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Erschienen in: Discover Computing 3-4/2019

25.10.2018 | Knowledge Graphs and Semantics in Text Analysis and Retrieval

Neural variational entity set expansion for automatically populated knowledge graphs

verfasst von: Pushpendre Rastogi, Adam Poliak, Vince Lyzinski, Benjamin Van Durme

Erschienen in: Discover Computing | Ausgabe 3-4/2019

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Abstract

We propose Neural variational set expansion to extract actionable information from a noisy knowledge graph (KG) and propose a general approach for increasing the interpretability of recommendation systems. We demonstrate the usefulness of applying a variational autoencoder to the Entity set expansion task based on a realistic automatically generated KG.

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Fußnoten
1
We refer to the items in the seed as entities but they can also be referred to as items or elements.
 
3
We ignore confidence scores that entity linking systems often assign to a link because confidence scores will prevent us from using a multinomial distribution to model a document as a bag-of-words.
 
4
Lucene replaced tf-idf with BM25 as its default algorithm: https://​issues.​apache.​org/​jira/​browse/​LUCENE-6789.
 
5
Converting entity mentions to entity IDs allows us to overcome issues related to embedding multi-word expressions as explained in Poliak et al. (2017).
 
6
Our generative model is inspired by Miao et al. (2016)’s NVDM. They assume that a single latent variable generates only one observation, but we posit that the same latent variable z generates all observations in \({\mathcal{Q}}\).
 
7
This is a generalization of Bouchacourt et al. (2017) combining variational approximations of posterior distributions since the product of gaussians is a Gaussian distribution.
 
8
Also notice that the POE approach recommends adding the outputs of the neural networks which is different than concatenating the features for all x in \({\mathcal{Q}}\) or naively adding the inputs of the neural network. (Appendix 2) gives more details.
 
9
Recently, Zaheer et al. (2017) gave a theorem that any permutation invariant function of sets must be representable as the function of a sum of features of elements of the set. We note that our POE approximation also has a similar form and is permutation invariant.
 
10
More informally, we remove the plates from Fig. 2.
 
11
Tinkerbell constructed a KG from LDC2017E25 that contains 30K English documents. Half of them are from online forums and the other half from Reuters and NYT. We focused on the 77,845 entities from English documents appearing in 344,735 sentences. 25,149 entities were also linked to DBPedia.
 
13
The mean is 4.43, the standard deviation is 29.19, the minimum number of sentences for an entity is 1, the maximum number of sentences is 4638, and the median is 1 (44,317 entities).
 
15
Training NVSE on 1 Tesla K80 using the Adam optimizer with learning rate \(5e^{{-}5}\) and minibatch size 64 took 12 h.
 
16
Figure 3 in (Appendix 5) illustrates the AMT interface.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Neural variational entity set expansion for automatically populated knowledge graphs
verfasst von
Pushpendre Rastogi
Adam Poliak
Vince Lyzinski
Benjamin Van Durme
Publikationsdatum
25.10.2018
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Discover Computing / Ausgabe 3-4/2019
Print ISSN: 2948-2984
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-2992
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-018-9342-1

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