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2009 | Buch

3D CMOL Crossnet for Neuromorphic Network Applications Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Nano-Net

Third International ICST Conference, NanoNet 2008, Boston, MA, USA, September 14-16, 2008, Revised Selected Papers

herausgegeben von: Maggie Cheng

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Full Papers

3D CMOL Crossnet for Neuromorphic Network Applications
Abstract
In this work, a novel 3D CMOL crossnet structure is introduced by combining two leading technological concepts for future nanoelectronic neuromorphic networks: CMOL crossnet and 3D integration. By implementing CMOL crossnet into the third dimension, the proposed 3D CMOL crossnet not only maintains the high-speed and high defect-tolerant properties of the CMOS-nano hybrid CMOL hardware system, but also provides efficient fabrication and assembly processes with a much higher density than the original CMOL crossnet. Furthermore, this study focuses on the development of multivalue synapses and efficient communication methods between CMOS and nanodevices. Preliminary results demonstrate that the structure can utilize the advantages of high performance synapses and stable analog CMOS somas in three dimensions. Therefore, the proposed 3D CMOL crossnet structure has a huge potential to become an efficient 3D hardware platform to build neuromorphic networks that are scalable to biological levels.
Kevin Ryan, Sansiri Tanachutiwat, Wei Wang
Structural Fault Modelling in Nano Devices
Abstract
In this paper we present a model for structural failures in nano-devices. Fault being considered include stuck-at and bridge faults only. This model is an extension of probabilistic model based on Gibbs energy distribution and belief propagation as presented in NANOLAB [1]. Results have been carried out on a 8-bit full adder circuit. Simulation results indicate that probabilistic TMR model represents bridge and stuck-at-1 faults better while deterministic model is more suited for stuck-at-0 faults.
Manoj S. Gaur, Raghavendra Narasimhan, Vijay Laxmi, Ujjwal Kumar
Proposal for Memristors in Signal Processing
Abstract
Recently researchers at Hewlett-Packard have announced the discovery of a new material having resistance switching characteristics and which has been characterized as a fourth fundamental circuit component called the “memristor”[1]. It is proposed to combine such memristors with operational amplifier circuitry and fixed resistor elements so as to form a programmable signal processor capable of selective transmission and multiplexing of multiple signals for applications in communications and programmable drive waveform control.
B. Mouttet
Normal and Reverse Temperature Dependence in Variation-Tolerant Nanoscale Systems with High-k Dielectrics and Metal Gates
Abstract
The delay dependence on temperature reverses at increasingly larger supply voltages as technology scales into the nanometer regime, causing delay to decrease as temperature increases. This reversal can be problematic for variation-tolerant systems using critical path replicas to determine delay guardbands, as delay may no longer indicate when the system is in danger of thermal runaway. Adaptive voltage scaling, commonly used in variation-tolerant systems, further complicates the temperature impact, as the range of voltages may intersect both temperature regions. In this paper, it is shown that use of high-k dielectrics and metal gates increases the supply voltage where this reversal occurs by 40% compared to low-k, poly gate technologies. 45, 32, and 22 nm models are examined, and the reversal voltage is shown to approach 90% of nominal voltage at 22 nm, making the effect important even for non-adaptive designs. Techniques to account for these complex temperature dependencies are proposed to ensure functionality under all conditions.
David Wolpert, Paul Ampadu
NEMS Capacitive Sensors for Highly Sensitive, Label-Free Nucleic-Acid Analysis
Abstract
A highly sensitive NEMS capacitive sensor with electrode separation in the order of Debye length is fabricated for label free DNA analysis. The use of nano-scale electrode separation provides better insight in to the target-probe interaction which was not previously attainable with macro or even micro scale devices. As the double layers from both the capacitive electrodes merge together and occupy a major fraction of the capacitive volume, the contribution from bulk sample resistance and noises due to electrode polarization effects are eliminated. The dielectric properties during hybridization reaction were measured using 10-mer nucleotide sequences. A 45-50% change in relative permittivity (capacitance) was observed due to DNA hybridization at 10Hz. Capacitive sensors with 30nm electrode separation were fabricated using standard silicon micro/nano technology and show promise for future electronic DNA arrays and high throughput screening of nucleic acid samples.
Manu Sebastian Mannoor, Teena James, Dentcho V. Ivanov, Les Beadling, William Braunlin
Impact of Process Variation in Fault-Resilient Streaming Nanoprocessors
Abstract
We show results from ongoing work studying the interaction of process variation and built-in fault resilience intended to handle defects. We find that built-in fault resilience decreases the negative effects of process variation on a streaming nanoprocessor design.
Michael Leuchtenburg, Pritish Narayanan, Teng Wang, Csaba Andras Moritz
Hybrid DNA and Enzyme Based Computing for Address Encoding, Link Switching and Error Correction in Molecular Communication
Abstract
This paper proposes a biological cell-based communication protocol to enable communication between biological nanodevices. Inspired by existing communication network protocols, our solution combines two molecular computing techniques (DNA and enzyme computing), to design a protocol stack for molecular communication networks. Based on computational requirements of each layer of the stack, our solution specifies biomolecule address encoding/decoding, error correction and link switching mechanisms for molecular communication networks.
Frank Walsh, Sasitharan Balasubramaniam, Dmitri Botvich, Tatsuya Suda, Tadashi Nakano, Stephen F. Bush, Mícheál Ó Foghlú
Hitting Time Analysis for Stochastic Communication
Abstract
This paper investigates the benefits of a recently proposed communication approach, namely on-chip stochastic communication, and proposes an analytical model for computing its mean hitting time. Towards this end, we model the stochastic communication as a branching process taking place on a finite mesh and estimate the mean number of communication rounds.
Paul Bogdan, Radu Marculescu
FPAA Based on Integration of CMOS and Nanojunction Devices for Neuromorphic Applications
Abstract
In this paper, a novel field programmable analog arrays (FPAA) architecture, namely, NueroFPAA, is introduced to utilize nanodevices to build a programmable neuromorphic system. By using nanodevices as programmable components, the proposed FPAA can achieve high-density and low-power operations for neuromorphic applications. The routing and function blocks of the FPAA are specifically designed so that this proposed architecture can support large-scale neuromorphic design as well as various analog circuitries.
Ming Liu, Hua Yu, Wei Wang
Exploring Multi-layer Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects
Abstract
In this paper, an improvement of the existing conductance model for the single-layer GNR and a novel conductance model for multi-layer GNR are introduced. The models leverage the recent theoretical and theoretical results, providing consistent conductance/resistance estimations with the experimental results. Using these models, comparison of the resistance of multi-layer GNR with Cu and CNT bundle for the same aspect ratio is carried out. The results demonstrate that multi-layer GNR will be a superior interconnect solution over Cu for 45nm or less technology nodes. This work introduced a promising graphene interconnect by utilizing multiple layers. This might lead to future breakthrough of the new emerging interconnect solution.
Sansiri Tanachutiwat, Wei Wang
Digital Microfluidic Logic Gates
Abstract
Microfluidic computing is an emerging application for microfluidics technology. We propose microfluidic logic gates based on digital microfluidics. Using the principle of electrowetting-on-dielectric, AND, OR, NOT and XOR gates are implemented through basic droplet-handling operations such as transporting, merging and splitting. The same input-output interpretation enables the cascading of gates to create nontrivial computing systems. We present a potential application for microfluidic logic gates by implementing microfluidic logic operations for on-chip HIV test.
Yang Zhao, Tao Xu, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Application of Molecular Electronics Devices in Digital Circuit Design
Abstract
The Breit-Wigner resonance formula is used to model a class of molecular electronic devices, in order to establish an abstract model for exploration of their applicability in future nanoelectronic systems. The model is used to characterize molecular device I-V curves in terms of the coupling between the molecule and the leads, and demonstrate digital circuit functionality. Circuit metrics such as noise margin, speed and power are investigated.
Ci Lei, Dinesh Pamunuwa, Steven Bailey, Colin Lambert
A Voltage Controlled Nano Addressing Circuit
Abstract
A voltage controlled nano addressing circuit is proposed, which (1) improves yield and enables aggressive scaling with no requirement of precise layout design, (2) achieves precision of addressing by transistor current-to-voltage sensitivity in the circuit and applied external address voltages, and (3) is adaptive to and more robust in the presence of process variations which are expected to be prevalent in nanoelectronic designs.
Bao Liu
A SWNT-Based Sensor for Detecting Human Blood Alcohol Concentration
Abstract
Alcohol intake may impair human abilities, degrade human performance, and result in serious diseases. Alcohol sensors are needed to manage the risk and effect of alcohol use to human health and performance. This paper was focused on the theoretical models and design of carbon nanotube based alcohol sensors. The experiments verified that single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used to detect alcohol vapor, and need metal pads to achieve higher sensitivity.
H. Leng, Y. Lin
A Dual-Mode Hybrid ARQ Scheme for Energy Efficient On-Chip Interconnects
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a dual-mode hybrid ARQ scheme for energy efficient on-chip communication, where the type of coding scheme can be dynamically selected based on different noise environments and reliability requirements. In order to reduce codec area overhead, a hardware sharing design method is implemented, resulting in only a minor increase in area costs compared to a single-mode system. For a given reliability requirement, the proposed error control scheme yields up to 35% energy improvement compared to previous solutions and up to 18% energy improvement compared to worst-case noise design method.
Bo Fu, Paul Ampadu
Using Randomly Assembled Networks for Computation
Abstract
This paper makes the case for perturbation-based computational model as a promising choice for implementing next generation ubiquitous information applications on emerging nanotechnologies. Our argument centers on its suitability for technologies with low manufacturing precision, high defect densities and performance uncertainty. This paper discusses some of the possible advantages and pitfalls of this approach, and associated novel design principles.
Andrey Zykov, Gustavo de Veciana

Invited Papers

A Biochemically-Engineered Molecular Communication System (Invited Paper)
Abstract
Molecular communication uses molecules (i.e., chemical signals) as an information carrier and allows biologically- and artificially-created nano- or cell-scale entities to communicate over a short distance. It is a new communication paradigm and is different from the traditional communication paradigm that uses electromagnetic waves (i.e., electronic and optical signals) as an information carrier. Key research challenges in molecular communication include design of a sender, design of a molecular propagation system, design of a receiver, design of a molecular communication interface, and mathematical modeling of molecular communication components and systems. This paper focuses on system design and experimental results of molecular communication and briefly refers to recent activities in molecular communication.
Satoshi Hiyama, Yuki Moritani, Tatsuya Suda
Random Walks on Random Graphs
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss some of the notions and applications of random walks on finite graphs, especially as they apply to random graphs. In this section we give some basic definitions, in Section 2 we review applications of random walks in computer science, and in Section 3 we focus on walks in random graphs.
Colin Cooper, Alan Frieze
Optical Networking in a Swarm of Microrobots
Abstract
Swarm Microrobotics aims to apply Swarm Intelligence algorithms and strategies to a large number of fabricated miniaturized autonomous or semi-autonomous agents, allowing collective, decentralized and self-organizing behaviors of the robots. The ability to establish basic information networking is fundamental in such swarm systems, where inter-robot communication is the base of emergent behaviors. Optical communication represents so far probably the only feasible and suitable solution for the constraints and requirements imposed by the development of a microrobotic swarm. This paper introduces a miniaturized optical communication module for millimeter-sized autonomous robots and presents a computer-simulated demonstration of its basic working principle to exploit bio-inspired swarm strategies.
Paolo Corradi, Thomas Schmickl, Oliver Scholz, Arianna Menciassi, Paolo Dario
Counting Photons Using a Nanonetwork of Superconducting Wires
Abstract
We show how the parallel connection of photo-sensitive supercon-ducting nanowires can be used to count the number of photons in an optical pulse, down to the single-photon level. Using this principle we demonstrate photon-number resolving detectors with unprecedented sensitivity and speed at telecommunication wavelengths.
Andrea Fiore, Francesco Marsili, David Bitauld, Alessandro Gaggero, Roberto Leoni, Francesco Mattioli, Aleksander Divochiy, Alexander Korneev, Vitaliy Seleznev, Nataliya Kaurova, Olga Minaeva, Gregory Gol’tsman
Communicating Mobile Nano-Machines and Their Computational Power
(Extended abstract)
Abstract
A computational model of molecularly communicating mobile nanomachines is defined. Nanomachines are modeled by a variant of finite-state automata—so-called timed probabilistic automata—augmented by a severely restricted communication mechanism capturing the main features of molecular communication. We show that for molecular communication among such motile machines an asynchronous stochastic protocol originally designed for wireless (radio) communication in so-called amorphous computers with static computational units can also be used. We design an algorithm that using the previous protocol, randomness and timing delays selects with a high probability a leader from among sets of anonymous candidates. This enables a probabilistic simulation of one of the simplest known model of a programmable computer—so-called counter automaton—proving that networks of mobile nanomachines possess universal computing power.
Jiří Wiedermann, Lukáš Petrů
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Nano-Net
herausgegeben von
Maggie Cheng
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-02427-6
Print ISBN
978-3-642-02426-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02427-6

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