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2008 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces

Friction, Superhydrophobicity, and Biomimetics

verfasst von: Dr. Michael Nosonovsky, Professor Dr. Bharat Bhushan

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : NanoScience and Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces covers the rapidly developing topics of hierarchical surfaces, roughness-induced superhydrophobicity and biomimetic surfaces. The research in these topics has been progressing rapidly in the recent years due to the advances in the nanosciences and surfaces science and due to potential applications in nanotechnology. The first in its field, this monograph provides a comprehensive review of these subjects and presents the background introduction as well as recent and new results in the area.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Surface Roughness and Hierarchical Friction Mechanisms

Frontmatter
1. Introduction
Abstract
In the introduction chapter, the subjects and definitions of the surface science and tribology are discussed, as well as their relations to the concepts of hierarchy, mesoscale, energy dissipation and biomimetics.
2. Rough Surface Topography
Abstract
Approaches to solid surface topography characterization are discussed in this chapter, including experimental methods used in the conventional, nano-, and biotribology. Basic concepts of the statistical and fractal analysis of random rough surfaces and surface contact are reviewed. Common ways of surface modification, such as texturing and layer deposition, are discussed.
3. Mechanisms of Dry Friction, Their Scaling and Linear Properties
Abstract
Various mechanisms of dry sliding friction of two solids is discussed, including adhesion and adhesion hysteresis, deformation, plastic yield, fracture, the ratchet, cobblestone and third-body mechanisms. It is discussed how all these diverse mechanisms lead to the linear Amontons-Coulomb’s empirical law of friction. Various explanations of the linearity of friction are discussed (real area of contact and slope-controlled friction, etc.) and the concept of a “small parameter” responsible for the linearity is suggested.
4. Friction as a Nonlinear Hierarchical Phenomenon
Abstract
Nonlinear effects of dry friction are discussed, including the nonlinearity in the Amontons-Coulomb’s laws, velocity dependence, dynamic nonlinearities, stick-slip, interdependence of size-, load-, and velocity dependencies, self-organized criticality. The relation between the nonlinearity and hierarchical organization is discussed. The heterogeneity is studied in relation to the hierarchy and energy dissipation and it is shown how deviation from an “ideal” situation at different hierarchy levels (including elasticity, plasticity, roughness and heterogeneity, reversible and irreversible adhesion) leads to friction. A phase field (mesoscopic functional) approach to the stick-slip is suggested and mapping of various friction mechanisms is presented.

Solid-Liquid Friction and Superhydrophobicity

Frontmatter
5. Solid-Liquid Interaction and Capillary Effects
Abstract
Phase transformations are discussed and the classical concepts of the Young, Laplace, and Kelvin equations are introduced. The role of the capillary effects at the nanoscale is further discussed including deviations from the conventional water phase diagram, stability issues associated with capillary effects, etc.
6. Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity
Abstract
The concept of roughness-induced superhydrophobicity is introduced and discussed, including the Wenzel and Cassie equations, contact angle hysteresis and theoretical calculation of the contact angle for common types of surfaces. The effect of the triple line pinning vs. adhesion hysteresis is discussed as well as multiscale mechanisms of dissipation leading to contact angle hysteresis.
7. Stability of the Composite Interface, Roughness Optimization and Meniscus Force
Abstract
Stability of the composite (Cassie) interface is one of the crucial issues for a successful creation of superhydrophobic surfaces. Destabilizing factors, such as surface waves and capillarity are discussed and a probabilistic model is presented for 2D and 3D roughness. Various related issues, such as the metastability of the Cassie state, similarity of the bubbles and droplets, effect of surface roughness on the capillary adhesion force, roughness optimization and hierarchical roughness are also discussed.
8. Cassie-Wenzel Wetting Regime Transition
Abstract
Experimental results and theoretical considerations of the Cassie-Wenzel wetting regime transition are discussed. The transition can be considered as a multiscale phenomenon involving interaction at the molecular, micro (size of a solid surface pattern) and macroscale. The transition can also be viewed as a phase transition. The reversible superhydrophobicity (stimulated by light and UV irradiation, electric potential, or changing surface chemistry) is also discussed.
9. Underwater Superhydrophobicity and Dynamic Effects
Abstract
The issues related to the superhydrophobicity and lotus effect are reviewed. This involves “underwater” superhydrophobicity and liquid flow slip near a superhydrophobic surface, hydrophobic interactions and nanobubbles, bouncing droplets, the Leidenfrost effect, and droplets on inclined solid surfaces.

Biological and Biomimetic Surfaces

Frontmatter
10. Lotus-Effect and Water-Repellent Surfaces in Nature
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces of water-repellent plants, such as lotus leaf, are reviewed in this chapter. Experimental techniques and measurement results for wetting properties (contact angle, contact angle hysteresis), adhesion and surface topography are reviewed.
11. Artificial (Biomimetic) Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Abstract
Artificial (biomimetic) superhydrophobic surfaces utilizing the Lotus effect are reviewed in this chapter. First, modern ways of production of superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed, including lithography, deposition, stretching, itching, evaporation, sol-gel, and others. The variety of materials used to make superhydrophobic surfaces (metals, polymers, semiconductors, nanotubes, nanoparticles) is discussed. Then wetting and self-cleaning properties of micro- and nanopatterned silicon and polymer biomimetic surfaces are presented on the basis of experimental measurements. After that, commercially available superhydrophobic products (paints, textiles, glasses) are reviewed as well as future applications in industry, bio- and nanotechnology.
12. Gecko-Effect and Smart Adhesion
Abstract
The “smart adhesion” of gecko is discussed. It is shown that gecko achieves very high adhesion as well as the ability to detach easily at will due to a hierarchical organization of attachment pads. Experimental data and theoretical models are presented. Properties of a biomimetic adhesive tape using the gecko-effect are reviewed.
13. Other Biomimetic Surfaces
Abstract
The issues of hierarchical organization in biomaterials and surfaces are discussed. Various biomimetic surfaces and effects are reviewed, including the shark skin, darkling beetle, water strider, spider web, and several others.
14. Outlook
Abstract
In this chapter, the conclusions of the preceding chapters and the book as a whole are formulated and presented.
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces
verfasst von
Dr. Michael Nosonovsky
Professor Dr. Bharat Bhushan
Copyright-Jahr
2008
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-540-78425-8
Print ISBN
978-3-540-78424-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78425-8

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