8. Multi-stage Resilient Distribution System Expansion Planning Considering Non-utility Gas-Fired Distributed Generation

This chapter presents an approach for Resilient Distribution System Expansion Planning (RDSEP) considering gas-fired Non-utility DGs (NUDGs) and Demand Side Providers (DRPs). The RDSEP method explores the NUDGs and DRPs impacts on the planning paradigm. The RDSEP problem is decomposed into multi sub-problems that optimize investment, operational and reliability costs. The RDSEP is a complicated problem, and the resilience criteria may encounter different planning schemes that can also be included in the problem modeling. The resilience of a distribution system is the capacity to tolerate the external shocks that may be imposed on the network, and the distribution system must be able to deliver electricity continuously to its consumers. The distribution system may have NUDGs and DRPs that interchange electricity with Distribution System Operator (DSO) and they can dynamically change the distribution system resources. The NUDG and DRP contribution scenarios can significantly change the state space of RDSEP, and they can be utilized for different preventive/corrective measures against internal and external shocks. The RDSEP model is a non-linear programming problem, and a heuristic optimization method is utilized. A nine-bus test system and an urban electric system are used to assess the introduced method.