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Real-Time Systems
Erschienen in: Real-Time Systems 5/2012

01.09.2012

Numerical analysis of worst-case end-to-end delay bounds in FIFO tandem networks

verfasst von: Luca Bisti, Luciano Lenzini, Enzo Mingozzi, Giovanni Stea

Erschienen in: Real-Time Systems | Ausgabe 5/2012

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Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of computing end-to-end delay bounds for a traffic flow traversing a tandem of FIFO multiplexing network nodes using Network Calculus. Numerical solution methods are required, as closed-form delay bound expressions are unknown except for few specific cases. For the methodology called the Least Upper Delay Bound, the most accurate among those based on Network Calculus, exact and approximate solution algorithms are presented, and their accuracy and computation cost are discussed. The algorithms are inherently exponential, yet affordable for tandems of up to few tens of nodes, and amenable to online execution in cases of practical significance. This complexity is, however, required to compute accurate bounds. As the LUDB may actually be larger than the worst-case delay, we assess how close the former is to the latter by computing lower bounds on the worst-case delay and measuring the gap between the lower and upper bound.
Vorheriger Artikel Improved cache related pre-emption delay aware response time analysis for fixed priority pre-emptive systems
Nächster Artikel Performance debugging of Esterel specifications

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Fußnoten
1
Roughly speaking, a service-curve expresses the lower bound on the service that a backlogged node may get over time.
 
2
Such closed-form expressions can be generalized to all tandems whose nesting trees are tree-equivalent, i.e. have the same shape, as discussed in Lenzini et al. (2008). For instance, the solution for any fully nested tandem can be computed in a closed form, starting from the one computed for the tree-equivalent sink-tree tandem, via simple variable substitution.
 
3
All the graphs report the average of ten randomly generated replicas.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Numerical analysis of worst-case end-to-end delay bounds in FIFO tandem networks
verfasst von
Luca Bisti
Luciano Lenzini
Enzo Mingozzi
Giovanni Stea
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2012
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Real-Time Systems / Ausgabe 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0922-6443
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1383
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-012-9153-1