One-to-One Routing Protocols for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Considering the Electric Energy Consumption

In wireless ad-hoc networks, messages have to be energy-efficiently delivered to destination nodes by exchanging the messages among neighboring nodes. In our previous studies, the reactive type EAO, LEU, and IEAO protocols are proposed to unicast messages. In the EAO protocol, the total electric energy of nodes and delay time from a source node to a destination node can be reduced compared with the ESU and AODV protocols. However, a source-to-destination route may not be found if the communication range of each node is shorter. In the IEAO protocol, a route can be found even in short communication range. In the forwarding phase, a node \(p_i\) does not necessarily receive an RQ messages which sent by a node \(p_j\) whose level parameter is bigger than \(p_j\) and keeps the information which is contained in the RQ messages. Here, by neglecting superfluous RQ messages, the electric energy consumption of the forwarding phase can be reduced. In this paper, we propose an IEAO2 protocol by improving the IEAO protocol so that the electric energy consumption is reduced in the forwarding phase. In the evaluation, we show the information which each node keeps can be reduced in the IEAO2 protocol compared with other protocols.