp. 1407–1420. Williams, J.; Young, J.: Movement of deposited water on turbomachinery rotor blade surfaces. In: ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Volume 6: Turbomachinery, Parts A and B, GT2006-90792, May 8–11, Barcelona, Spain, (2006), pp. 1407–1420.
WOY1999.
Zurück zum Zitat Woytowitz, P.J., Richman, R.H.: Modelling of damage from multiple impacts by spherical particles. Wear 233–235, 120–133 (1999)CrossRef Woytowitz, P.J., Richman, R.H.: Modelling of damage from multiple impacts by spherical particles. Wear 233–235, 120–133 (1999)CrossRef
WRO2009.
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Metadaten
Titel
Modellierung der Zweiphasenströmung
verfasst von
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Joos
Dr.-Ing. Niklas Neupert
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20630-7_5

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