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NanoEthics
Erschienen in: NanoEthics 3/2019

11.12.2019 | Introduction

Moral and Fictional Discourses on Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Current Responses, Future Scenarios

verfasst von: Maurizio Balistreri, Solveig Lena Hansen

Erschienen in: NanoEthics | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Abstract

This paper gives an introduction to the interdisciplinary special section. Against the historical and ethical background of reproductive technologies, it explores future scenarios of human reproduction and analyzes ways of mutual engagement between fictional and academic endeavors. The underlying idea is that we can make use of human reproduction scenarios in at least two ways: we can use them to critique technologies by imagining terrible consequences for humanity but also to defend positions that favor scientific and technological development.
Vorheriger Artikel From Buzz to Burst—Critical Remarks on the Term ‘Life’ and Its Ethical Implications in Synthetic Biology
Nächster Artikel ‘Eugenics is Back’? Historic References in Current Discussions of Germline Gene Editing

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Fußnoten
1
Year after year, we have seen a slow increase not only in the number of species cloned but also the ability to produce embryos via cloning and carry on their development up to birth. Dolly was the only animal born from 277 embryos produced by transferring nucleus DNA (about 0,36%), whilst today the success rate of the intervention – defined as the proportion of transferred embryos that reach birth – is around 2–3% for all species considered. In cattle the average is far higher, oscillating between 5 and 20%, whereas it is only around 6%, in pigs [11].
 
2
Studies on animals show, for instance, that generation from two female cells and two male cells is possible [30].
 
3
Even now, a couple turning to an assisted reproduction intervention may decide which embryo to give birth to, bearing in mind the results of a prenatal genetic diagnosis on the fetus or preimplantation on the embryo, hence assessing the genetic features of the embryos produced in vitro [47]. This procedure is mainly offered when there is a risk of transmitting serious genetic anomalies to the unborn child [16], but it can also be used (for example in USA, Israel, Cyprus and Ukraine) to select the sex of the future child for family balancing ([48], 77). A couple, aware they could transmit genetic anomalies to the future child and eager to avoid the risk of an abortion, could prefer to turn to assisted reproduction involving PND and PGD.
 
4
In even more speculative discussions on moral enhancement, scholars anticipate that physical and cognitive abilities of humans are subject to fatigue. Empathy is particularly limited and mainly directed towards those belonging to one's restricted circle [50, 51]. Natural selection could of course lead here to changes as well , but they could be obtained much faster by modifying or enhancing the genome of future generations, as some scholars suggest [52‐54].
 
5
The special section is an outcome of our conference ‘What’s Next?’. Hype and Hope from Human Reproductive Cloning to Genome Editing, kindly supported and funded by the Andrea von Braun Stiftung, Munich, Germany.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Moral and Fictional Discourses on Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Current Responses, Future Scenarios
verfasst von
Maurizio Balistreri
Solveig Lena Hansen
Publikationsdatum
11.12.2019
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
NanoEthics / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1871-4757
Elektronische ISSN: 1871-4765
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11569-019-00359-y

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